@article{yan_review_2023, title = {A review on multimodal machine learning in medical diagnostics}, volume = {20}, copyright = {2023 The Author(s)}, issn = {1551-0018}, url = {http://www.aimspress.com/rticle/doi/10.3934/mbe.2023382}, doi = {10.3934/mbe.2023382}, abstract = {Nowadays, the increasing number of medical diagnostic data and clinical data provide more complementary references for doctors to make diagnosis to patients. For example, with medical data, such as electrocardiography (ECG), machine learning algorithms can be used to identify and diagnose heart disease to reduce the workload of doctors. However, ECG data is always exposed to various kinds of noise and interference in reality, and medical diagnostics only based on one-dimensional ECG data is not trustable enough. By extracting new features from other types of medical data, we can implement enhanced recognition methods, called multimodal learning. Multimodal learning helps models to process data from a range of different sources, eliminate the requirement for training each single learning modality, and improve the robustness of models with the diversity of data. Growing number of articles in recent years have been devoted to investigating how to extract data from different sources and build accurate multimodal machine learning models, or deep learning models for medical diagnostics. This paper reviews and summarizes several recent papers that dealing with multimodal machine learning in disease detection, and identify topics for future research.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2023-03-21}, journal = {Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering}, author = {Yan, Keyue and Li, Tengyue and Marques, João Alexandre Lobo and Gao, Juntao and Fong, Simon James and Yan, Keyue and Li, Tengyue and Marques, João Alexandre Lobo and Gao, Juntao and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, note = {Cc\_license\_type: cc\_by Number: mbe-20-05-382 Primary\_atype: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering Subject\_term: Review Subject\_term\_id: Review}, pages = {8708--8726}, } @incollection{singh_medical_2023, title = {Medical {Information} {Extraction} of {Clinical} {Notes} and {Pictorial} {Visualisation} of {Electronic} {Medical} {Records} {Summary} {Interface}}, isbn = {978-1-00-325411-9}, url = {https://www.routledge.com/Smart-Distributed-Embedded-Systems-for-Healthcare-Applications/Nagrath-Alzubi-Singla-Rodrigues-Verma/p/book/9781032183473}, booktitle = {Smart {Distributed} {Embedded} {Systems} for {Healthcare} {Applications}}, publisher = {CRC Press}, author = {Singh, Praveen and Chaudhary, Gopal and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre}, year = {2023}, pages = {29--40}, } @article{rodrigues_enhancing_2023, title = {Enhancing {Health} and {Public} {Health} through {Machine} {Learning}: {Decision} {Support} for {Smarter} {Choices}}, volume = {10}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/}, issn = {2306-5354}, shorttitle = {Enhancing {Health} and {Public} {Health} through {Machine} {Learning}}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/7/792}, doi = {10.3390/bioengineering10070792}, abstract = {In recent years, the integration of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in the field of healthcare and public health has emerged as a powerful tool for improving decision-making processes [...]}, language = {en}, number = {7}, urldate = {2023-08-01}, journal = {Bioengineering}, author = {Rodrigues, Pedro Miguel and Madeiro, João Paulo and Marques, João Alexandre Lobo}, month = jul, year = {2023}, note = {Number: 7 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}, keywords = {n/a}, pages = {792}, } @incollection{ribeiro_evaluation_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Evaluation of {ECG} {Non}-linear {Features} in {Time}-{Frequency} {Domain} for the {Discrimination} of {COVID}-19 {Severity} {Stages}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_9}, abstract = {In 2020, the World Health Organization declared the Coronavirus Disease 19 a global pandemic. While detecting COVID-19 is essential in controlling the disease, prognosis prediction is crucial in reducing disease complications and patient mortality. For that, standard protocols consider adopting medical imaging tools to analyze cases of pneumonia and complications. Nevertheless, some patients develop different symptoms and/or cannot be moved to a CT-Scan room. In other cases, the devices are not available. The adoption of ambulatory monitoring examinations, such as Electrocardiography (ECG), can be considered a viable tool to address the patient’s cardiovascular condition and to act as a predictor for future disease outcomes. In this investigation, ten non-linear features (Energy, Approximate Entropy, Logarithmic Entropy, Shannon Entropy, Hurst Exponent, Lyapunov Exponent, Higuchi Fractal Dimension, Katz Fractal Dimension, Correlation Dimension and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) extracted from 2 ECG signals (collected from 2 different patient’s positions). Windows of 1 second segments in 6 ways of windowing signal analysis crops were evaluated employing statistical analysis. Three categories of outcomes are considered for the patient status: Low, Moderate, and Severe, and four combinations for classification scenarios are tested:  (Low vs. Moderate, Low vs. Severe, Moderate vs. Severe) and 1 Multi-class comparison  (All vs. All)). The results indicate that some statistically significant parameter distributions were found for all comparisons.  (Low vs. Moderate—Approximate Entropy p-value = 0.0067 {\textless} 0.05, Low vs. Severe—Correlation Dimension p-value = 0.0087 {\textless} 0.05, Moderate vs. Severe—Correlation Dimension p-value = 0.0029 {\textless} 0.05, All vs. All—Correlation Dimension p-value = 0.0185 {\textless} 0.05. The non-linear analysis of the time-frequency representation of the ECG signal can be considered a promising tool for describing and distinguishing the COVID-19 severity activity along its different stages.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Ribeiro, Pedro and Pordeus, Daniel and Zacarias, Laíla and Leite, Camila and Alves Neto, Manoel and Aires Peixoto Jr, Arnaldo and de Oliveira, Adriel and Paulo Madeiro, João and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Miguel Rodrigues, Pedro}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_9}, keywords = {COVID-19, ECG signals, Non-linear analysis, Statistical analysis}, pages = {137--154}, } @article{ribeiro_covid-19_2023, title = {{COVID}-19 {Detection} by {Means} of {ECG}, {Voice}, and {X}-ray {Computerized} {Systems}: {A} {Review}}, volume = {10}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/}, issn = {2306-5354}, shorttitle = {{COVID}-19 {Detection} by {Means} of {ECG}, {Voice}, and {X}-ray {Computerized} {Systems}}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/198}, doi = {10.3390/bioengineering10020198}, abstract = {Since the beginning of 2020, Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) has attracted the attention of the World Health Organization (WHO). This paper looks into the infection mechanism, patient symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis, followed by an extensive assessment of different technologies and computerized models (based on Electrocardiographic signals (ECG), Voice, and X-ray techniques) proposed as a diagnostic tool for the accurate detection of COVID-19. The found papers showed high accuracy rate results, ranging between 85.70\% and 100\%, and F1-Scores from 89.52\% to 100\%. With this state-of-the-art, we concluded that the models proposed for the detection of COVID-19 already have significant results, but the area still has room for improvement, given the vast symptomatology and the better comprehension of individuals’ evolution of the disease.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2023-03-21}, journal = {Bioengineering}, author = {Ribeiro, Pedro and Marques, João Alexandre Lobo and Rodrigues, Pedro Miguel}, month = feb, year = {2023}, note = {Number: 2 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}, keywords = {COVID-19, artificial intelligence, computerized diagnostic systems, image processing, signal processing}, pages = {198}, } @article{ribeiro_machine_2024, title = {Machine learning-based cardiac activity non-linear analysis for discriminating {COVID}-19 patients with different degrees of severity}, volume = {87}, issn = {1746-8094}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1746809423009916}, doi = {10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105558}, abstract = {Objective: This study highlights the potential of an Electrocardiogram (ECG) as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of COVID-19 in critically ill patients with limited access to CT–Scan rooms. Methods: In this investigation, 3 categories of patient status were considered: Low, Moderate, and Severe. For each patient, 2 different body positions have been used to collect 2 ECG signals. Then, from each collected signal, 10 non-linear features (Energy, Approximate Entropy, Logarithmic Entropy, Shannon Entropy, Hurst Exponent, Lyapunov Exponent, Higuchi Fractal Dimension, Katz Fractal Dimension, Correlation Dimension and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) were extracted every 1s ECG time-series length to serve as entries for 19 Machine learning classifiers within a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. Four different classification scenarios were tested: Low vs. Moderate, Low vs. Severe, Moderate vs. Severe and one Multi-class comparison (All vs. All). Results: The classification report results were: (1) Low vs. Moderate - 100\% of Accuracy and 100\% of F1–Score; (2) Low vs. Severe - Accuracy of 91.67\% and an F1–Score of 94.92\%; (3) Moderate vs. Severe - Accuracy of 94.12\% and an F1–Score of 96.43\%; and (4) All vs All - 78.57\% of Accuracy and 84.75\% of F1–Score. Conclusion: The results indicate that the applied methodology could be considered a good tool for distinguishing COVID-19’s different severity stages using ECG signals. Significance: The findings highlight the potential of ECG as a fast and effective tool for COVID-19 examination. In comparison to previous studies using the same database, this study shows a 7.57\% improvement in diagnostic accuracy for the All vs All comparison.}, urldate = {2024-01-14}, journal = {Biomedical Signal Processing and Control}, author = {Ribeiro, Pedro and Marques, João Alexandre Lobo and Pordeus, Daniel and Zacarias, Laíla and Leite, Camila Ferreira and Sobreira-Neto, Manoel Alves and Peixoto, Arnaldo Aires and de Oliveira, Adriel and Madeiro, João Paulo do Vale and Rodrigues, Pedro Miguel}, month = jan, year = {2024}, keywords = {Accuracy, COVID-19, ECG signals, Machine learning classifiers, Non-linear analysis, –}, pages = {105558}, } @incollection{pordeus_classification_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Classification of {Severity} of {COVID}-19 {Patients} {Based} on the {Heart} {Rate} {Variability}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_10}, abstract = {The continuous development of robust machine learning algorithms in recent years has helped to improve the solutions of many studies in many fields of medicine, rapid diagnosis and detection of high-risk patients with poor prognosis as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads globally, and also early prevention of patients and optimization of medical resources. Here, we propose a fully automated machine learning system to classify the severity of COVID-19 from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. We retrospectively collected 100 5-minute ECGs from 50 patients in two different positions, upright and supine. We processed the surface ECG to obtain QRS complexes and HRV indices for RR series, including a total of 43 features. We compared 19 machine learning classification algorithms that yielded different approaches explained in a methodology session.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Pordeus, Daniel and Ribeiro, Pedro and Zacarias, Laíla and Paulo Madeiro, João and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Miguel Rodrigues, Pedro and Leite, Camila and Alves Neto, Manoel and Aires Peixoto Jr, Arnaldo and de Oliveira, Adriel}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_10}, keywords = {COVID-19, Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices, Severity, Signal processing}, pages = {155--177}, } @inproceedings{pordeus_training_2023, address = {Cham}, series = {Lecture {Notes} in {Computer} {Science}}, title = {Training {Strategies} for {Covid}-19 {Severity} {Classification}}, isbn = {978-3-031-34953-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-34953-9_40}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant public health challenge on a global scale. It is imperative that we continue to undertake research in order to identify early markers of disease progression, enhance patient care through prompt diagnosis, identification of high-risk patients, early prevention, and efficient allocation of medical resources. In this particular study, we obtained 100 5-min electrocardiograms (ECGs) from 50 COVID-19 volunteers in two different positions, namely upright and supine, who were categorized as either moderately or critically ill. We used classification algorithms to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) metrics derived from the ECGs of the volunteers with the goal of predicting the severity of illness. Our study choose a configuration pro SVC that achieved 76\% of accuracy, and 0.84 on F1 Score in predicting the severity of Covid-19 based on HRV metrics.}, language = {en}, booktitle = {Bioinformatics and {Biomedical} {Engineering}}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, author = {Pordeus, Daniel and Ribeiro, Pedro and Zacarias, Laíla and de Oliveira, Adriel and Marques, João Alexandre Lobo and Rodrigues, Pedro Miguel and Leite, Camila and Neto, Manoel Alves and Peixoto, Arnaldo Aires and do Vale Madeiro, João Paulo}, editor = {Rojas, Ignacio and Valenzuela, Olga and Rojas Ruiz, Fernando and Herrera, Luis Javier and Ortuño, Francisco}, year = {2023}, keywords = {COVID-19, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), disease severity classification, signal processing}, pages = {514--527}, } @incollection{motta_covid-19_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {{COVID}-19 {Classification} {Using} {CT} {Scans} with {Convolutional} {Neural} {Networks}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_7}, abstract = {Even with more than 12 billion vaccine doses administered globally, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused several global economic, social, environmental, and healthcare impacts. Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) systems can serve as a complementary method to aid doctors in identifying regions of interest in images and help detect diseases. In addition, these systems can help doctors analyze the status of the disease and check for their progress or regression. To analyze the viability of using CNNs for differentiating Covid-19 CT positive images from Covid-19 CT negative images, we used a dataset collected by Union Hospital (HUST-UH) and Liyuan Hospital (HUST-LH) and made available at the Kaggle platform. The main objective of this chapter is to present results from applying two state-of-the-art CNNs on a Covid-19 CT Scan images database to evaluate the possibility of differentiating images with imaging features associated with Covid-19 pneumonia from images with imaging features irrelevant to Covid-19 pneumonia. Two pre-trained neural networks, ResNet50 and MobileNet, were fine-tuned for the datasets under analysis. Both CNNs obtained promising results, with the ResNet50 network achieving a Precision of 0.97, a Recall of 0.96, an F1-score of 0.96, and 39 false negatives. The MobileNet classifier obtained a Precision of 0.94, a Recall of 0.94, an F1-score of 0.94, and a total of 20 false negatives.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-11}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Motta, Pedro Crosara and Cesar Cortez, Paulo and Lobo Marques, Jao Alexandre}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_7}, pages = {99--116}, } @misc{motta_automatic_2022, address = {Florianópolis}, type = {Conference}, title = {Automatic {Classification} {System} for {Subjects} {Exposed} to {Short}-{Term} {Stress} {Based} on {Facial} {Expression} {Analysis} and {ElectroDermal} {Activity}}, author = {Motta, P. and Silva, B. and Furtado, F. and Lobo Marques, J. A.}, year = {2022}, } @book{marques_predictive_2021, series = {{SpringerBriefs} in {Applied} {Sciences} and {Technology}}, title = {Predictive {Models} for {Decision} {Support} in the {COVID}-19 {Crisis}}, isbn = {978-3-030-61912-1}, url = {https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030619121}, abstract = {COVID-19 has hit the world unprepared, as the deadliest pandemic of the century. Governments and authorities, as leaders and decision makers fighting the virus, enormously tap into the power of artificial intelligence and its predictive models for urgent decision support. This book showcases a collection of important predictive models that used during the pandemic, and discusses and compares their efficacy and limitations. Readers from both healthcare industries and academia can gain unique insights on how predictive models were designed and applied on epidemic data. Taking COVID19 as a case study and showcasing the lessons learnt, this book will enable readers to be better prepared in the event of virus epidemics or pandemics in the future.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-01-29}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Marques, João Alexandre Lobo and Gois, Francisco Nauber Bernardo and Xavier-Neto, Jose and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2021}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-61913-8}, } @incollection{lobo_marques_exploratory_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Exploratory {Data} {Analysis} on {Clinical} and {Emotional} {Parameters} of {Pregnant} {Women} with {COVID}-19 {Symptoms}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_11}, abstract = {The scientific literature indicates that pregnant women with COVID-19 are at an increased risk for developing more severe illness conditions when compared with non-pregnant women. The risk of admission to an ICU (Intensive Care Unit) and the need for mechanical ventilator support is three times higher. More significantly, statistics indicate that these patients are also at 70\% increased risk of evolving to severe states or even death. In addition, other previous illnesses and age greater than 35 years old increase the risk for the mother and the fetus, including a higher number of cesarean sections, higher systolic and diastolic maternal blood pressure, increasing the risk of eclampsia, and, in some cases, preterm birth. Additionally, pregnant women have more Emotional lability/fluctuations (between positive and negative feelings) during the entire pregnancy. The emotional instability and brain fog that takes place during gestation may open vulnerability for neuropsychiatric symptoms of long COVID, which this population was not studied in depth. The present Chapter characterizes the database presented in this work with clinical and survey data collected about emotions and feelings using the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences—Impact Survey (COPE-IS). Pregnant women with or without COVID-19 symptoms who gave birth at the Assis Chateaubriand Maternity Hospital (MEAC), a public maternity of the Federal University of Ceara, Brazil, were recruited. In total, 72 mother-infant dyads were included in the study and are considered in this exploratory analysis. The participants have undergone serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection and a nasopharyngeal swab test for COVID-19 diagnoses by RT-PCR. A comprehensive Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is performed using frequency distribution analysis of multiple types of variables generated from numerical data, multiple-choice, categorized, and Likert-scale questions.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Macedo, Danielle S. and Motta, Pedro and dos Santos Silva, Bruno Riccelli and Carvalho, Francisco Herlanio Costa and Kehdi, Renata Castro and Cavalcante, Letícia Régia Lima and da Silva Viana, Marylane and Lós, Deniele and Fiorenza, Natália Gindri}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_11}, pages = {179--209}, } @book{lobo_marques_computerized_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, isbn = {978-3-031-30787-4 978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1}, keywords = {Artificial Intelligence, Biofeedback, Computerized Diagnostic Support, Covid-19, Signal and Image Processing}, } @incollection{lobo_marques_technology_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Technology {Developments} to {Face} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}: {Advances}, {Challenges}, and {Trends}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, shorttitle = {Technology {Developments} to {Face} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_1}, abstract = {The global pandemic triggered by the Corona Virus Disease firstly detected in 2019 (COVID-19), entered the fourth year with many unknown aspects that need to be continuously studied by the medical and academic communities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), until January 2023, more than 650 million cases were officially accounted (with probably much more non tested cases) with 6,656,601 deaths officially linked to the COVID-19 as plausible root cause. In this Chapter, an overview of some relevant technical aspects related to the COVID-19 pandemic is presented, divided in three parts. First, the advances are highlighted, including the development of new technologies in different areas such as medical devices, vaccines, and computerized system for medical support. Second, the focus is on relevant challenges, including the discussion on how computerized diagnostic supporting systems based on Artificial Intelligence are in fact ready to effectively help on clinical processes, from the perspective of the model proposed by NASA, Technology Readiness Levels (TRL). Finally, two trends are presented with increased necessity of computerized systems to deal with the Long Covid and the interest on Precision Medicine digital tools. Analyzing these three aspects (advances, challenges, and trends) may provide a broader understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of Computerized Diagnostic Support Systems.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_1}, pages = {1--13}, } @book{lobo_marques_epidemic_2022, address = {Cham, Switzerland}, title = {Epidemic analytics for decision supports in {COVID19} crisis}, isbn = {978-3-030-95281-5 978-3-030-95280-8}, url = {https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-95281-5#about-this-book}, abstract = {Covid-19 has hit the world unprepared, as the deadliest pandemic of the century. Governments and authorities, as leaders and decision makers fighting against the virus, enormously tap on the power of AI and its data analytics models for urgent decision supports at the greatest efforts, ever seen from human history. This book showcases a collection of important data analytics models that were used during the epidemic, and discusses and compares their efficacy and limitations. Readers who from both healthcare industries and academia can gain unique insights on how data analytics models were designed and applied on epidemic data. Taking Covid-19 as a case study, readers especially those who are working in similar fields, would be better prepared in case a new wave of virus epidemic may arise again in the near future.}, language = {eng}, publisher = {Springer}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon}, year = {2022}, } @misc{lobo_marques_intelligent_2023, address = {Chongqin, China}, type = {Conference}, title = {Intelligent {Data} {Fusion} {System} for {Assessing} and {Classifying} the {Long}-{Term} {Effects} of {Exposure} to {COVID}-19 in {Pregnancy} ({Long} {Covid}): {Associated} {Neurophysiological} and {Epigenetic} {Mechanisms} and {Consequences} for {Infant} {Development}}, author = {Lobo Marques, J. A.}, month = may, year = {2023}, } @misc{lobo_marques_iot-based_2022, address = {Zhejiang, China}, type = {Symposium}, title = {{IoT}-based smart health system for ambulatory maternal and fetal monitoring}, author = {Lobo Marques, J. A.}, month = aug, year = {2022}, } @article{khatoon_quality_2022, title = {Quality of life during the pandemic: a cross sectional study about attitude, individual perspective and behavior change affecting general population in daily life}, shorttitle = {Quality of life during the pandemic}, url = {https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/icp.2023.0596}, doi = {10.1049/icp.2023.0596}, abstract = {Quality of life in general population before and during pandemic is topic need to be address by researcher in terms of mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The study was carried out among Saudi population. Data were collected from general population using questionnaire during the period from 22 August 2021 to 10th January 2022. As a result, total 214 participants have included in this study. Among them prevalent age group include 40 years (n= 63, 29.4\%) shadowed by the age group 25-35 (n= 61, 28.5\%) while above 60 years group were least frequent (n= 1, 0.5\%). On questioning the applicants whether they were satisfied with their health and how would they rate their quality of life, their answers were as follows: yes, or satisfied (n= 86, 40.2\%), very Satisfied (n= 102, 47.7\%) Dissatisfied (n= 11, 5.1\%) and neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (n= 15, 7\%). Due to pandemic, they were rate quality of life very good (n= 94, 43.9\%), good (n= 63, 29.4 \%) poor (n= 5, 2.3 \%) and neither good and nor poor (n= 52, 24.3 \%). During pandemic 96 participants feel no change in their weight but 110 participants respond that there is increase in coffee intake during the pandemic. Similarly increased in smoking habits and decrease rate in social activities (n=119,41.4\%). The psychosomatic well-being of people has been interrupted by disturbing their social activities during pandemic.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, author = {Khatoon, F. and Kumar, M. and Khalid, A. A. and Alshammari, A. D. and Khan, F. and Alshammari, R. D. and Balouch, Z. and Verma, D. and Mishra, P. and Abotaleb, M. and Makarovskikh, T. and El-kenawy, E. M. and Dutta, P. K. and Marques, J. A.}, month = jan, year = {2022}, note = {Publisher: IET Digital Library}, pages = {379--383}, } @inproceedings{guilherme_cunha_santos_exploring_2023, title = {Exploring {EEG} {Signal} {Features} for {Predicting} {Post} {Cardiac} {Arrest} {Prognosis}}, url = {https://www.cinc.org/archives/2023/pdf/CinC2023-312.pdf}, doi = {10.22489/CinC.2023.312}, urldate = {2024-01-14}, author = {Guilherme Cunha Santos, Antonio and Alexandre Lobo Marques, Joao and Rigo Jr., Luis and Paulo Madeiro, João}, month = nov, year = {2023}, } @incollection{gois_malaria_2023, address = {Cham}, series = {Studies in {Computational} {Intelligence}}, title = {Malaria {Blood} {Smears} {Object} {Detection} {Based} on {Convolutional} {DCGAN} and {CNN} {Deep} {Learning} {Architectures}}, isbn = {978-3-031-12127-2}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12127-2_14}, abstract = {Fast and efficient malaria diagnostics are essential in efforts to detect and treat the disease in a proper time. The standard approach to diagnose malaria is a microscope exam, which is submitted to a subjective interpretation. Thus, the automating of the diagnosis process with the use of an intelligent system capable of recognizing malaria parasites could aid in the early treatment of the disease. Usually, laboratories capture a minimum set of images in low quality using a system of microscopes based on mobile devices. Due to the poor quality of such data, conventional algorithms do not process those images properly. This paper presents the application of deep learning techniques to improve the accuracy of malaria plasmodium detection in the presented context. In order to increase the number of training sets, deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN) were used to generate reliable training data that were introduced in our deep learning model to improve accuracy. A total of 6 experiments were performed and a synthesized dataset of 2.200 images was generated by the DCGAN for the training phase. For a real image database with 600 blood smears with malaria plasmodium, the proposed Deep Learning architecture obtained the accuracy of 100\% for the plasmodium detection. The results are promising and the solution could be employed to support a mass medical diagnosis system.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-03-22}, booktitle = {Computer and {Information} {Science}}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Gois, Francisco Nauber Bernardo and Marques, João Alexandre Lobo and de Oliveira Dantas, Allberson Bruno and Santos, Márcio Costa and Neto, José Valdir Santiago and de Macêdo, José Antônio Fernandes and Du, Wencai and Li, Ye}, editor = {Lee, Roger}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-12127-2_14}, pages = {197--212}, } @incollection{dos_santos_silva_x-ray_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {X-{Ray} {Machine} {Learning} {Classification} with {VGG}-16 for {Feature} {Extraction}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_5}, abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic evidenced the need Computer Aided Diagnostic Systems to analyze medical images, such as CT and MRI scans and X-rays, to assist specialists in disease diagnosis. CAD systems have been shown to be effective at detecting COVID-19 in chest X-ray and CT images, with some studies reporting high levels of accuracy and sensitivity. Moreover, it can also detect some diseases in patients who may not have symptoms, preventing the spread of the virus. There are some types of CAD systems, such as Machine and Deep Learning-based and Transfer learning-based. This chapter proposes a pipeline for feature extraction and classification of Covid-19 in X-ray images using transfer learning for feature extraction with VGG-16 CNN and machine learning classifiers. Five classifiers were evaluated: Accuracy, Specificity, Sensitivity, Geometric mean, and Area under the curve. The SVM Classifier presented the best performance metrics for Covid-19 classification, achieving 90\% accuracy, 97.5\% of Specificity, 82.5\% of Sensitivity, 89.6\% of Geometric mean, and 90\% for the AUC metric. On the other hand, the Nearest Centroid (NC) classifier presented poor sensitivity and geometric mean results, achieving 33.9\% and 54.07\%, respectively.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {dos Santos Silva, Bruno Riccelli and Cortez, Paulo Cesar and da Silva Neto, Manuel Gonçalves and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_5}, pages = {65--78}, } @incollection{dos_santos_silva_lung_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Lung {Segmentation} of {Chest} {X}-{Rays} {Using} {Unet} {Convolutional} {Networks}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_2}, abstract = {The gold standard to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection consider testing methods based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Still, the time necessary to confirm patient infection can be lengthy, and the process is expensive. On the other hand, X-Ray and CT scans play a vital role in the auxiliary diagnosis process. Hence, a trusted automated technique for identifying and quantifying the infected lung regions would be advantageous. Chest X-rays are two-dimensional images of the patient’s chest and provide lung morphological information and other characteristics, like ground-glass opacities (GGO), horizontal linear opacities, or consolidations, which are characteristics of pneumonia caused by COVID-19. But before the computerized diagnostic support system can classify a medical image, a segmentation task should usually be performed to identify relevant areas to be analyzed and reduce the risk of noise and misinterpretation caused by other structures eventually present in the images. This chapter presents an AI-based system for lung segmentation in X-ray images using a U-net CNN model. The system’s performance was evaluated using metrics such as cross-entropy, dice coefficient, and Mean IoU on unseen data. Our study divided the data into training and evaluation sets using an 80/20 train-test split method. The training set was used to train the model, and the evaluation test set was used to evaluate the performance of the trained model. The results of the evaluation showed that the model achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 95\%, Cross entropy of 97\%, and Mean IoU of 86\%.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {dos Santos Silva, Bruno Riccelli and Cesar Cortez, Paulo and Gomes Aguiar, Rafael and Rodrigues Ribeiro, Tulio and Pereira Teixeira, Alexandre and Bernardo Gois, Francisco Nauber and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_2}, pages = {15--28}, } @incollection{dos_santos_silva_covid-19_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Covid-19 {Detection} {Based} on {Chest} {X}-{Ray} {Images} {Using} {Multiple} {Transfer} {Learning} {CNN} {Models}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_4}, abstract = {The gold standard to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection considers testing methods based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Still, the time necessary to confirm patient infection can be lengthy, and the process is expensive. In parallel, X-Ray and CT scans play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment processes. Hence, a trusted automated technique for identifying and quantifying the infected lung regions would be advantageous. Chest X-rays are two-dimensional images of the patient’s chest and provide lung morphological information and other characteristics, like ground-glass opacities (GGO), horizontal linear opacities, or consolidations, which are typical characteristics of pneumonia caused by COVID-19. This chapter presents an AI-based system using multiple Transfer Learning models for COVID-19 classification using Chest X-Rays. In our experimental design, all the classifiers demonstrated satisfactory accuracy, precision, recall, and specificity performance. On the one hand, the Mobilenet architecture outperformed the other CNNs, achieving excellent results for the evaluated metrics. On the other hand, Squeezenet presented a regular result in terms of recall. In medical diagnosis, false negatives can be particularly harmful because a false negative can lead to patients being incorrectly diagnosed as healthy. These results suggest that our Deep Learning classifiers can accurately classify X-ray exams as normal or indicative of COVID-19 with high confidence.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {dos Santos Silva, Bruno Riccelli and Cesar Cortez, Paulo and Crosara Motta, Pedro and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_4}, pages = {45--63}, } @article{cavalcante_sudden_2023, title = {Sudden cardiac death multiparametric classification system for {Chagas} heart disease's patients based on clinical data and 24-hours {ECG} monitoring}, volume = {20}, copyright = {2023 The Author(s)}, issn = {1551-0018}, url = {http://www.aimspress.com/rticle/doi/10.3934/mbe.2023402}, doi = {10.3934/mbe.2023402}, abstract = {{\textless}abstract{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}About 6.5 million people are infected with Chagas disease (CD) globally, and WHO estimates that \$ \> million people worldwide suffer from ChHD. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide and affects approximately 65\% of ChHD patients at a rate of 24 per 1000 patient-years, much greater than the SCD rate in the general population. Its occurrence in the specific context of ChHD needs to be better exploited. This paper provides the first evidence supporting the use of machine learning (ML) methods within non-invasive tests: patients' clinical data and cardiac restitution metrics (CRM) features extracted from ECG-Holter recordings as an adjunct in the SCD risk assessment in ChHD. The feature selection (FS) flows evaluated 5 different groups of attributes formed from patients' clinical and physiological data to identify relevant attributes among 57 features reported by 315 patients at HUCFF-UFRJ. The FS flow with FS techniques (variance, ANOVA, and recursive feature elimination) and Naive Bayes (NB) model achieved the best classification performance with 90.63\% recall (sensitivity) and 80.55\% AUC. The initial feature set is reduced to a subset of 13 features (4 Classification; 1 Treatment; 1 CRM; and 7 Heart Tests). The proposed method represents an intelligent diagnostic support system that predicts the high risk of SCD in ChHD patients and highlights the clinical and CRM data that most strongly impact the final outcome.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}/abstract{\textgreater}}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2023-03-21}, journal = {Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering}, author = {Cavalcante, Carlos H. L. and Primo, Pedro E. O. and Sales, Carlos A. F. and Caldas, Weslley L. and Silva, João H. M. and Souza, Amauri H. and Marinho, Emmanuel S. and Pedrosa, Roberto C. and Marques, João A. L. and Santos, Hélcio S. and Madeiro, João P. V. and Cavalcante, Carlos H. L. and Primo, Pedro E. O. and Sales, Carlos A. F. and Caldas, Weslley L. and Silva, João H. M. and Souza, Amauri H. and Marinho, Emmanuel S. and Pedrosa, Roberto C. and Marques, João A. L. and Santos, Hélcio S. and Madeiro, João P. V.}, year = {2023}, note = {Cc\_license\_type: cc\_by Number: mbe-20-05-402 Primary\_atype: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering Subject\_term: Research article Subject\_term\_id: Research article}, pages = {9159--9178}, } @incollection{caldas_noise_2023, address = {Cham}, series = {Studies in {Computational} {Intelligence}}, title = {Noise {Detection} and {Classification} in {Chagasic} {ECG} {Signals} {Based} on {One}-{Dimensional} {Convolutional} {Neural} {Networks}}, isbn = {978-3-031-12127-2}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12127-2_8}, abstract = {Continuous cardiac monitoring has been increasingly adopted to prevent heart diseases, especially the case of Chagas disease, a chronic condition that can degrade the heart condition, leading to sudden cardiac death. Unfortunately, a common challenge for these systems is the low-quality and high level of noise in ECG signal collection. Also, generic techniques to assess the ECG quality can discard useful information in these so-called chagasic ECG signals. To mitigate this issue, this work proposes a 1D CNN network to assess the quality of the ECG signal for chagasic patients and compare it to the state of art techniques. Segments of 10 s were extracted from 200 1-lead ECG Holter signals. Different feature extractions were considered such as morphological fiducial points, interval duration, and statistical features, aiming to classify 400 segments into four signal quality types: Acceptable ECG, Non-ECG, Wandering Baseline (WB), and AC Interference (ACI) segments. The proposed CNN architecture achieves a \$\$0.90 {\textbackslash}pm 0.02\$\$accuracy in the multi-classification experiment and also \$\$0.94 {\textbackslash}pm 0.01\$\$when considering only acceptable ECG against the other three classes. Also, we presented a complementary experiment showing that, after removing noisy segments, we improved morphological recognition (based on QRS wave) by 33\% of the entire ECG data. The proposed noise detector may be applied as a useful tool for pre-processing chagasic ECG signals.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-08-01}, booktitle = {Computer and {Information} {Science}}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Caldas, Weslley Lioba and do Vale Madeiro, João Paulo and Pedrosa, Roberto Coury and Gomes, João Paulo Pordeus and Du, Wencai and Marques, João Alexandre Lobo}, editor = {Lee, Roger}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-12127-2_8}, keywords = {Chagas disease, Deep learning, ECG quality assessment}, pages = {117--129}, } @incollection{bernardo_gois_classification_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Classification of {COVID}-19 {CT} {Scans} {Using} {Convolutional} {Neural} {Networks} and {Transformers}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_6}, abstract = {COVID-19 is a respiratory disorder caused by CoronaVirus and SARS (SARS-CoV2). WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020 and several nations’ healthcare systems were on the verge of collapsing. With that, became crucial to screen COVID-19-positive patients to maximize limited resources. NAATs and antigen tests are utilized to diagnose COVID-19 infections. NAATs reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 and seldom produce false-negative results. Because of its specificity and sensitivity, RT-PCR can be considered the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. This test’s complex gear is pricey and time-consuming, using skilled specialists to collect throat or nasal mucus samples. These tests require laboratory facilities and a machine for detection and analysis. Deep learning networks have been used for feature extraction and classification of Chest CT-Scan images and as an innovative detection approach in clinical practice. Because of COVID-19 CT scans’ medical characteristics, the lesions are widely spread and display a range of local aspects. Using deep learning to diagnose directly is difficult. In COVID-19, a Transformer and Convolutional Neural Network module are presented to extract local and global information from CT images. This chapter explains transfer learning, considering VGG-16 network, in CT examinations and compares convolutional networks with Vision Transformers (ViT). Vit usage increased VGG-16 network F1-score to 0.94.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Bernardo Gois, Francisco Nauber and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_6}, pages = {79--97}, } @incollection{bernardo_gois_tpot_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {{TPOT} {Automated} {Machine} {Learning} {Approach} for {Multiple} {Diagnostic} {Classification} of {Lung} {Radiography} and {Feature} {Extraction}}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_8}, abstract = {This chapter describes an AUTO-ML strategy to detect COVID on chest X-rays utilizing Transfer Learning feature extraction and the AutoML TPOT framework in order to identify lung illnesses (such as COVID or pneumonia). MobileNet is a lightweight network that uses depthwise separable convolution to deepen the network while decreasing parameters and computation. AutoML is a revolutionary concept of automated machine learning (AML) that automates the process of building an ML pipeline inside a constrained computing framework. The term “AutoML” can mean a number of different things depending on context. AutoML has risen to prominence in both the business world and the academic community thanks to the ever-increasing capabilities of modern computers. Python Optimised ML Pipeline (TPOT) is a Python-based ML tool that optimizes pipeline efficiency via genetic programming. We use TPOT builds models for extracted MobileNet network features from COVID-19 image data. The f1-score of 0.79 classifies Normal, Viral Pneumonia, and Lung Opacity.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Bernardo Gois, Francisco Nauber and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_8}, pages = {117--135}, } @incollection{bernardo_gois_segmentation_2023, address = {Cham}, title = {Segmentation of {CT}-{Scan} {Images} {Using} {UNet} {Network} for {Patients} {Diagnosed} with {COVID}-19}, isbn = {978-3-031-30788-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_3}, abstract = {The use of computational tools for medical image processing are promising tools to effectively detect COVID-19 as an alternative to expensive and time-consuming RT-PCR tests. For this specific task, CXR (Chest X-Ray) and CCT (Chest CT Scans) are the most common examinations to support diagnosis through radiology analysis. With these images, it is possible to support diagnosis and determine the disease’s severity stage. Computerized COVID-19 quantification and evaluation require an efficient segmentation process. Essential tasks for automatic segmentation tools are precisely identifying the lungs, lobes, bronchopulmonary segments, and infected regions or lesions. Segmented areas can provide handcrafted or self-learned diagnostic criteria for various applications. This Chapter presents different techniques applied for Chest CT Scans segmentation, considering the state of the art of UNet networks to segment COVID-19 CT scans and a segmentation experiment for network evaluation. Along 200 epochs, a dice coefficient of 0.83 was obtained.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-10}, booktitle = {Computerized {Systems} for {Diagnosis} and {Treatment} of {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, author = {Bernardo Gois, Francisco Nauber and Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre}, editor = {Lobo Marques, Joao Alexandre and Fong, Simon James}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-30788-1_3}, pages = {29--44}, } @incollection{bernardo_gois_predictive_2021, title = {Predictive models to the {COVID}-19}, isbn = {978-0-12-824536-1}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012824536100023X}, abstract = {Following the World Health Organization proclaims a pandemic due to a disease that originated in China and advances rapidly across the globe, studies to predict the behavior of epidemics have become increasingly popular, mainly related to COVID-19. The critical point of these studies is to discuss the disease's behavior and the progression of the virus's natural course. However, the prediction of the actual number of infected people has proved to be a difficult task, due to a wide range of factors, such as mass testing, social isolation, underreporting of cases, among others. Therefore, the objective of this work is to understand the behavior of COVID-19 in the state of Ceará to forecast the total number of infected people and to aid in government decisions to control the outbreak of the virus and minimize social impacts and economics caused by the pandemic. So, to understand the behavior of COVID-19, this work discusses some forecast techniques using machine learning, logistic regression, filters, and epidemiologic models. Also, this work brings a new approach to the problem, bringing together data from Ceará with those from China, generating a hybrid dataset, and providing promising results. Finally, this work still compares the different approaches and techniques presented, opening opportunities for future discussions on the topic. The study obtains predictions with R2 score of 0.99 to short-term predictions and 0.93 to long-term predictions.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-05-26}, booktitle = {Data {Science} for {COVID}-19}, publisher = {Academic Press}, author = {Bernardo Gois, Francisco Nauber and Lima, Alex and Santos, Khennedy and Oliveira, Ramses and Santiago, Valdir and Melo, Saulo and Costa, Rafael and Oliveira, Marcelo and Henrique, Francisco das Chagas Douglas Marques and Neto, José Xavier and Martins Rodrigues Sobrinho, Carlos Roberto and Lôbo Marques, João Alexandre}, editor = {Kose, Utku and Gupta, Deepak and de Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. and Khanna, Ashish}, month = jan, year = {2021}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-824536-1.00023-X}, keywords = {COVID-19, Forecast, Holt Winters, Kalman filter, Machine learning, Prophet, SEIR}, pages = {1--24}, }