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The pathophysiological mechanisms of arterial hypertension during hemodialysis (HD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are still poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate physiological, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine changes in patients with ESRD and its correlation with changes in blood pressure (BP) during the HD session. The present study included 21 patients with ESRD undergoing chronic HD treatment. Group A (study) consisted of patients who had BP increase and group B (control) consisted of those who had BP reduction during HD session. Echocardiograms were performed during the HD session to evaluate cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Before and after the HD session, blood samples were collected to measure brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), catecholamines, endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), electrolytes, hematocrit, albumin and nitrogen substances. The mean age of the studied patients was 43±4.9 years, and 54.6% were males. SVR significantly increased in group A (P<0.001). There were no differences in the values of BNP, NO, adrenalin, dopamin and noradrenalin, before and after dialysis, between the two groups. The mean value of ET-1, post HD, was 25.9 pg ml−1 in group A and 13.3 pg ml−1 in group B (P=<0.001). Patients with ESRD showed different hemodynamic patterns during the HD session, with significant BP increase in group A, caused by an increase in SVR possibly due to endothelial dysfunction, evidenced by an increase in serum ET-1 levels.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the extent of the reported low affective commitment compared to continuance commitment of Chinese casino dealers, to discern if there is a significant difference between the two types of commitment, and to identify factors that could explain the difference between them. Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaire data were obtained from 247 Chinese casino dealers working for the three major casino groups in Macau. Correlations and regressions were used to analyze the data. Findings – Dealers’ affective commitment was significantly lower than their continuance commitment, suggesting dealers do not like their jobs but do not leave them, which indicates they have cognitive dissonance about their jobs. Organizational socialization, organizational support, and supervisor integrity were positively correlated with affective commitment; while value of money, pay satisfaction, and neuroticism, were positively correlated with continuance commitment. Organizational support was the strongest predictor of affective commitment, while the value they place on money was the strongest predictor of continuance commitment. Practical implications – Casino managers could improve dealers’ affective commitment by facilitating their organizational socialization, especially training and rewards for their work, providing greater organizational support, and fair and supportive treatment from their supervisors. Originality/value – This is the first study to provide evidence of the difference between affective and continuance commitment in Chinese society, and identifies factors that influence each type of commitment, and may help resolve the employees’ dilemma about their jobs, which is an important concern for Chinese managers.
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This article reviews the role that the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) plays in China’s cultural and public diplomacy through training programmes organised by the Macao Forum and tailored for the elite of the world’s Portuguese-speaking countries (PSCs). It begins with a review of China’s approach to key instruments of its soft-power offensive and strategy towards the developing world, followed by an overview of Beijing’s linkages with each PSC. Formulated as an expression of China’s cultural diplomacy towards the PSCs, the seminars of the Macao Forum serve as a kind of cooperation in which the provider party—rather than delivering tangible goods and services such as food, money, loans or infrastructure—actually offers grey matter in the form of ideas for initiatives in public policies and reforms, in order to foster further economic development and administrative rationalisation. Adding to an intense debate and substantial literature that discuss quantitatively and qualitatively China’s role in and aid provision to Africa, the authors argue that China, through the Macao Forum’s training programmes, courts the developing PSCs by building the capacity of their human capital, targeting in particular those in the public and private sectors who are in a position to implement their ideas.
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Skip to Next Section Group-living animals must adjust the expression of their social behaviour to changes in their social environment and to transitions between life-history stages, and this social plasticity can be seen as an adaptive trait that can be under positive selection when changes in the environment outpace the rate of genetic evolutionary change. Here, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding the neuromolecular mechanisms of social plasticity. According to this framework, social plasticity is achieved by rewiring or by biochemically switching nodes of a neural network underlying social behaviour in response to perceived social information. Therefore, at the molecular level, it depends on the social regulation of gene expression, so that different genomic and epigenetic states of this brain network correspond to different behavioural states, and the switches between states are orchestrated by signalling pathways that interface the social environment and the genotype. Different types of social plasticity can be recognized based on the observed patterns of inter- versus intra-individual occurrence, time scale and reversibility. It is proposed that these different types of social plasticity rely on different proximate mechanisms at the physiological, neural and genomic level.
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Using Habermas’s theory of communicative action, this study explores the educational visions held by a multi-cultural class of students enrolled in a teacher preparation programme set in a culturally and linguistic diverse urban environment with a recent history of colonialism. The purpose of the study was to analyse the educational and teaching visions put forward by student teachers in an essay during the course “Principles of Education,” which took place in the 2013–2014 academic year and to determine whether the variation in respondents’ vision statements was related to the students’ cultural backgrounds. The students’ awareness of the instructor’s grading role may have influenced the content of their vision statements, and thus Habermas’s theory of communicative action was selected as it allows one to focus on both the content and the process of communicative interaction. The current qualitative research presents data from twenty Macau-Chinese and twenty non-Chinese overseas students. Their visions for education and teaching were examined along the lines of culture. The findings revealed that the idealised representations of what education and teaching is, does and symbolise, varies along culture lines. Since urban educational environments are growing culturally diverse, it is recommended that additional attention be given to cultural awareness in teacher education programmes.
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A interpretação da Escritura e das suas diferentes personagens enriquece a Tradição cristã, mas este processo de receção é muitas vezes marcado por debates e polémica …
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The argument is raised that, in an age of the networked, connected society in an information-rich environment with communication possibilities as never before experienced or made possible, the displacement of educational virtues of morality, ethics and the development of all-round human beings, by those of money, labour, power and work are speeding apace, and the disconnect between system and lifeworld is increasing. Drawing initially on the work of Habermas, in which the colonization of the lifeworld occurs by system imperatives of rationalization, labour, money and power, the paper argues that such moves are manifested starkly in discourses of the relation between education and work, and five areas are introduced in which the links operate. The marketization and commodification of education, together with its incorporation into the service of capital and labour, are attested through a short worked example of one small territory within the larger context of China. Then, taking a lead from Sertillanges and Habermas’s later work, the paper argues for: (a) a reaffirmation of the importance of moral, ethical and spiritual dimensions of education; (b) the breaking of a narrowly instrumental, capital-acquisitive view of education as serving the jobs market and social control and towards a liberating view of education as communicative action and the development of being rather than simply behaving; (c) the importance of transcendence and immanence; and, thereby, (d) moves towards the re-integration of system and lifeworld in participating subjects.
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This chapter explores the ways in which a relational understanding of the education process and the use of collaborative technologies in the connectivist tradition might inform and transform university teaching.
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No seguimento de uma série de contactos estreitos com uma comunidade social situada nos municípios de Baía da Traição, Rio Tinto, Marcação e Mataraca, a 85 quilómetros de distância de João Pessoa, capital do Estado da Paraíba, decidi, desde 2006, levar a efeito um intenso trabalho de campo nestas aldeias indígenas com o objectivo de concretizar um projeto de investigação que englobasse em obrigatória interdisciplinaridade os campos tantas vezes excessivamente singulares da História, da Sociologia, da Política, da Antropologia Cultural e das Teorias da Comunicação, acompanhando e refletindo sobre características e organização social, rituais, manifestações de carácter religioso, evolução histórica, usos e costumes de uma tribo que se abriu quase rendida ao exterior, mas porfiando em manter, todavia, traços e, sobretudo, um discurso narrativo de representações culturais ancestrais. Esta propositada interdisciplinaridade persegue um objectivo epistemológico bem preciso: transformar a investigação empírica em contribuição para uma nova teoria da história da comunicação – a comunicação antropo-histórica entre comunidades ditas tradicionais e o “outro” – a área por mim privilegiada em investigações anteriores, nomeadamente ao nível da licenciatura e do mestrado. Os Potiguara, cuja sociedade ainda não é alfabetizada e, na sua maioria, baseiam a sua cultura na tradição oral, transmitindo os seus lugares da memória sobretudo através do poder do português do Brasil, mesmo quando adornado por escassas palavras tupi, é graças à mensagem e à representação que algumas das suas manifestações culturais reinventam continuadamente a sua identidade Potiguara. É, assim, a mensagem e a representação que inventam o real social e reinventam dinamicamente a sua identidade cultural.
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In the context of Asia, the changing dynamics of higher education has increased the visibility and significance of the group of intraregional education migrants. There are several methodological issues which need to be addressed in conducting research for this group of migrants. First, how does the particular type of migrant group and Asian context influence the research design? Second, in order to capture the scale and diversity of this migrant group, how should research be conducted across multiple sites? Third, how does a mixed method design allow researchers to learn more about the behaviour, practice and orientations of education migrants? Our paper aims to make contributions to the discussions on the methods of education migration research in Asia through answering these questions. We use research experiences and preliminary data from a multinational project to illustrate the issues involved in the selection of methods, research design and project management.
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