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"Marques, João Alexandre Lobo"

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Marques, J. A. L., Han, T., Wu, W., Madeiro, J. P. do V., Neto, A. V. L., Gravina, R., Fortino, G., & de Albuquerque, V. H. C. (2021). IoT-Based Smart Health System for Ambulatory Maternal and Fetal Monitoring. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(23), 16814–16824. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.3037759

The adoption of IoT for smart health applications is a relevant tool for distributed and intelligent automatic diagnostic systems. This work proposes the development of an integrated solution to monitor maternal and fetal signals for high-risk pregnancies based on IoT sensors, feature extraction based on data analytics, and an intelligent diagnostic aid system based on a 1-D convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier. The fetal heart rate and a group of maternal clinical indicators, such as the uterine tonus activity, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation are monitored. Multiple data sources generate a significant amount of data in different formats and rates. An emergency diagnostic subsystem is proposed based on a fog computing layer and the best accuracy was 92.59% for both maternal and fetal emergency. A smart health analytics system is proposed for multiple feature extraction and the calculation of linear and nonlinear measures. Finally, a classification technique is proposed as a prediction system for maternal, fetal, and simultaneous health status classification, considering six possible outputs. Different classifiers are evaluated and a proposed CNN presented the best results, with the F1-score ranging from 0.74 to 0.91. The results are validated based on the diagnosis provided by two specialists. The results show that the proposed system is a viable solution for maternal and fetal ambulatory monitoring based on IoT.
Ribeiro, P., Marques, J. A. L., Pordeus, D., Zacarias, L., Leite, C. F., Sobreira-Neto, M. A., Peixoto, A. A., de Oliveira, A., Madeiro, J. P. do V., & Rodrigues, P. M. (2024). Machine learning-based cardiac activity non-linear analysis for discriminating COVID-19 patients with different degrees of severity. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 87, 105558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105558

Objective: This study highlights the potential of an Electrocardiogram (ECG) as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of COVID-19 in critically ill patients with limited access to CT–Scan rooms. Methods: In this investigation, 3 categories of patient status were considered: Low, Moderate, and Severe. For each patient, 2 different body positions have been used to collect 2 ECG signals. Then, from each collected signal, 10 non-linear features (Energy, Approximate Entropy, Logarithmic Entropy, Shannon Entropy, Hurst Exponent, Lyapunov Exponent, Higuchi Fractal Dimension, Katz Fractal Dimension, Correlation Dimension and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) were extracted every 1s ECG time-series length to serve as entries for 19 Machine learning classifiers within a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. Four different classification scenarios were tested: Low vs. Moderate, Low vs. Severe, Moderate vs. Severe and one Multi-class comparison (All vs. All). Results: The classification report results were: (1) Low vs. Moderate - 100% of Accuracy and 100% of F1–Score; (2) Low vs. Severe - Accuracy of 91.67% and an F1–Score of 94.92%; (3) Moderate vs. Severe - Accuracy of 94.12% and an F1–Score of 96.43%; and (4) All vs All - 78.57% of Accuracy and 84.75% of F1–Score. Conclusion: The results indicate that the applied methodology could be considered a good tool for distinguishing COVID-19’s different severity stages using ECG signals. Significance: The findings highlight the potential of ECG as a fast and effective tool for COVID-19 examination. In comparison to previous studies using the same database, this study shows a 7.57% improvement in diagnostic accuracy for the All vs All comparison.

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Gois, F. N. B., Marques, J. A. L., de Oliveira Dantas, A. B., Santos, M. C., Neto, J. V. S., de Macêdo, J. A. F., Du, W., & Li, Y. (2023). Malaria Blood Smears Object Detection Based on Convolutional DCGAN and CNN Deep Learning Architectures. In R. Lee (Ed.), Computer and Information Science (pp. 197–212). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12127-2_14

Fast and efficient malaria diagnostics are essential in efforts to detect and treat the disease in a proper time. The standard approach to diagnose malaria is a microscope exam, which is submitted to a subjective interpretation. Thus, the automating of the diagnosis process with the use of an intelligent system capable of recognizing malaria parasites could aid in the early treatment of the disease. Usually, laboratories capture a minimum set of images in low quality using a system of microscopes based on mobile devices. Due to the poor quality of such data, conventional algorithms do not process those images properly. This paper presents the application of deep learning techniques to improve the accuracy of malaria plasmodium detection in the presented context. In order to increase the number of training sets, deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN) were used to generate reliable training data that were introduced in our deep learning model to improve accuracy. A total of 6 experiments were performed and a synthesized dataset of 2.200 images was generated by the DCGAN for the training phase. For a real image database with 600 blood smears with malaria plasmodium, the proposed Deep Learning architecture obtained the accuracy of 100% for the plasmodium detection. The results are promising and the solution could be employed to support a mass medical diagnosis system.

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Gois, F. N. B., Marques, J. A. L., De Oliveira Dantas, A. B., Santos, M. C., Neto, J. V. S., De Macêdo, J. A. F., Du, W., & Li, Y. (2023). Malaria Blood Smears Object Detection Based on Convolutional DCGAN and CNN Deep Learning Architectures. In R. Lee (Ed.), Computer and Information Science (Vol. 1055, pp. 197–212). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12127-2_14

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Pordeus, D., Ribeiro, P., Zacarias, L., de Oliveira, A., Marques, J. A. L., Rodrigues, P. M., Leite, C., Neto, M. A., Peixoto, A. A., & do Vale Madeiro, J. P. (2023). Training Strategies for Covid-19 Severity Classification. In I. Rojas, O. Valenzuela, F. Rojas Ruiz, L. J. Herrera, & F. Ortuño (Eds.), Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (pp. 514–527). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34953-9_40

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant public health challenge on a global scale. It is imperative that we continue to undertake research in order to identify early markers of disease progression, enhance patient care through prompt diagnosis, identification of high-risk patients, early prevention, and efficient allocation of medical resources. In this particular study, we obtained 100 5-min electrocardiograms (ECGs) from 50 COVID-19 volunteers in two different positions, namely upright and supine, who were categorized as either moderately or critically ill. We used classification algorithms to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) metrics derived from the ECGs of the volunteers with the goal of predicting the severity of illness. Our study choose a configuration pro SVC that achieved 76% of accuracy, and 0.84 on F1 Score in predicting the severity of Covid-19 based on HRV metrics.

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