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兩晉之際中原統治集團和江南豪族合作之探討 =: A Discussion on the Cooperation Between The Ruling Group in Middle China and the Jiangnan Indigenous Families Between Western and Eastern Jin Dynasties

University of Saint Joseph

Macau

2024

72

chi

兩晉之際中原統治集團和江南豪族合作之探討 =

Library Catalog (Koha)

M-HHS 2024 WON,SEO

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, internal conflicts within the Sima clan plunged the Middle China into chaos. Sima Rui, the ruler of Langye county who stood apart from “the War of Eight Princes,"" was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Military Forces in Yangzhou in the first year of Yongjia (307 AD), relocating his base to Jianye. However, despite the Western Jin Dynasty officially unifying the country since the sixth year of Xianning (280 AD), effective governance was never established in the region, relying instead on local clans and indigenous families to maintain order in Jiangnan. Consequently, for Sima Rui and his group of migrants to establish themselves in Jiangnan, and later ascend to the throne as Emperor of Eastern Jin, they needed to navigate carefully through relations with the prominent local clans and address historical legacy issues at the outset of their crossing. Ultimately, by seizing the right timing for their appearance and leveraging the advantages of their allegiance to the legitimate imperial house of the Central Plains, Sima Rui's faction managed to surpass the indigenous clans of Jiangnan, shaping a political landscape dominated by migrant gentry class. The main body of the thesis consists of three parts. The first part elucidates the unfavorable factors surrounding Sima Rui crossing to Jianye, including his personal qualities, the socio-political environment during the transition from Western Jin to Eastern Jin, and historical legacy issues. The second part discusses the favorable conditions gradually emerging before Sima Rui's crossing, such as political legacies from the Western Jin regime, a series of policies favoring the former Wu region, and the psychological shifts among the Jiangnan indigenous families in response to the prevailing circumstances. The final part elaborates on the social environment in Jiangnan after Sima Rui's crossing, as well as the changes and motivations behind the political stances of the northern and southern gentry class. Through analyzing the interactions and influences among the Jin imperial house, migrant gentries and Jiangnan indigenous clans, this section provides a rationale for the smooth establishment of the Eastern Jin government in Jiangnan 西晉末年，司馬宗族互相殘殺致使中原局勢大亂。身處於競逐行列的“八王”之外的琅邪王司馬睿，於永嘉元年(307年)被任命為都督揚州江南諸軍事，並將駐地移至建鄴。然而，縱使西晉自咸寜六年(280年)正式統一全國，但從未對該地實施有效的統治，並主要以當地的宗部和豪族維持整個江南的秩序。為此，司馬睿及其背後的僑士集團若希望立足於江南，乃至在其後登基為東晉皇帝，則必需在渡江之初就妥善處理與南方當地大族的關係以及當時的歷史遺留問題。到最後配合其恰當的登場時機及隸屬於中原正統的優勢，使司馬睿代表的集團能夠在凌駕於江南土著大族之上，並形成了以僑姓士族為主導的政治局面。 論文正文分為三個部分，第一部分透過說明司馬睿的個人特質、兩晉之際的社會環境以及歷史遺留問題等，以釐清琅邪王渡江建鄴一事中的不利因素。第二部分則會論述在司馬睿渡江前逐漸形成的有利條件，其中包括來自於西晉政權的政治遺產及一系列對前吳地區示好的政策，以及江南豪族面對當時局勢時的心理變化。最後一部分將會闡述司馬睿渡江以後在江南的社會環境以及南北士族在政治取態上的變化及源由，透過分析出晉室、僑姓士族以及江南著姓和豪族三方之間的互動和影響，而為東晉政府得以順利在江南建朝一事提供了合理性。In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of History and Heritage Studies in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Saint Joseph, May, 2024Supervisor : Thomas Cai

• Master Dissertations
  • Faculty of Arts and Humanities
    • History and Heritage Studies