博物館體驗如何影響本地參觀者重遊博物館的意願? - Leong, Si Man (2024)
近年來，博物館的休閒、教育、娛樂功能等日益重要，其對文化教育的貢 獻也越來越受到博物館參觀者的認可。相關的文獻大多數探討於博物館的服務 質量與參觀者參觀博物館體驗的滿意度之間的關係。目前，以參觀者的博物館 體驗如何影響他們重遊博物館的專門論述或深入研究並不多。因此，本研究的 研究目的是以博物館的體驗為中心，探討哪些因素會影響參觀者參觀博物館的 體驗，以及這些因素如何影響參觀者對博物館的重遊意願。本研究以篩選的方 式隨機抽查了 10 位參觀過博物館體驗的參觀者進行半結構式訪談(Semi- structured interview)，深入地了解受訪者的博物館體驗以及影響他們重遊博物 館的因素等問題，並以文獻及理論為基礎探討參觀者在參觀博物館過程會影響 他們的因素。採訪會在博物館附近進行，並採用深度定性訪談法(In-depth qualitative interview)，研究對象為澳門的本地參觀者。

SPATIAL CLUSTERS HEALTH CENTER AS INTEGRATED COMMUNITY SPACE - Wu, Chu Ying (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Traditional healthcare typically focuses on the treatment of illness and medical consultations (TAHIRU, 2021). However, new generations of health centers are moving beyond this traditional model. Nowadays, it has shifted to prioritizing preventive care, such as wellness programs, fitness classes, mental health support services and leisure activities to promote healthy lifestyles (Marizahn, 2020). Hence, this research focuses on exploring how an integrated health center approach could address the mental health challenges of youth in Macao.

Canonical History of the Macao Firecracker Industry in the 20th Century (1920s-1970s) (2024)
In the first half of the 20th century, Macao’s three traditional handicraft industries were: making matches, firecrackers, and incense, and these three became important pillars of Macao's economy. These industries were supported by four other industries, namely: shipbuilding, wine, printing and the clothing that are integral to understanding the history of Macao. The purpose of this research has been to document the importance of Macao's seven traditional industries, in particular the firecracker factories with special reference to the Yick Loong factory. This dissertation makes a significance contribution to the subject of the historical development of Macao’s traditional handicraft industries in reviewing each of the traditional industries and in particular detailing the Yick Loong factories operations and the understanding of the local Macao people to the past importance of this operation. These industries need to be discussed so that society can have a deeper understanding of the importance of them, as up to now they have been little explored. So, by visiting the location of the Yick Loong Firecracker Factory, gathering knowledge, and conducting in-depth research and in books and through a survey about the Macao firecracker business, the author has been able to show that there appears to be limited understanding of the significance of the firecracker industry in Macao. Though, people most recall the Yick Loong factory’s name when prompted about naming a firecracker factory in Macao and associate firecrackers with the Lunar New Year celebrations. However, they seem to have limited understanding of the significance of the firecrackers to Macao, except for childhood memories of them being released.

“LET’S READ TOGETHER”: SHARED PICTURE BOOK READING, CHILDREN’S EMOTIONAL COMPREHENSION AND PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP, A CASE STUDY WITH A GROUP OF NURSES IN MACAU - Cheong, Wai Lai (2024)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of parents engaging in dialogic reading with their children while reading picture books on children's emotional understanding and parent-child relationships. The study also attempted to investigate the potential of picture books as useful instruments for parent-child communication, fostering meaningful parent-child connection and augmenting children's emotional comprehension. The study lasted for 11 weeks. The initial three weeks were focused on a parent-child reading session specifically designed for mothers, and the next eight weeks consisted of a picture book reading program in the participants' homes. Convenience sampling was employed to choose 11 families for participation in the study. Throughout the 8-week reading program, families actively participated in parent-child picture book reading sessions at home, ensuring a minimum frequency of once per week. The study used a combination of multiple case studies and a case study-mixed methods design. The data collection process involved gathering quantitative data through various means, including administering primary background surveys, utilizing the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS), and employing the Children’s Emotional Development Scale. The qualitative data consisted of interviews conducted before the intervention and records documenting parental reading observations. The analysis methodologies used in this study encompassed thematic and content analysis, which involved combining qualitative and quantitative findings to facilitate comparison. The quantitative data analysis of the Child Emotional Development Scale revealed notable disparities in emotional cognition, comprehension, expression, and overall emotional competence scores between the initial and final examinations. Although the CPRS results did not reveal any notable disparities in family intimacy and conflict; it is worth noting that seven families had higher post-test scores in family intimacy, indicating that mothers perceived an improved level of closeness with their children. Qualitative data analysis revealed that through shared reading of picture books on various emotional themes, children learned more emotional vocabulary and engaged in deeper parent-child conversations beyond daily interactions. This increased children's opportunities for emotional expression and helped mothers better understand their children's emotional needs, reflect on their parenting skills, and foster parent-child interaction and communication. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the significant impact of engaging in dialogic parent-child picture book reading on emotional understanding in preschool children. Furthermore, it is believed to be a valuable parent-child interaction strategy for dual-income families in Macau, enhancing parent-child relationships.

Green Interludes - LANDSCAPES AS TRANSITION BETWEEN MIXED USE ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMES - Goh, Henri Racelis (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
As cities continue to grow at an unprecedented rate, the need for efficient land use becomes even more critical. Mixed Use Architecture is essential for modern cities because of its efficiency in using land that is prevalent in the rapid urbanization we are facing today. Mixed-use development offers numerous advantages for communities and serves as a crucial approach in attaining sustainable ecosystems (Woo and Cho, 2018). Land scarcity in Macau has made mixed-use architecture essential to city expansion. Mixed-use developments in Macau typically consist of combination of housing and commercial towers, casino and hotel complexes and office buildings. This has improved land use in the city. However, these developments, however, unappetizing living conditions resulting sick building syndrome to its residents. The research question identified and addressed in this study is: How can Mixed Use Architecture respond to the underlying problems Urbanisation has brought? Based on this question, this dissertation develops a new type prototype for mixed use architecture that to resolve the issues prevalent in the current mixed use architecture models using Macau as context for this prototype. This study challenges traditional architecture and uses innovative approaches stemming from biophilic strategies and industry leading green technologies that improve quality of life and the environment. This study proposes a novel solution to urbanization's problems such Sick Building Syndrome, high population density, and land scarcity. This dissertation suggests a space-efficient architecture to meet the needs of rising populations and land scarcity while prioritizing resident well-being.

Optimising User Experience in Game-Based Language Learning: Interface Design for Chinese and English Learners – App Prototype - Lin, Rongsi (2024)
In today's rapidly changing educational landscape, parents and children demand personalised, innovative, and engaging learning experiences beyond the standard curriculum. Modern education places a premium on igniting curiosity, encouraging critical thinking, and cultivating creativity. Collaborative learning between parents and children is critical for improving academic performance and strengthening relationships. This article discusses the "Yay Island" platform's game-based technique, which combines Mandarin Chinese and English in a multicultural and multilingual setting. Initial study shows that digital technologies dramatically increase children's motivation and interest when paired with peer and parent participation and game-based teaching, resulting in a pleasant learning environment. Further research demonstrates that collaborative and game-based learning and teaching improves motivation, respects individual differences, and strengthens parent-child connections. As a game, "Yay Island" uses integrated learning, child psychology concepts, modern educational methodologies, and user-centred design. It seeks to develop a collaborative learning environment and encourage growth in children, parents, and educators. The game emphasises knowledge, personal discovery, and innovation, laying the groundwork for children's growth and future competition. Through constant research and optimisation, "Yay Island" solves digital transformation concerns in education by providing personalised, efficient, and entertaining learning experiences.

VERTICAL POCKETS - HOUSING DESIGNED FOR SOCIAL ENCOUNTERS - Lei, Ka Hou (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Macau, as a densely populated city, has been facing a prominent challenge in fulfilling the rapidly growing demand for land due to its small geographical size. The limited availability of land exacerbates the conflict between urban development needs and land supply, leading to an imbalance in land resource allocation. This scarcity of land not only hinders the city's ability to meet its growing population's housing needs but also contributes to a lack of social space. The absence of adequate outdoor gathering areas and communal spaces has resulted in the fragmentation of communities and a fading sense of community in the society of Macau. As the urban environment undergoes relentless development, the social fabric of Macau is undergoing a transformation. Communities are becoming fragmented into smaller groups, and chance encounters and serendipitous social interactions are being neglected or excluded. Social events primarily take place within dedicated indoor spaces that cater to groups, further isolating different segments of the population due to the limited and subpar outdoor gathering space available. This dissertation aims to examine the possibility of developing a new housing prototype that could provoke connections between segregated communities. By introducing a combination of communal spaces and vertical circulation spaces, the design seeks to create opportunities for social interaction and the revitalisation of community bonds that could eventually fit into a hyperdense city. To achieve this, the dissertation will begin with a comprehensive site analysis of the site, considering both the physical constraints and the potential benefits for social space creation. Furthermore, the study will draw insights from relevant literature and architectural projects that have addressed relevant challenges, exploring effective strategies for fostering community engagement and creating inclusive social spaces. The design process will emphasise the integration of communal spaces that encourage spontaneous interactions and vertical circulation spaces that facilitate movement and connectivity between different community segments.

A Design Research Perspective on Exploring Interactive Augmented Reality Children's Illustration Books in Macau: Case Study - Macau Temple Legends - Liang, Shi Yue (2024)
This project represents a comprehensive study of an interactive picture book employing augmented reality (AR) technology, focusing on the narratives of the A-Ma Temple and Nezha Temple in Macau. The target audience comprises children aged 6-9 years to enhance their concentration on aesthetic development and deepen their understanding of Macau's historical and cultural heritage. The study resulted in the creating of a picture book that integrates an interactive AR experience, resulting in highly satisfactory user feedback. The findings suggest the potential for further development of interactive picture books as a valuable medium for disseminating Macanese culture. Future efforts should prioritise continuous attention to user feedback and the AR technology's stability to ensure the work's long-term effectiveness and impact.

FROM STREETS TO SHOPS: INTEGRATION OF STREETS AND THE MALL - Liang, Zi Jun (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Traditional malls often suffer from isolated and inward-focused designs that disconnect them from their urban surroundings, hindering pedestrian integration and community engagement. This dissertation addresses these issues by exploring the concept of integrating streets and malls to create a more cohesive and vibrant urban environment. The research examines contemporary architectural approaches that emphasize seamless connections between exterior streets and mall interiors, blurring the lines to foster social interaction and enhance walkability. Central to this study is an architectural design project that illustrates the practical application of these concepts. Through a detailed analysis of urban design principles and case studies of successful integrated malls, this research investigates the potential benefits and challenges of such integration. The design project provides a tangible example of how thoughtful interventions can activate public spaces, promote pedestrian flow, and cultivate a strong sense of place. The research highlights best practices and achievements in the area of integrated mall designs, offering valuable insights for urban planners, architects, and stakeholders involved in mall and urban space development. Findings suggest that integrating streets and malls can lead to improved community engagement and create more vibrant urban destinations that meet the specific needs and aspirations of the local community. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of how these designs can enhance urban vitality, iii pedestrian activity, and social interaction. Future research could focus on additional case studies or pilot projects to further implement and evaluate this approach in different contexts, providing practical insights and refining the understanding of its benefits and challenges. By reimagining the traditional mall structure and its relationship with the urban environment, this dissertation contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable and inclusive urban development, proposing strategies that make urban retail spaces more responsive to contemporary needs. 傳統購物中心常常受到孤立和內向設計的困擾，這些設計使它們與城市環境脫節，阻礙了行人融入和社區參與。本論文透過探索整合街道和購物中心的概念來解決這些問題，以創造一個更有凝聚力和活力的城市環境。該研究探討了當代的建築方法，強調外部街道和購物中心內部之間的無縫連接，模糊界限以促進社會互動並增強步行能力。這項研究的核心是一個建築設計項目，它說明了這些概念的實際應用。透過對城市設計原則的詳細分析和成功綜合購物中心的案例研究，本研究探討了這種整合的潛在好處和挑戰。這個設計計畫提供了一個具體的例子，說明深思熟慮的干預措施如何激活公共空間、促進人流並培養強烈的地方感。該研究重點介紹了綜合購物中心設計領域的最佳實踐和成就，為參與購物中心和城市空間開發的城市規劃者、建築師和利益相關者提供了寶貴的見解。研究結果表明，整合街道和購物中心可以提高社區參與度，創造更有活力的城市目的地，滿足當地社區的特定需求和願望。這項研究對這些設計如何增強城市活力、行人活動和社會互動進行了全面分析。未來的研究可以專注於其他案例研究或試點項目，以在不同的背景下進一步實施和評估這種方法，提供實用的見解並加深對其好處和挑戰的理解。透過重新構想傳統的購物中心結構及其與城市環境的關係，本論文為可持續和包容性城市發展的持續討論做出了貢獻，提出了使城市零售空間更能滿足當代需求的策略。

A Narrative Study on the Professional Development of Inclusive Teachers of Preschools in Macao - Hong, Sut Mui (2024)
The purpose of this study is to understand the problems and experiences of Macao's regular classroom pre-school teachers in teaching and counseling children with special needs, in order to further explore the professional growth and development process of regular classroom pre-school teachers in the orientation of integrated education. This study adopts a qualitative narrative research methodology, using semi-structured in-depth interviews and textual data collected from the research participants' research journals and teaching diaries to analyze the stories related to the three preschool teachers in the educational field, and according to the results of the data analysis were as following: 1. The professional growth and development of the three teachers in pre-school integration, from novice teachers to professional teachers, need to go through a long period of exploration and adaptation, where teachers continue to refine their professional knowledge and teaching skills to cope with the challenges of problems in the education process, but the progression from professional to expert teachers is affected by both internal and external factors, that teachers are unable to make the transition into it. 2. The three teachers' dilemmas are at different stages. It was found that among the four major dilemmas faced by the teachers, there were teaching, classroom management, support system and professional knowledge in IE, and among them, the support system and professional knowledge in IE were the ones that the teachers considered the most desirable to get in order to have good conditions for implementing IE in ordinary classes. 3. This study suggests that teachers need to be able to adapt their mindset to face different challenges at work. Active Enhancement of IE Knowledge to Cope with Various Educational Issues; schools should assist teachers in the implementation of IE and act as a bridge between parents and teachers. Define the development intention of the school so as to establish a clear direction and avoid internal confusion; government needs to consider the extension of the policy to safeguard the learning rights of Pupils with Special Educational Needs (Pupils with Special Educational Needs). Promote the concept of IE in the community so that it can be widely recognized by the public, thereby gaining more support. There must be a comprehensive training and continuous growth and development for IE Teachers, in order to establish a clear and standardized curriculum. Organize cross-school professional exchanges for qualified IE teachers to enhance their professional knowledge. 本研究旨在透過瞭解澳門普通班學前教師對特殊需要幼兒教學與輔導的問題與經驗，以進一步探討普通班學前教師融合教育導向的專業發展歷程。 本研究採用質性敘事研究方法，使用半結構式深度訪談，並透過研究參與者的研究日記、教學日誌等蒐集文本資料，分析三位學前教師在教育現場內的相關故事，根據資料分析結果發現如下： 一、三位教師的學前融合專業成長發展，從新手型教師到專業型教師需要經歷一段漫長的時間探索和適應，在此教師持續精進自己的專業知識和教學技能，以應對教育過程中的問題挑戰，但從專業型教師到專家型教師這個進階過程受到內在和外在的因素影響，因此，教師雖然初現這階段的特質，但未具備相應的專業力能。 二、通過三位教師不同階段的困境問題發現，所面對的四大困境中，包括有教 學方面、班級管理方面、支援系統方面和融合教育專業知能方面，而當中 支援系統和融合教育專業知能方面是教師認為最希望獲得的支持，才能讓 教師擁有良好的條件在普通班中實施融合教育。 三、本研究建議，教師需要懂得調適心態，以面對工作上的不同挑戰。積極增 進融合教育知能，以應對各類的教育問題；學校方面應協助教師開展融合 教育的工作，做好家長與教師的橋樑。明確學校的發展意向，從而建立清 晰的目標走向，避免造成內部混亂；政府方面需要考量政策的延伸性，以 保障普特幼兒的學習權益。將融合教育的理念推進社區，讓大眾廣泛認 識，從而獲得更多的支持力。建立明確標準化的融合教育教師培育模式， 使融合教育教師的培育過程有着全面性和連續性的成長發展。組織合資格 的融合教育教師跨校專業交流，以提升教師專業知能。

THE MEDIATION EFFECT OF BURNOUT ON SELF EFFICACY AND JOB SATISFACTION FOR SOCIAL WORK IN MACAU - Wong, Kit Ieng (2024)
In many studies of social workers, topics such as burnout and job satisfaction are relatively frequently studied and discussed. There are even fewer relevant studies on social workers in Macau. Therefore, research on self-efficacy, burnout, and job satisfaction among social workers in Macau will be a relatively new research topic. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether and to what extent job burnout mediates the effects of self-efficacy and job satisfaction. We explored the relationships between: (1) the positive relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction; (2) the negative relationship between self-efficacy and burnout; (3) the negative relationship between burnout and job satisfaction; and (4) burnout has a mediation effect in the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Quantitative and cross-sectional design research was applied by using an online self-response survey (N = 100), conducted using a snowball sampling technique among Macau's full-time social workers. Results from simple linear regression showed that the findings demonstrate significant results on the relationship between social workers' self-efficacy, burnout, and job satisfaction in Macau. Overall burnout had a significant negative prediction towards overall self-efficacy (r = -.47, p <.001); overall self-efficacy can significantly positive predict overall job satisfaction (r =.31, p <.01); Burnout can significantly negatively predict job satisfaction (r = -.43, p <.001), so multiple linear regression analysis was performed. The results showed that when burnout was used as one of the predictors, although burnout had a significant negative prediction on job satisfaction, burnout had a significant negative impact on self-efficacy and job satisfaction. The relationship between them has a very complete mediating effect. This means that the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction is fully mediated by burnout. If corresponding resource policies and strategies are developed to improve social workers' self-efficacy, thereby reducing burnout and improving job satisfaction, this may be beneficial to both employees and organizations. Our study contributes to the direction in which positive expectations influence individual turnover intentions of Macau social workers. This study has theoretical implications for organizations and employees, and future research should continue to explore suggestions such as the limits and causal relationships of self-efficacy to help policymakers develop strategies to reduce social worker turnover.

A STUDY ON JOB BURNOUT AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MACAO DURING THE POST- PANDEMIC ERA - Chan, Wat (2024)
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job burnout and subjective well-being among primary school teachers in Macao during the post- pandemic era. The research questions included understanding the current status of teachers' job burnout and subjective well-being, analyzing the differences in these aspects across different background variables, and examining the relationship between them. Data were collected through an online questionnaire designed to measure teachers' job burnout and subjective well-being. SPSS 25 and Mplus 8 statistical software were used to ensure the reliability and validity of the questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, ensuring that both were within acceptable ranges. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression. The results indicated that Macao primary school teachers' job burnout and subjective well-being were both at a moderate level. There were no significant differences in job burnout and subjective well-being among teachers of different genders, ages, school types, and school sizes. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between different educational backgrounds and subjective well-being among Macao primary school teachers. However, regarding educational background and teaching experience, primary school teachers with a "Master's degree or above" and those with teaching experience of "1-3 years" showed significant differences in the "Emotional Exhaustion" dimension. Additionally, the data revealed a significant relationship between job burnout and subjective well- being among Macao primary school teachers, with job burnout predicting subjective well-being. Teachers, as frontline educators, deserve attention to their mental health, particularly in the post-pandemic era. Therefore, this study provided empirical evidence for educational authorities, schools, and the public to reduce job burnout and enhance the well-being of primary school teachers in Macao, thereby supporting the development of primary education in the region. 本研究旨在探討後疫情時期澳門小學教師職業倦怠感與主觀幸福感之間的關係。研究問題包括瞭解教師的職業倦怠感與主觀幸福感現況，分析不同背景變量對教師職業倦怠感與主觀幸福感的差異。透過線上問卷形式蒐集資料，以測量教師的職業倦怠感和主觀幸福感。通過SPSS25和Mplus8統計軟件，以克隆巴赫係數分析和驗證性因子分析確定問卷的信效度均在可接受的範圍內，並對蒐集所得之數據進行描述性統性、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析及線性迴歸進行分析。 研究結果顯示，澳門小學教師的職業倦怠感與主觀幸福感分別處於中位程度。不同性別、年齡、任教學校類型及學校規模對教師職業倦怠感與主觀幸福感無顯著差異，而且不同學歷的澳門小學教師在主觀幸福感無顯著差異。然而，在學歷和教師年資方面，除主觀幸福感外，具備「碩士或以上」學歷及教學年資為「1-3 年」的小學教師與「情感耗竭」維度之間呈現顯著差異。此外，數據也顯示，教師的職業倦怠感與主觀幸福感之間存在相關關係，且教師職業倦怠感對主觀幸福感有預測作用。 教師作為教育工作的前線人員，其心理健康值得被關注，尤其在後疫情這特殊時期，教師的心理健康問題更突出。因此，本研究為教育行政當局、學校、 社會大眾提供實證依據，為減輕澳門小學教師職業倦怠感，提高主觀幸福感提出建議，以促進本澳小學教育事業的發展。

澳門幼兒教師勝任力調查研究 - Kuan, On Kei (2024)
As Macau's society rapidly develops, the education system of Macau also continues to develop, including early childhood education. The competency of early childhood teachers in Macau plays an important role in the future development of education. Teacher competency includes four main dimensions: educational ability, work attitude, psychological factors, and motivation. This paper focuses on exploring these dimensions and the differences in teacher competency among Macau's early childhood educators, considering their personal background variables. Moreover, this research investigates the factors such as the working attitude of teachers, their professional development needs, and motivation that affect their teaching in early childhood education. Historically, understandings of teacher competency in Macau's early childhood education were primarily analyzed through t-tests and one-way Anova of survey data, which tend to have lower reliability and validity. This paper employs confirmatory factor analysis among other methods to conduct empirical research on the current state of teacher competency, aiming to advance the development of teacher competency in Macau with more reliable data. This paper uses literature review methodology to gather relevant research and analyzes the information gathered, by using a self-assessment questionnaire on early childhood teacher competency to conduct a survey among 187 early childhood teachers in Macau. This can help to understand their competency levels and how these correlates with their personal background variables. The integrated data from the teacher self-assessment questionnaires indicate that the overall level of teacher competency in Macau is acceptable. In terms of the 4 early childhood teacher competency factors, the psychological factors got the highest score, while their educational abilities got a lower score. The differential analysis conducted on the evaluated teachers shows there are significant differences in early childhood teacher competency among different age groups and years of teaching experience. This research aims to provide more data and information to Macau's education related departments and kindergarten management, to formulate targeted teacher training and career development plans of teachers, which can help to improve the overall teaching quality and job satisfaction of teachers in Macau's early childhood education. The research suggests that future research should expand the research subjects to early childhood teachers from different cultural backgrounds, increase the use of interviews and case analysis (adopting mixed research methods), and analyze the differences in personal background variables and the competency of Macau's early childhood teachers. 澳門社會飛速進步的同時，其教育體系也在不斷發展，而幼兒教育在塑 造孩子未來發展的基礎上扮演著至關重要的角色。故澳門幼兒教師勝任力對於 幼兒教育的未來發展具有不可忽視的重要性。教師勝任力(Teacher Competency) 包含教育能力、工作態度、心理因素和動機等四大維度。本文著重探討這四個 維度和教師的個人背景變項與澳門幼兒教師勝任力的差異性。同時，也會關注 教師的工作態度、專業發展需求及動機等因素對幼兒教師教學的影響。過去， 人們對澳門幼兒教師勝任力的了解較多使用 t 檢驗及單因數變異數進行問卷數 據分析，其有效性及可靠性相對較低。針對上述問題，本文採用驗證性因素分 析等方法對幼兒教師的勝任力現狀進行了實證研究，期望以更可靠的數據推動 澳門幼兒教師勝任力的發展。本文使用文獻分析法整合相關文獻及就研究資訊 進行分析，並使用幼兒教師勝任力自評定問卷對澳門 187 名幼兒教師進行問卷 調查，以了解澳門幼兒教師的勝任力及個人背景變項與澳門幼兒教師勝任力的 差異性。整合教師自評問卷數據後結果如下: 澳門幼兒教師勝任力總體水準尚可， 就勝任力特質表現而言，幼兒教師的心理因素最好，幼兒教師的教育能力較差。 而對被評價幼兒教師進行差異分析的結果顯示：不同年齡段和教齡與幼兒教師 勝任力有顯著差異。 本研究有望為澳門教育相關部門和幼稚園管理層提供更多數據和資訊， 以制定針對性的教師培訓和職業發展計劃，提高澳門幼兒教育整體教學品質和 教師職業滿意度。建議未來研究擴展研究對象至不同文化背景的幼兒教師、增加訪談和個案分析的部分(採用混合研究方法)和分析個人背景變項與澳門幼兒 教師勝任力的差異性。

澳門博彩從業員工作調整措施、壓力應對方法對職場疲勞、情緒健康之影響調查研究 - Tang, Sin U. (2024)
The gaming industry has always been the leading sector in Macau and is one of the main occupations in the region. In 2023, gaming employees accounted for 18.2% of the total employment in Macau, making them a significant portion of the workforce. Research shows that gaming employees experience high levels of work stress, which can directly affect occupational fatigue and may also trigger anxiety and depression. Workplace fatigue and emotional health not only impact individual physical and psychological well-being but also affect their families, work, and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, the emotional health and workplace fatigue of gaming employees deserve public attention. This study aims to explore the work adjustment measures, stress coping methods, emotional health, workplace fatigue, and their relationships among gaming employees. The research focuses on Macau’s gaming employees, employing a quantitative approach. Using non-random sampling, electronic questionnaires were sent to managers of Macau's six major gaming companies from October to December 2023, ultimately collecting 563 valid responses, with males accounting for 45.6% and females for 54.4%. The study utilized SPSS 23 statistical software for quantitative analysis, first conducting descriptive statistics, followed by independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and finally Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analysis. The study found differences in coping methods based on gender, age, education level, marital status, shift patterns, and monthly salary among gaming employees. Differences in workplace fatigue were found related to gender, age, education level, marital status, living conditions, years of work experience, job position, and monthly salary. Age, education level, and marital status also showed differences in emotional health. In terms of work adjustments, 67.1% of respondents took parental leave, followed by 54.2% who took unpaid leave, and 9.8% who were transferred. The average score for personal fatigue was 40.90 ± 23.125, while the average score for work fatigue was 40.62 ± 21.405, followed by client-related fatigue at 36.65 ± 21.056, and work over-involvement at 24.22 ± 18.987. The average score for depression was 10.60 ± 8.974, indicating mild to moderate levels; anxiety had an average score of 11.26 ± 8.567, indicating moderate to severe levels; and stress averaged 9.96 ± 8.418, falling within the normal to mild range. Among the respondents, 33.9% exhibited severe to very severe anxiety symptoms, while 16% showed severe to very severe depression symptoms. We also found a positive correlation between workplace fatigue and emotional health among gaming employees: the higher the level of workplace fatigue, the poorer the emotional health, and vice versa. There was no correlation between work adjustment measures and workplace fatigue. However, work adjustment measures were related to emotional health and could predict it, with more adjustments correlating to better emotional health. Finally, in terms of stress coping, the use of emotional expression methods showed a negative correlation with emotional health and workplace fatigue, indicating that the more these methods were employed, the better the emotional health and the lower the workplace fatigue. Leisure activities and online gambling categories can reduce both personal and work-related fatigue. However, online gambling and physical gambling can increase symptoms of depression and anxiety among gaming employees, while online gambling can also increase stress symptoms. The study recommends that gaming companies and relevant departments provide on-the-job training for employees, enhance skills to cope with stress, establish mental health indicators, and regularly evaluate employees to implement individualized measures aimed at improving workplace fatigue and emotional health. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for policymakers and the management of gaming establishments in Macau to formulate relevant policies to reduce workplace fatigue among gaming employees and improve their emotional health, thereby enhancing their working environment and career development. 博彩業一直是澳門的龍頭產業，是澳門主要的職業行業之一， 2023年博彩從業員佔澳門就業人數18.2%，是澳門主要的就業勞動人口。研究顯示博彩從業員的工作壓力很大，而工作壓力會直接影響職業疲勞，也可能引發焦慮和抑鬱。職場疲勞和情緒健康不但影響個人生理和心理問題，還會影響其家庭和工作，以及人際關係，因此，他們的情緒健康和職場疲勞值得社會大眾關注。 本研究旨在探討博彩從業員工作調整措施，壓力應對方法、情緒健康、職場疲勞以及它們的相關性。研究以澳門博彩從業員為研究對象，採用量化方式進行，以非隨機抽樣方法，在2023年10月至12月向澳門六大博企管理人員發送電子問卷，最終回收問卷563份，男性佔45.6%，女性佔54.4%。研究使用SPSS 23 統計軟件進行量化分析，資料首先作描述性統計分析、再以獨立樣本t檢定、其次以單因數變異數（ANOVA）、最後以Pearson相關係數和迴歸分析檢定數據。 研究發現，博彩從業員的性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、輪班模式和每月薪酬與壓力應對方法呈現差異。性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、居住狀況、工作年資、工作職位和每月薪酬與職場疲勞有差異。年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況與情緒健康有差異。博彩從業員在工作調整上，放親子假最多佔67.1%，其次放無薪假佔54.2%，被調職佔9.8%。個人疲勞平均數為40.90±23.125分及工作疲勞平均數40.62±21.405分最高，其次是服務對象疲勞平均數為36.65±21.056分，工作過度投入平均數為24.22±18.987分。抑鬱平均數為10.60±8.974分屬於輕度至中度水平；焦慮平均數為11.26±8.567分，屬於中度至重度水平；壓力平均數為9.96±8.418分，屬於正常至輕度範圍。當中有33.9%的人士的焦慮徵狀顯示出嚴重和非常嚴重程度，而有16%的受訪者的抑鬱徵狀呈現嚴重和非常嚴重程度。我們還發現，博彩從業員的職場疲勞與情緒健康存在正相關，職場疲勞程度越高，情緒健康越差，反之亦然。工作調整措施與職場疲勞沒有相關性。然而工作調整措施與情緒健康存在關係，並可以預測情緒健康，工作調整越多，情緒健康越好。最後，在壓力應對上，傾訴類別與情緒健康和職場疲勞呈現負相關，並有預測效果，亦即傾訴類別使用的方法得分越多，情緒健康越好，職場疲勞也越低。休閒類別和網上博彩類別能減低個人和工作疲勞。網上博彩類別、實體博彩類別會增加博彩從業員的抑鬱、焦慮徵狀，而網上博彩類別會增加壓力徵狀。研究建議博企及相關部門為員工提供在職培訓，加強技能應對壓力，制定精神健康指標並定期為員工評估，因應個別化推出措施，改善職場疲勞和情緒健康。 本研究的結果能為政策制定者和澳門幸運博彩娛樂場管理部門提供有價值的見解，制定相關政策，以減低博彩從業員的職場疲勞和改善他們的情緒健康，改善他們的工作環境和職業發展。

Balancing Economic Development and Environmental Protection in Macau Based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals - Ho, Nga Lai (2024)
Macau is facing problems on how to moderately diversify its economy, improving its air quality, water quality, and waste management, and improving its biodiversity. The research aim is to investigate and propose how Macau can achieve moderate economic diversification, environmental protection, ecological protection and preservation in line with sustainable development goal 8, 9, 12, 13, and 15. Using documentary analysis, extensive literature review, and analyzing of Macau situation, the following findings are suggested: - Research and development using the university institutions on areas ranging from hospitality and tourism management, telecommunication engineering, electrical & electronic engineering, automation and control, computer science and engineering, transportation science and technology, nanoscience & nanotechnology, instrument science and technology, biomedical engineering, as well as relevant infrastructure, policy and financial support, - Talent attraction for specialised industries with stringent requirements due to the limited capacity of Macau, - Financial market development for financing, capital accumulation, and wealth management, - Focus on tourism-related industry, then big data and technology leveraging Hengqin, and then financial industry for supporting, - Better method to reduce air pollution through more energy efficient industrial facilities with less greenhouse gases emission, - Better water quality and pollution management through water pollution management, water resource conservation, the development of environmentally friendly technologies to control water pollution, - Polluter pay law such as Japan's Basic Environment Law, Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law, - Producer’s responsibility law such as home appliance recycling law, containers and packaging recycling law, and - A framework for biodiversity protection including a combination of legislative, technical, and community-based initiatives, as well as a comprehensive wildlife protection law.

A STUDY ON THE PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF GENDER EQUALITY AND GENDER STEREOTYPES AMONG KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS IN MACAO - Lao, In Kam (2024)
This study employs a qualitative research method to explore kindergarten teachers' perceptions of gender stereotypes, their views on gender equality education, and how these concepts are implemented in their teaching practices. Additionally, it analyses the challenges faced in promoting gender equality education in Macao and offers relevant recommendations. The study participants comprised eight in-service kindergarten teachers (four males and four females) working at four kindergartens in Macao. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews, the study delves into the teachers' experiences and perspectives on implementing gender equality education in kindergartens. The study concludes with the following findings: 1. Teachers have a basic understanding of gender equality; however, influenced by societal traditions and family cultures, gender stereotypes still persist in their teaching. While teachers can recognise and reflect on the presence of these stereotypes and understand the core concepts of gender equality education, they still lack a comprehensive grasp of its substantive content. 2. When practising gender equality education, teachers exhibit varying degrees of gender stereotyping and bias. Male teachers, in particular, display more evident gender bias compared to female teachers, especially in their disciplinary approaches towards male and female students, with male teachers being more stringent with boys. However, no significant gender differences were observed in classroom performance, behavioural discipline, academic achievements, or task distribution. This suggests that teachers treat students of both genders relatively equally, with no clear link to their personal backgrounds. 3. Regarding gender equality and social status, male teachers generally express higher satisfaction levels than female teachers. Male teachers believe that gender equality has been achieved, whereas female teachers feel that women remain at a disadvantage in terms of work conditions and family responsibilities. 4. Teachers identify several challenges in promoting gender equality in education in Macao. This includes deep-rooted societal cultures, insufficient awareness and understanding of gender equality education among the government, the public, teachers, and parents; gender stereotypes in textbooks and school environments; the lack of gender-related content in textbooks; and the gender imbalance among kindergarten teachers, with a marked shortage of male teachers. 5. Teachers suggest that the government should collaborate with experts to provide more relevant teacher training or community seminars for teachers and the public. These initiatives should aim to challenge gender stereotypes, re-evaluate the content of textbooks and the setup of school environments, and promote the feasibility and necessity of male kindergarten teachers. Based on the study's findings, the researcher offers several recommendations for advancing gender equality education in Macao, providing concrete ideas and reasonable references. It is hoped that these suggestions will serve as valuable references for future related research. 本研究採用質性研究法，旨在探討幼稚園教師對性別刻板印象的看法、性別平等教育的理念以及在教學中實踐的情況，並分析在澳門推行性別平等教育所面對的挑戰及相關建議。研究對象來自澳門四所幼稚園的八位在職幼稚園教師（4男4女），研究透過半結構式深度訪談，深入探討教師在幼稚園推行性別平等教育中的經驗和觀點。本研究得出以下結論： （一） 教師對性別平等已有基本概念，但因受到社會傳統文化及個人家庭文化的影響，在教學中仍存在性別刻板印象。教師能察覺和反思這些刻板印象的存在，並瞭解性別平等教育的基本核心概念，然而對其實質內容的理解仍有不足之處。 （二） 在實踐性別平等教育時，教師表現出不同程度的性別定型及性別偏見。其中，男教師相較於女教師表現出更為明顯的性別偏見，尤其體現在針對兩性的學生的管教方式上，男教師對男生的態度較為嚴厲。然而，教師在課堂表現、行為紀律、學業成績、職務分配等方面則未顯示出顯著的性別差異，能相對平等地要求及對待兩性的學生，這與教師的個人背景因素並沒有明顯關聯。 （三） 在兩性平等與社會地位問題上，男性教師的滿意度普遍高於女性教師。男性教師認為兩性地位已達至平等，而女教師則認為在工作待遇和家庭層面上，女性仍處於較為不利的地位。 （四） 教師認為在澳門推行性別平等教育面臨的挑戰包括：根深蒂固的社會文化，政府、大眾、教師及家長對性別平等教育的關注和認知不足；教科書及學校環境設置存在的性別刻板印象，以及教科書中缺乏性別議題內容；幼稚園教師的性別比例失衡，男教師明顯偏少。 （五） 教師建議政府需要與專家合作，提供更多相關的師資培訓或社區講座，供教師及市民參與，並以突破性別刻板印象為目標，重新審視教科書及學校環境的設置，同時加強宣傳男性幼稚園教師的可行性及必要性。 基於上述研究結果，研究者對澳門性別平等教育的推行提出了若干建議，並提供了具體的思路和合理的參考依據。期望這些建議能為未來相關研究提供參考。

Examining Primary School Teachers’ Pedagogical Expertise and Implementation of Differentiated Instruction in Macao: A Mixed-Methods Investigation - Leong, Hio Cheng (2024)
As the number of students with diverse learning needs continues to rise in Macau, teachers face numerous challenges in addressing individual differences in the classroom. This research aims to explore the awareness and implementation of differentiation instruction among Macau primary school teachers, as well as the challenges encountered in its practice. Differentiation instruction is an instructional approach that seeks to cater to the individual learning needs of students by adapting teaching methods, content, and assessment strategies. It involves recognizing and responding to the readiness, interest, and learning profile of students within a classroom. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, primarily utilizing questionnaires to assess the knowledge and skills of Macau primary school teachers in both regular and inclusive classrooms regarding differentiation instruction. Additionally, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with a purposive sample of eight professional Macao primary school teachers who have implemented differentiation instruction. The findings were organized and analyzed, revealing as follows: （1） Macau Primary School Teachers' Knowledge and Skills in Differentiated Instruction: The motivation of Macau primary school teachers to receive training in differentiated instruction is relatively low. However, most teachers have gained a basic understanding of the definition and concept of differentiated instruction through participation in professional development courses and school training. Teachers also accumulate experience in teaching practice, enhancing their ability to implement differentiated instruction. （2） Models of Differentiated Instruction Implementation by Macau Primary School Teachers: Macau primary school teachers primarily reflect students' learning profile through basic background information, classroom observation, and reviewing assignments and tests. When designing teaching content, teachers adjust according to learning profile, personal interests, and readiness, aligning with the differentiated instruction practices. （3） Macau Primary School Teachers' Attitudes Toward Implementing Differentiated Instruction: Most Macau primary school teachers have a positive attitude towards differentiated instruction, agreeing that adjusting teaching according to individual student needs can enhance learning outcomes and motivation. However, they face numerous challenges during implementation. （4） Challenges Faced by Macau Primary School Teachers in Implementing Differentiated Instruction: The educational policies in Macau pose challenges to the implementation of differentiated instruction. Schools lack clear guidelines, teachers face heavy workloads, have limited knowledge and experience in differentiated instruction, parents have insufficient understanding of the concept and purpose of differentiated instruction, and unbalanced educational resource limit its effective implementation. （5） Favorable Conditions for the Development of Differentiated Instruction: Positive progress in the allocation of human resources, resource distribution, and tiered assessments in schools, as well as cooperation between families and schools, has promoted the successful implementation of differentiated instruction. Based on the research findings, specific recommendations are provided offer recommendations to optimize teaching effectiveness and better address the diverse learning needs of students, ultimately ensuring optimal learning outcomes. 隨着本澳有着不同學習需要的學生的數量漸增，教師在課堂上面對不少困難與挑戰，因此教師關顧學生間個別差異不容忽視。本研究旨在瞭解澳門小學教師對於差異化教學概念的認知程度、如何作教學實踐，及當中遇到的問題。 根據研究目的，本研究以「詮釋主義」作理論框架，採用混合研究法，「以質性研究為主，量化研究為輔」，先以問卷調查瞭解本澳小學普通班和融合班教師對差異化教學的知識與技能，繼而透過半結構訪談法，並經立意採樣，選取曾實踐差異化教學的小學教師進行訪談，整理和分析研究結果顯示： （1） 本澳小學教師對差異化教學的知能程度：澳門小學教師對差異化教學的培訓動機較低。通過參加專業發展課程和校本培訓，大多數教師對差異化教學的定義和概念有一定程度的掌握。教師亦可在教學實踐中累積經驗，提升實施差異化教學的能力。 （2） 本澳小學教師實施差異化教學的模式：澳門小學教師查閱學生的基本背景資料、觀察課堂學習進度，以及通過批改作業和測試檢視學生能力，主要反映學生的學習水平。教師在設計教學內容時，根據學習風格、個人興趣和學習準備度進行調整，符合差異化教學實踐形式。 （3） 本澳小學教師對實施差異化教學的態度：多數澳門小學教師對差異化教學持積極態度，認同根據學生個別需求進行教學調整能提升學習效果和動機，但在實施過程中面臨諸多挑戰。 （4） 本澳小學教師在實施差異化教學時面對的困難：澳門的教育政策對差異化教學實施造成阻力，學校缺乏清晰的指導方針，教師面臨繁重的工作負擔，教師對差異化教學的知識與經驗有限、家長對差異化教學的概念與目的理解不夠，和有限的教學環境和統一教材，限制了差異化教學的有效實施。 （5） 有利發展差異化教學條件：學校在人力資源配置、資源調配和評估分層等方面的積極進展，以及家庭與學校的密切合作，推動了差異化教學的成功實施。 基於研究結果，提出具體建議，從而讓本澳的教育工作者有所參考，使得學生能獲得最適合的學習方式。

EXPLORATION OF THE APPLICATION OF MIND INTERPRETATION TRAINING IN SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS WITH AUTISM - Ng, Nga Wai (2024)
Nowadays, inclusive education has become increasingly popular in various places. And it becomes more and more common for students with special education needs to be placed in general education environments. However, students with special education needs often have problems getting along with their classmates because of their own physical and mental disabilities and behavioral traits. In schools, social interaction has always been a major issue for students with autism spectrum disorder to integrate into the group. Due to their physical limitations or internal psychological differences, they often encounter difficulties in interacting with classmates. The researcher of this study is a primary school resource teacher in an integrated school. During the teaching process, she found that students with autism spectrum disorder in regular classes have some difficulties in adapting, especially in getting along with others . Therefore, the researcher hopes to improve their social behavior through Mind-Reading training, so that they can develop well in interacting and socializing with others. This study intends to explore the effect of Mind-Reading training on improving the mind reading ability and social interaction ability of five autistic spectrum disorder students in primary school, and conduct research and discussion on their ability to understand others and social interaction . Comparison and data analysis were conducted through pre-test, six-session of Mind-Reading training course, Mind-Reading learning record form filled in by the researcher, and post-test. The pre-test and post-test tools include: "Vinlan Adaptive Behavior Scale 3 (Chinese version) - Children's Version" filled out by the parents of the research participants, interviews with the head teachers of the research participants, and a theory of mind test completed by the research participants (ToMTB test). The study concluded as follows: 1.Children with autism spectrum disorder can improve the ability to understand others after receiving Mind-Reading training. 2.Children with autism spectrum disorder can show the improvement in social interactions after receiving Mind-Reading training. In this study, the researcher hopes to improve autistic students' ability to understand other people 's thoughts and improve their social interaction through Mind-Reading training, so that autistic spectrum disorder students can integrate into ordinary classes and get along with their classmates. They try to use Mind-Reading training to explore whether this method is effective. And the conclusion confirms that Mind-Reading training can improve autistic spectrum disorder students' abilities to understand others , improve their social interactions , and promote social relationships with their classmates. It is recommended that in future research on Mind-Reading training in Macao, the teaching content should be combined with social interaction skills and life experience. In addition, we will increase the understanding of peer perceptions, observations of class entry or recess time, and extend the follow-up time to make the research more complete. 現今，融合教育在各地已漸趨普及化，特殊教育需要學生安置於普通教育環境是越來越常見的現象。然而，特殊教育需要學生因自身的身心障礙及行為特質，導致他們與同儕相處時經常出現問題。在學校，社交互動一直是自閉症譜系障礙學生融入群體的一大重點議題，他們因自身的生理限制或心理內在的差異，導致其在與同儕互動時常遇到困難。本研究的研究者為融合學校的小學資源教師，在教學的過程裏，發現就讀於普通班的自閉症譜系障礙學生在適應上出現了一些困難，特別是與人相處方面，因此，研究者希望能透過心智解讀訓練來改善他們的社交行為，讓他們能在與他人互動和社交方面獲得良好的發展。 本研究擬探討心智解讀訓練對提升五位低小自閉症譜系障礙學生的心智解讀能力與社交互動能力的效果，對他們理解他人的能力及社交互動方面進行研究和討論，通過前測、六節的心智解讀訓練課程、研究者填寫的心智解讀學習記錄表、後測來進行比較及資料分析。前測及後測工具包括：由研究參與者之家長填寫的「文蘭適應行為量表第3(中文版)-兒童版」、研究參與者之班主任訪談，以及研究參與者完成的心智理論測驗(ToMTB測驗)。 研究得出的結論如下： 1.自閉症譜系障礙兒童在接受心智解讀訓練後理解他人的能力有所提升。 2.自閉症譜系障礙兒童在接受心智解讀訓練後在社交互動方面有相對的改善。 本研究中，研究者期望透過心智解讀訓練提升自閉症譜系障礙學生理解他人想法的能力，以及改善其社交互動，使自閉症學生能融入普通課室，與同齡人相處，所以嘗試透過心智解讀訓練來探討此方法是否有效，而結論證實心智解讀訓練能提升自閉症譜系障礙兒童理解他人的能力，以及改善他們的社交互動，促進與同儕之間的社交關係。 建議本澳未來的心智解讀訓練研究中，教學內容結合社交互動技巧及生活經驗。另外，增加了解同儕觀感、入班或小息時間之觀察，以及延長追蹤時間，以令研究變得更為完善。

Study of the Policies Regulating Juvenile Delinquency in Macau - Leung, Weng Tong (2024)
This thesis first discusses the situation and trends of juvenile crime in Macau in recent years, then reviews the current measures of Macao's juvenile criminal justice system, and the existing policies and regulations on juvenile delinquency, to see what possible impacts of the implementation in preventing juvenile delinquency in Macau. Through analyzing their behavior and causes of juvenile crime in Macau and the youth crime prevention policies in both Macau and neighboring regions. Analyzing the existing policies and regulations on juvenile delinquency, explore the effectiveness of the main existing measures and policies to control this problem, and then make suggestions for control measures based on the future trend of the problem. Throughout the research, it is found that the causes of the problem are not only affected by the subjective psychological state of teenagers, but also affected by differences in social status, socioeconomics, family and school and other external factors.

探討澳門普通班幼稚園教師對融合教育的態度及面對融合教育生的困難和挑戰 - Tam, Hio U. (2024)
現時澳門全力推行融合教育，促使融合教育逐漸普及化，幼稚園教師是學 前融合教育實踐的主力軍，因此在融合教育發展中，幼稚園教師的態度是重 要的因素。本研究以澳門普通幼稚園教師對融合教育的態度及面對融合教育 生的困難和挑戰為目標，透過對七位澳門普通幼稚園教師進行訪談，瞭解研 究對象對融合教育的認知與瞭解、情感體驗與支持度、行為傾向及面對融合 教育生的困難和挑戰。 從研究結果發現：在教師態度的認知分析結果中，有超過一半的受訪教師 對融合教育的認知都能夠符合融合教育的精神及理念，但是，仍然有少部分 受訪教師的認知是偏離融合教育的理念。在態度的情感分析結果中，過半數 的受訪教師對融合教育出現被動消極的負面情感，亦有近過半數教師主動積 極接納融合教育。值得一提的是，教師對融合教育的情感體驗會發生動態轉 變的特徵，當中包括教師初期對融合教育的情感是正面主動的或負面抗拒 的，經過對自身實踐融合教育後，教師會對融合教育的情感形成轉變，初期 對融合教育的情感是正面積極的教師可能因為在實施融合教育上遇到不同的 困難或問題從而對融合教育的接納度由主動積極轉變為被動消極。另一方面 初期對融合教育的情感是負面消極的教師因為在實踐融合教育後積極報名參 加與融合教育有關聯的課程，提高自我的能力，有實踐的經驗累積增強了實 施融合教育的信心後對融合教育產生了由被動消極變為主動積極的情感轉 變。在行為傾向來看，大部分受訪教師會以個性化針對性教學方式對融合生 進行教學，同時亦會調整教學環境、教學準備、評核標準調適，亦注重與家 長及駐校社工的合作溝通。 最後結合本研究結果，分別對回應研究問題提出具體的建議，旨在為政 府、教育機構、教師和學生提供參考，以促進澳門的融合教育。 Macao is fully committed to promoting integrated education and promoting the gradual popularization of integrated education. As the frontline workers of education, kindergarten teachers’ attitude towards integrated education is the key to the success or failure of the development of integrated education. This study aims at the attitudes of Macao ordinary kindergarten teachers towards inclusive education and the difficulties and challenges faced by students in inclusive education. Through semi-structured interviews with seven Macao ordinary kindergarten teachers, we have an in-depth understanding of the research subjects’ cognition and understanding of inclusive education. Understanding, emotional experience and support, behavioral tendencies, and the difficulties and challenges faced by students in integrated education. From the research results, it is found that: from a cognitive perspective, most of the interviewed teachers’ cognition of inclusive education is in line with the spirit and concept of inclusive education, but there are still some interviewed teachers whose cognition of inclusive education deviates from the spirit and concept of inclusive education. Spirit. At the emotional level, more than half of the teachers surveyed have passive and negative feelings towards inclusive education, while nearly half of the teachers actively accept inclusive education. It is worth mentioning that teachers’ emotional experience of inclusive education will undergo dynamic changes, including whether teachers’ initial emotions towards inclusive education are positive or negative. After practicing inclusive education, teachers will have different feelings about inclusive education. Emotions change. Teachers who initially had positive emotions towards inclusive education may change their acceptance of inclusive education from proactive to passive because they encounter different difficulties or problems in implementing inclusive education. On the other hand, teachers who had negative feelings towards inclusive education in the early stage have actively enrolled in courses related to inclusive education to improve themselves after practicing inclusive education. The accumulation of practical experience has enhanced their confidence in the implementation of inclusive education. There was an emotional change from passive to active. In terms of behavioral tendencies, most of the teachers interviewed will teach integrated students with personalized and targeted teaching methods. They will also adjust the teaching environment, teaching preparation, and assessment standards, and also focus on cooperation with parents and school social workers. communicate. Finally, combined with the results of this study, specific suggestions are put forward to respond to the research questions, and some reference opinions are provided for the government, schools, teachers, etc., in the hope of promoting Macao's integrated education to further progress.

FUTURE OF MACAU GAMING INDUSTRY AFTER THE NEW GAMING LAWS: A study on the development of the non-gaming initiatives - Liao, JianFeng (2024)
The development of non-gaming facilities will shape the future of Macau's gaming industry. These amenities include food and retail, which have become vital in increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty since they offer other services other than gambling. In the future, as casinos shift their strategies to focus on non-gaming aspects, it will be crucial to build detailed profiles of casino visitors based on how much they spend on non-gaming products and services. Changes in the legal framework of the gaming industry and shifts in market demand have forced casinos to turn to other forms of tourism and cultural services, address legal requirements, and minimize risk. Furthermore, external factors such as stringent gaming laws, fiscal measures, and increasing competition from other regional gambling jurisdictions, including Singapore and the Philippines, threaten the casino gaming business. In response to these threats, Macau's casinos are paying more attention to cooperation within the tourism industry and enhancing their non-gaming offers to sustain their market position and grasp new options. Therefore, the future of Macau's gaming industry will be determined by the strategic planning of its future developments, focusing on non-gaming activities, target visitors, compliance with the new laws, and the ability to overcome external challenges to ensure market competitiveness.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNALIZING PROBLEMS, GENDER AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BOTH PARENTS AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS - Sou, Fernandes; Marcelo, Joel (2024)
The current study aimed to analyse the differences in the internalising problems including anxious/depressed, withdrawn-depressed and somatic complaints, from the perspective of parents and high school students. Considering varying levels of academic achievement. Additionally, the gender differences in the level of internalising problems will also be examined. Finally, we analysed the different perspectives of parents and high school students according to internalising problems. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) was used for data collection in Macao. The sample consisted of 698 high school students (316 males and 382 females). There were no significant differences in internalising problems according to three levels of academic achievement (low, average and high) from the perspective of parents and high school students. Furthermore, from the high school students' perspectives, adolescent females present more interesting problems than males. Finally, the findings indicate a low agreement between parents and students concerning internalising problems. It is suggested that parents should learn and explore different parenting styles in order to reduce their children's internalising problems.

Customer Adoption of Internet Banking Service in Macau- A quantitative approach based on Customer Survey - Wong, Tsz Ying (2024)
This study investigates the factors influencing customer adoption of Internet Banking Services in Macau through a quantitative approach utilizing a customer survey. As digital banking continues to evolve, understanding the determinants of adoption is critical for financial institutions seeking to enhance their offerings and engage with diverse customer segments. A sample of over 100 respondents was surveyed, capturing essential demographic information, technological proficiency, and attitudes toward Internet banking. The analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including regression analysis and factor analysis, to identify key relationships and underlying factors influencing adoption. The findings reveal that perceived ease of use, security concerns, and prior banking experience significantly affect customers' likelihood of adopting Internet banking services. Additionally, demographic variables such as age, occupation, and nationality emerged as important predictors of customer attitudes toward online banking. The results of this research provide actionable insights for banks and financial institutions in Macau, highlighting the need for targeted marketing strategies and enhanced user experience to foster greater adoption of Internet banking. This study contributes to the existing literature on digital banking adoption in the region and serves as a foundation for future research in this dynamic field.

KINGERGARTEN TEACHER’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS CHINESE EARLY LITERACY IN MACAU - Cheang, Pui U. (2024)
This study aims to explore the attitudes of kindergarten teachers in Macao towards early Chinese literacy. Using semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling, eight kindergarten teachers from seven different private schools in Macao were invited as study participants. Based on the interview data, the study further understands teachers' cognition, emotional experiences, and support towards early Chinese literacy, as well as their behavioral tendencies in practicing early Chinese literacy. The research findings indicate: (1) Kindergarten teachers have insufficient cognition of early Chinese literacy, mainly due to a lack of awareness and understanding of early Chinese literacy. (2) From the perspective of emotional experiences and support, all interviewed teachers support the development of early Chinese literacy at the kindergarten stage. (3) Kindergarten teachers exhibited positive, negative, and neutral emotions in the process of organizing early Chinese literacy, with emotions influenced and transformed by students' performance, from negative to positive emotions. (4) Kindergarten teachers face shortages of resources, such as teaching aids and training, in practicing early Chinese literacy. Based on the study results, recommendations were made for kindergarten teachers, the government, and schools. It is hoped that schools can provide sufficient teaching materials for early Chinese literacy and conduct relevant research activities. Kindergarten teachers should enhance their professional knowledge of early Chinese literacy. Additionally, the Macao government should formulate related policies and training courses for early literacy, enabling kindergarten teachers to design appropriate teaching curricula. 本研究旨在探討澳門幼稚園教師對中文早期讀寫的態度，研究採用半結構式訪談，透過立意取樣的方式，邀請到來自本澳七所不同的私立幼稚園的八位前線幼稚園教師作研究对象，依據訪談所獲得的資料，深入瞭解教師們對中文早期讀寫的認知，其情感體驗與支持度，以及在實踐中文早期讀寫的行為傾向。 研究結果顯示：（一）幼稚園教師對中文早期讀寫的認知不足，造成認知不足的原因主要有幼稚園教師缺乏對中文早期讀寫的認知。（二）從情感體驗及支持度來看，全部受訪教師都支持在幼稚園階段發展中文早期讀寫。（三）幼稚園教師在組織中文早期讀寫的過程，會呈現出正面、負面及中立的情緒，而情緒表現亦會受到學生的表現而發展轉變，由消極的情緒轉化為正面情緒。（四）幼稚園教師在實踐中文早期讀寫會受到資源短缺，如：缺乏教學用具，欠缺中文早期讀寫的培訓。 本研究依據研究結果，研究者對幼稚園教師，政府及學校等提出相關建議，期望學校能夠提供充足的中文早期讀寫教學材料，以及開展相關的教研活動，而幼稚園教師應提升對中文早期讀寫的專業知識。同時，澳門政府應該制定相關早期讀寫政策及培訓課程，使幼稚園教師能設計適切的教學課程。

普通班教師在融合教育實踐中的困擾與挑戰研究 - Un, Chi San (2024)
融合教育作為當今教育改革的重要方向，旨在為所有學生提供公平的學習 機會，尤其是為特殊需求學生融入主流教育創造條件。儘管融合教育的概念已 經被廣泛認同，但在實際操作中，普通班教師在面對多樣化的學生需求時，仍 面臨著許多挑戰和困擾。目前已有的研究主要集中在融合教育的理論探討和政 策分析上，對於第一線教師在融合教育實踐中的實際困境和應對策略研究較 少，尤其是在澳門這樣一個多元文化背景下，相關的實證研究更為稀缺。因 此，深入探討一般班教師在融合教育實踐中的困擾與挑戰，不僅有助於完善融 合教育的理論體系，也能為實際教學提供強大的支持與指導。本研究旨在探討 普通班教師在融合教育實踐中的困擾與挑戰之現況，並進一步分析不同背景變 項的差異情形，為進一步推動融合教育實踐提供參考依據。本研究採用問卷調 查的方式，以自編之「小學普通班教師在融合教育實踐中之困擾問卷」進行量 化資料蒐集，以任職於澳門小學之普通班教師為研究對象，取得有效問卷數 150 份，有效回收率為 97.4%。問卷調查所得之資料以描述性統計、項目分析、 探索性因素分析、信度檢驗、獨立樣本 t 檢驗、和單因素方差分析等進行資料 分析。本研究得出以下結論： 一、普通班教師在融合教育實踐中之困擾情形為中等偏高程度，以「特教知 能」層面的教學困擾程度最高，而在「班級經營」層面的教學困擾程度最 低。 二、不同性別之普通班教師在融合教育實踐中整體教學困擾情形達顯著差異， 其中男性教師在面對融合教育的挑戰時，感受到的困擾更為強烈，男性教 師在「特教知能」、「班級經營」、「課程與教學」、「親師合作」和「支援系 統」五個層面的困擾得分都高於女性教師。 三、不同學校類型之普通班教師在融合教育實踐中整體及各分向度教學困擾情 形達顯著差異，私立學校教師在融合教育實踐中的整體及各分向度的教學 困擾皆顯著高於公立學校教師。 四、不同學校類型之普通班教師在融合教育實踐中整體及各分向度教學困擾情 形達顯著差異，私立學校教師在融合教育實踐中的整體及各分向度的教學 困擾皆顯著高於公立學校教師。 五、任教不同班級人數之普通班教師在融合教育實踐中整體教學困擾情形達顯 著差異，班級人數在20人以上的教師困擾程度高於班級人數在20人以下的 教師。 基於以上研究，本文提出以下建議：第一，加強教師特教知能培訓，幫助 教師掌握因應身心障礙學生需求的專業知識和技能；第二，增加資源和政策支 持，提升普通班教師在融合教育中的教學效能，確保所有學生都能獲得公平的 教育機會；第三，合理配置班級人數，提升整體教學品質及學生的學習效果； 第四，促進親師合作，提升教學質量，減輕教師的工作壓力；第五，完善支援 系統，政府和學校應提供全面的支援服務，確保教師在整合教育實踐中能得到 充分的支持和幫助。

ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE, COMMITMENT, AND TURNOVER IN MACAO - Ho, Ka Lon (2024)
The present study explored the effect of organisational culture on turnover intentions of full-time workers in financial sector in Macao, and the mediating effect of organisational commitment. The following research questions were examined in this study: (1) how do organisational cultural values affect workers’ turnover intentions? (2) what is the role of organisational commitment in the relationships between organisational cultural values and turnover intentions? A cross-sectional design was used by applying a self-response bilingual (Chinese and English) questionnaire to a sample of 123 full-time workers in the financial sector in Macao. Results show that the organisational culture factors with a stronger impact on turnover are entrepreneurial, hierarchical and team cultural values. Entrepreneurial values (ßa=-.323, p=.004), followed by team values (ßa=-.260, p=.011), show the strongest effects and a negative relationship with turnover intentions. Meanwhile, hierarchical values (ßa=.208, p=.012) show the weakest effect and a positive relationship with turnover intentions. Regarding the affective commitment in the relationships between organisational cultural values and turnover intentions, the values with the strongest impact were entrepreneurial, followed by hierarchical and team values. Affective commitment fully mediates the effects of entrepreneurial and hierarchical values and partially mediates the effect of team values on turnover intentions. Regarding theoretical implications, our findings seem consistent with the social exchange theory. Regarding practical implications, we discuss some strategies to promote entrepreneurial and team values and prevent hierarchical values as strategies to increase affective commitment and decrease turnover in the financial sector.

The Factors Affecting Customer’s Purchase Intention and Preference towards Quiet Luxury Fashion Brands Focusing on Generation Z (2024)
The quiet fashion trend is becoming one of the most common fashion trends among Gen Zs. Quiet normally means not making noise. Within the fashion industry it refers to style of luxury fashion that is understated, subtle, and free from obvious branding. The study that was reported in this paper is about the factors that affect consumer preference and purchase intention towards quiet luxury fashion products, with a focus on the Gen Z population. This research is important since it will help in outlining how different factors affect consumer purchase intention and preference towards various products within the fashion industry. Thus, enabling decision-makers and marketers to make effective decisions. The research method that was used was quantitative research with primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through a survey questionnaire, which included 300 responses. The research found that social media influencers, brand collaboration, and status value are among the factors that have a significant relationship with consumer preference and purchase intention toward the quiet luxury brand among Gen Zs. Also, the research found that sustainability value does not have a direct impact on consumer preference and purchase intention for quiet luxury products. Hence, the research concluded that social media influencers, brand collaboration, and status value are part of the factors that have a significant impact on consumer preference and purchase intention.

LONGING FOR THE PAST IN VIEW OF THE FUTURE: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF NOSTALGIA AS AN ACT OF HOPE THROUGH HEIDEGGER’S EXISTENTIALIST PHILOSOPHY - Wong, Ka Leng (2024)
This research investigates the philosophical question of whether nostalgia, often viewed as irrational and unproductive, truly hampers the present. While some philosophers consider it an obstacle to progress, this study highlights its positive and hopeful aspects. With a focus on Heidegger’s existentialist philosophy, the link between nostalgia and the concept of “home” as a metaphysical sanctuary is explored. Using a phenomenological approach, this research reveals how nostalgia intertwines with hope, demonstrating that nostalgia can be an act of hope. The openness of Dasein allows humans to experience their presence in the world. Mood reveals one's current state of being, with nostalgia being one such mood. Nostalgia discloses the objects of longing, ultimately rooted in the notion of “home.” At its foundation, this exploration is fundamentally tied to the essence of hope. This leads to a renewed interpretation of nostalgia as a crucial part of growth, highlighting its significance in life. Moreover, the thesis advocates for using nostalgia as an instrument to foster hope, effectively bridging the individual with hope itself.

SURVEY ON MACAO KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ DEMAND FOR AND SATISFACTION OF RESOURCE TEACHERS' SUPPORT IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION (2024)
Inclusive preschool education in Macao is in its infancy and resource teachers (RTs) play a pivotal role in supporting kindergarten teachers. This study aimed to investigate Macao kindergarten teachers’ demand for and satisfaction of RTs’ support services in inclusive education. Using a mixed method design, the researcher administered a self-developed questionnaire (including a need scale and a satisfaction scale) to 70 kindergarten teachers and interviewed four kindergarten teachers. Based on the quantitative and qualitative data analyses, results showed that: 1) Kindergarten teachers had a high demand for RTs’ support services no matter whether they had previously received such services, and kindergarten teachers who had received RTs’ support services (N = 43) were moderately satisfied with their support services. 2) There was a moderate correlation between the demand and satisfaction scales and respective dimensions. The need level was significantly higher than the satisfaction level on all six dimensions. Teachers reported highest scores on both their need and satisfaction on the dimension of Cooperation, Interaction, and Communication. 3) Kindergarten teachers’ need level increased significantly when the number of inclusive students taught during the school year was three or more, compared to a number below three. Teachers’ satisfaction level did not differ significantly across any demographic variables. 4) Kindergarten teachers were satisfied with RTs’ support services in terms of improved classroom management by handling inclusive students’ problem behaviors, pull-out instruction, test-taking assistance, reduction of IEP workload, and the provision of professional support to parents. 5) Kindergarten teachers were dissatisfied with RTs’ support services in terms of cooperative interaction and communication, co-teaching, assessment of inclusive students’ performance, and supervision of RTs' work. Based on the kindergarten teachers’ expectations for RTs’ support services, the implications of this study were discussed to provide meaningful and evidence-based directions for the research and practice of inclusive preschool education in Macao. 澳門學前融合教育處於發展階段，資源教師在支持幼稚園教師學前融合教育中起著舉足輕重的作用。本研究旨在探究澳門幼稚園教師對資源教師支援服務的需求及滿意度情況。通過問卷調查法和半結構訪談法相結合的混合研究方法，研究者採用自編問卷調查了澳門70名幼稚園教師並訪談了4名幼稚園教師，其中問卷的需求和滿意度量表均分別由六個維度組成，包括：「專業知能」、「擬定和執行個別化教育計劃」、「教學資源與課程」、「成績評量」、「合作互動溝通」、「家長溝通」。量化及質性數據分析結果顯示：1）無論之前是否接受過資源教師的支援服務，幼稚園教師對資源教師的支援服務都有著較高的需求，而接受過資源教師支援服務的幼稚園教師（N = 43）對其支援服務的滿意度則達到一般滿意的水準；2）需求與滿意度量表及各維度之間呈現中度正相關，同時需求程度在各維度上均顯著高於滿意度；需求與滿意度得分最高的都是「合作互動溝通」維度；3）在不同的背景變量下，需求程度只有在「本學年為多少位融合生提供教學」該變量上有顯著差異，當融合生人數達到3名或以上時，教師對資源教師的需求有所增加，而滿意度在不同的背景變量下則沒有顯著差異；4）幼稚園教師對資源教師在改善融合生行為問題造成的班級影響、抽離教學、測考協助、減少IEP工作量、以專業角度向家長提供支援服務方面感到滿意；5）幼稚園教師對資源教師在合作互動溝通、合作教學模式、成績評量、對資源教師工作監管等方面感到不太滿意。最後，結合幼稚園教師對資源教師所提出的期望，筆者提出本研究的啟示，包括完善資源教師的政策規定、加強資源教師的專業化程度、拓展幼稚園教師與資源教師合作教學的模式，以及促進雙方之間的溝通與合作互動關係，為本澳學前融合教育的研究與實踐提供有意義的、循證的方向。

A STUDY ON THE PROFESSIONAL AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES OF THE POST 90S NEW GENERATION EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TEACHERS IN MACAU INCLUSIVE EDUCATION - Tam, Ho Ieng (2024)
With the rise of the awareness of human rights, students with special educational needs (SEN) are receiving more attention. As many mainstream schools adopt inclusive education, society is focusing on teachers' professional awareness and attitudes toward inclusive education. This study examines the professional awareness and attitudes of post-90s early childhood teachers in Macau regarding inclusive education, aiming to improve policies and training programs. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore teachers' views on inclusive education. The qualitative research consists of semi- structured interviews to understand teachers' readiness, attitudes, and the challenges they face in implementing inclusive education. The quantitative aspect uses a questionnaire adapted from the ""Survey on Equal Learning Opportunities for Students with Special Educational Needs under the Hong Kong Inclusive Education System,"" tailored for Macau. By combining interview findings and data, the study analyzes and summarizes the results. The results indicate that the professional awareness of inclusive education among post-90s early childhood teachers in Macau is at a relatively low to moderate level, and their willingness to engage in inclusive education is not high. Factors influencing teachers' willingness to implement inclusive education include a lack of professional knowledge (such as development history, relevant regulations, and guidance methods), insufficient resources, and unclear attitudes from schools toward the implementation of inclusive education. 隨著人權意識的掘起，特殊教育需要學生(SEN 學生)的學習受到關注， 澳門的融合教育逐漸受到關注，許多主流學校開始實施融合教育。就著學校教 育的轉型，教師對融合教育的知識和開展的態度受到社會所關注。因此，是次 研究以質量結合的方式進行調查，為廣泛地、深入地暸解澳門 90 後新生代幼兒 教師在融合教育方面的專業認知和態度，從而對澳門融合教育政策和教師課程 提出建議，促進融合教育的發展。 質性研究以半結構性的深度訪談暸解教師對實施融合教育的預備度和態 度，並探討當中的影響因素和教師在教學中的困擾與需求。量化的研究則參考 了《香港融合教育制度下有特殊教育需要學生的平等學習機會調查》的教師問 卷，向澳門 90 後新生代幼兒教師對融合教育認知和態度作調查。研究透過結合 訪談資料與數據，對研究問題作分析、討論與歸納，並撰寫出研究結果。 研究結果指出澳門 90 後新生代幼兒教師的融合教育專業認知處中等偏低的 水平，同時對融合教育開展的意願不高。而影響教師融合教育開展意願的因素 包括教師缺乏融合教育專業知識(如:發展歷史、相關法規和輔導方式)、資 源不足和學校對融合教育開展的態度不明確。

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’WORK STRESS AND SCHOOL SUPPORT IN MACAU INTRGRATED SCHOOLS - Cheang, Ka Wa (2024)
The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation of work stress and school support among teachers in integrated schools in Macau, to analyze the differences and correlations between work stress and school support among different background variables. This study utilized the questionnaire survey method as the research method, with secondary, primary and kindergarten teachers of integrated schools in Macau as the research subjects. The research instrument was a self-administered questionnaire on the relationship between work stress and school support among teachers of integrated schools in Macau, which was filled out in the form of an electronic questionnaire. A total of 253 questionnaires were collected and 253 questionnaires were usable, with a usability rate of 100%. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, single factor analysis of variance, and Pearson's cumulative difference correlation analysis, among other statistical methods. Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are as follows: (1) The overall work stress of Macau's integrated teachers is moderately high, and the mean values of each level are ranked from highest to lowest as workload, professional knowledge, and administrative cooperation, among which workload and professional knowledge belong to the medium-high level, and administrative cooperation belongs to the medium level. (2) The overall school support of Macau's integrated teachers is of medium-high level, with the mean values of each level ranked from high to low as family and friends' support, peer support, parents' support and administrative support, among which family and friends' support, peer support and parents' support are of medium-high level, while administrative support is of medium-low level. (3) The overall work stress of Macau's integrated teachers varies significantly across the highest level of education and stages of education. (4) The overall school support of Macau's integrated teachers varies significantly by marital status, highest academic qualification, years of teaching experience, position held, integrated education courses pursued, number of students in the classroom, and the size of the school. (5) The relationship between total work stress and total school support of Macau's integrated teachers was found to be low and negative. In Macau, there are no systematic research has been conducted on these two topics. Through this study, the authors localize these existing research findings, explore their applicability in Macau, and make recommendations for the education sector, school units, and integration teachers respectively, based on the actual situation in Macau. 本文旨在探討澳門融合學校教師的工作壓力及學校支持之現況，分析不同教師背景變項在工作壓力及學校支持的差異情況及兩者之間的相關性。 本研究以問卷調查法為研究方法，以澳門融合學校的中、小、幼教師為研究對象。研究工具為自編的澳門融合學校教師工作壓力與學校支持關係之研究問卷，以電子問卷的方式進行填寫。共回收問卷253份，可用問卷為253份，可用率為100%，回收的數據以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因數變異數分析法、皮爾遜積差相關分析等統計方法進行分析。 根據分析所得結論如下：（一）澳門融合學校教師總體工作壓力屬於中等偏高程度，在各個層面平均值由高至低排列為工作負荷、專業知能及行政配合，其中工作負荷及專業知能屬於中高水準，行政配合屬中等水準。（二）澳門融合學校教師總體學校支持屬於中等偏高程度，在各個層面平均值由高至低排列為親朋支持、同儕支持、家長支持及行政支持，其中親朋支持、同儕支持及家長支持屬於中高水準，行政支持屬中低水準。（三）澳門融合教師總體工作壓力在不同學歷及任教教育階段有顯著差異。（四）澳門融合教師總體學校支持在不同婚姻狀態、學歷、教學年資、擔任職務、融合教育課程進修、任教班級學生數目及校部規模有顯著差異。（五）澳門融合教師總體工作壓力與總體學校支持兩者之間的關係為顯著低度負相關。 在澳門地區，目前尚未進行過針對這兩個主題相關的系統性研究。作者透過本研究，將已有的研究成果進行本土化，探索它們在澳門環境下的適用性，結合當地的實際情況，分別為教育部門、學校單位及融合教師提出建議。

Conflicts Of Jurisdiction Over Transnational Cybercrime A Case Study of China Approach - Tam, Pou Leng (2024)
In the virtual space of the Internet, the boundaries of countries tend to be blurred, and the harmful results caused by criminal acts committed thousands of miles away may very likely be close at hand, and criminal acts committed in the territory of a country may be widespread all over the world, which can be said to be a global plague in the Internet era. As a starting point for the criminalisation of cyberspace crimes, Criminal jurisdiction, which is an important form of national sovereignty exercised by a state, is an important prerequisite for a state to exercise its penal power over cyberspace crimes. Many states, out of a desire to maximise their own national interests, have made constant efforts to expand the jurisdictional scope of application of their domestic laws, resulting in circumstances of positive conflict between two or more states. Exploring possible paths to solving the conflict of criminal jurisdiction over transnational cybercrime should begin by identifying why traditional criminal law is not well suited when entering cyberspace, and by examining the strengths and weaknesses of the legislative practices of more advanced jurisdictions with regard to criminal jurisdiction over transnational cybercrime, the shortcomings of the relevant international law and the generally adopted jurisdictional principles, and the feasibility of the new international theories regarding the establishment of jurisdiction over cybercrime, as the main aspects of this study to disentangle the reasons behind the conflict in establishing criminal jurisdiction over transnational cybercrime.

A STUDY ON THE CURRENT SITUATION OF CLASS TEACHERS IN MACAO PRIMARY SCHOOLS CREATING AN INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENT IN INTEGRATED EDUCATION - Lao, In In (2024)

EXPLORING THE CURRENT SITUATION OF MACAU KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS IMPLEMENTING GAMIFICATION FOR CHILDREN'S LEARNING IN AN INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM - Sou, Iok Heng (2024)
In Macao, the curriculum guidance based on games as the basic learning method in early childhood education, that has been in place for almost 10 years. In recent years, there are many studies in Macao which have proved the positive impacts of implementing gamification for children's learning. Under gamification for learning education policy implemented by the government, the purpose of this study is to explore the teachers’ current situation of implementing gamification for children’s learning in an inclusive classroom. This study focuses on Macau kindergarten teachers to explore their current situation of implementing gamification for children’s learning in an inclusive classroom. The research is divided into four aspects to conduct the explanation and elaboration: firstly, the aspect of teachers’ cognition of gamification for children’s learning, secondly, the aspect of their attitude towards the implementation of gamification for children’s learning in an inclusive classroom, thirdly, the aspect of the challenges or difficulties encountered in practices, and fourthly, the teachers’ strategies to cope with challenges. Through the method of semi-structured in-depth interviews of qualitative research, are the perspectives and opinions of 14 kindergarten teachers, from 10 schools that provide inclusive education services in Macao. The results are as follows: Firstly, the teachers have a clear understanding of the connotation of gamification for children’s learning in general. They understand that the games must be designed, based on the teaching objectives and teaching content. The teachers also recognize that gamification for learning has two characteristics of both education and pleasure. Secondly, regarding the attitude of teachers, most of them hold a positive attitude towards this approach, which can be attributed to the positive impact of gamification for learning on students with special educational needs, the school’s supporting system, parents’ trust, and the accumulation of practical experiences. However, one of the teachers does not agree with the implementation of gamification for student’s learning in an inclusive classroom, and holds a negative attitude of passive acceptance, which can be attributed to the lack of teaching strategies to support students with special educational needs as they participate in games, the relevant training experiences are not helpful, and unfavorable with school policies. Thirdly, in regards to the challenges faced by teachers implementing this approach, there are six aspects: firstly, it is challenge to support the whole class students participation in a gamification activity; secondly, it is difficult to design the playing method of games; thirdly, the negativity influence of gamification for learning increases the burden of classroom management; fourthly, it is necessary to support students with special educational needs to participate in games; fifthly, there might be some misunderstandings of gamification for learning from peer teachers or parents; sixthly, classrooms are limited with space and the resources of schools are insufficient. Fourthly, as for teachers’ strategies to cope with challenges, the strategies used by teachers are related to their attitudes. When teachers have a positive attitude to the approach, they are willing to try and solve the difficulties while implementing gamification for children’s learning with positive strategies. Vice versa, if teachers have a passive acceptance attitude, they may struggle to establish effective coping strategies. Finally, according to the results of this study, the researcher summarized the issues that need to be further addressed, and made several specific suggestions for the government, schools and teachers to implement gamification for children’s learning in future. At the same time, according to this study, the researcher would also like to make some suggestions for a future study, which can provide some references for the scholars of the related research field. 澳門幼兒教育階段以遊戲為基本學習方式的課程指引將近有10年時間，近年本土也有不少研究證實遊戲教學法應用於孩子的學習上，能帶來正面的影響。在政府推行遊戲為本的教育方針下，本研究目的旨在探討幼稚園教師對應用遊戲教學法於融合教育班的現況。 本研究以澳門幼稚園教師為焦點，探討其對遊戲教學法應用於融合教育班的實踐現況，分為四方面論述，一是教師對遊戲教學法的認知層面，二是其對遊戲教學法應用於融合教育班的態度，三是其實踐過程遇到的挑戰或困難，四是其應對挑戰的策略。透過質性研究的半結構式深度訪談法，了解來自本澳10所有參與融合教育學校的14位幼稚園教師之想法及意見。研究結果如下： 第一，整體教師能釐清遊戲教學法的內涵，明白遊戲活動須按從教學目標及教學內容為依據，其普遍認同遊戲教學法兼具教育性與愉悅性的特色。 第二，關於教師態度方面，大部份教師抱持積極正向的態度，歸其原因包括肯定遊戲教學法對特殊教育需要學生的正面影響、校方支持體系、家長的信任、實踐經驗的累積；同時，亦有個別教師是不贊成遊戲教學法應用於融合教育班，抱持被動接納的負向態度，歸其原因包括缺乏支援特殊需要學生參與遊戲的策略、相關培訓經歷幫助不大、學校政策的不利因素。 第三，關於教師面對的挑戰，包括六方面，一是遊戲活動需支持全班參與，二是難以構思遊戲活動的形式；三是遊戲教學負面的影響造成課堂管理的負擔；四是需要支援特殊需要學生在遊戲活動的狀況；五是同儕教師或家長對遊戲教學的誤解；六是教室空間狹窄以及學校資源配備不足。 第四，關於教師應對挑戰的策略，教師使用的策略與教師態度相關，當教師抱有積極正向的態度，便具信心，並會嘗試以正向的策略解決遊戲教學的困難；反之亦然，若教師產生被動接納的態度，便會感到退縮，未能建立有效的應對策略。 最後，根據本研究的結果，研究者總結出需進一步解決的問題，藉此對政府、學校及教師提出具體的建議，供日後推行遊戲化教學參考。同時依據本研究，提出研究展望，供未來進行相關研究領域的學者提供一些意見。

Macau school counselors’attitude toward inclusive education and challenges - Leong, Mei Ian (2024)
隨著教育理念的不斷發展，融合教育作為一種包容性強的教育模式，逐漸受到全球教育界的關注。在澳門，融合教育的實踐也逐步展開，而學生輔導員作為教育團隊中的重要一員，在融合教育工作中扮演著舉足輕重的角色。然而，在融合教育的實施過程中，學生輔導員也面臨著諸多挑戰，並因而需要不斷進行改正和完善。本文正是圍繞這些內容對澳門融合教育過程中學生輔導員角色作用的發揮方面的相關課題通過訪談調查等方法進行研究分析。 論文認為，從澳門學生輔導員對融合教育的認知與態度看，他們普遍認同融合教育的理念，認為這是一種促進學生全面發展、提升教育質量的有效途徑。然而，在融合教育的實際操作中，他們也深感責任重大，需要不斷學習和提升自己的專業能力，以更好地滿足融合生的多樣化需求。 在融合教育的實踐過程中，學生輔導員面臨著多方面的挑戰。一方面，他們需要識別融合生的多樣性與教育需求，制定個性化的教育計劃，並確保這些計劃的有效實施。這需要他們具備深厚的專業知識、豐富的實踐經驗和敏銳的觀察力。另一方面，他們還需要與教育團隊、家長以及社會資源進行有效的溝通和協作，共同為融合生創造一個良好的學習環境。 論文認為，當前澳門學生輔導員在融合教育的實踐中已經形成了一些有效的策略。例如，他們注重個性化教育計劃的制定與執行，通過多維度的輔導與激勵，激發學生的學習興趣和積極性；同時，他們也積極尋求家校合作與社會資源的整合，為融合生提供更多的支援和幫助。然而，學生輔導員在融合教育中仍然面臨著一些挑戰。首先，融合教育對學生輔導員的角色定位提出了更高的要求，他們需要不斷適應角色多樣性的挑戰，同時保持專業能力的提升。其次，融合教育中的特殊技能需求也讓學生輔導員感到壓力，他們需要在日常工作中不斷學習和提 升。最後，外部支持的不足也是學生輔導員面臨的一大挑戰，他們需要更多的政策支援和資源保障來更好地開展融合教育工作。 針對以上挑戰，澳門教育部門和學生輔導員團隊需要共同努力，明確學生輔導員的定位和職責，提升他們的專業能力和水準，並增強外部支援和保障。只有這樣，才能確保融合教育在澳門順利實施，為所有學生創造一個公平、包容、和諧的學習環境。 "With the continuous development of educational ideologies, inclusive education, as a highly inclusive educational model, has gradually garnered attention from the global education community. In Macau, the practice of inclusive education has also gradually expanded, and student counselors, as vital members of the educational team, play a pivotal role in the implementation of inclusive education. However, during the implementation process, student counselors face numerous challenges and are required to continually make improvements and enhancements. This paper focuses on these aspects and conducts research and analysis on the role of student counselors in Macau's inclusive education through methods such as interviews and surveys. The paper argues that from the perspective of Macau student counselors' cognition and attitudes towards inclusive education, they generally agree with the concept of inclusive education, believing it to be an effective way to promote students' comprehensive development and enhance the quality of education. Nevertheless, in the practical operation of inclusive education, they also feel a significant sense of responsibility and need to continuously learn and upgrade their professional skills to better meet the diverse needs of students with special educational needs. In the practical process of inclusive education, student counselors confront multifaceted challenges. On the one hand, they need to identify the diversity and educational needs of students with special needs, develop individualized educational plans, and ensure their effective implementation. This requires profound professional knowledge, rich practical experience, and keen observation skills. On the other hand, they must communicate and collaborate effectively with educational teams, parents, and social resources to create a favorable learning environment for these students. The paper posits that currently, Macau student counselors have developed some effective strategies in the practice of inclusive education. For instance, they emphasize the formulation and execution of individualized educational plans, stimulate students' interest and motivation through multidimensional counseling and incentives, and actively seek home-school cooperation and integration of social resources to provide more support and assistance to students with special needs. Nevertheless, student counselors still face challenges in inclusive education. Firstly, inclusive education imposes higher demands on the role positioning of student counselors, requiring them to continuously adapt to the challenges of role diversity while maintaining professional competence. Secondly, the special skill requirements in inclusive education create pressure for student counselors, who need to continually learn and improve in their daily work. Lastly, insufficient external support is also a significant challenge faced by student counselors, who require more policy support and resource guarantees to better carry out inclusive education work. In response to these challenges, the Macau education sector and student counselor teams need to work together to clarify the positioning and responsibilities of student counselors, enhance their professional capabilities and standards, and strengthen external support and guarantees. Only in this way can we ensure the smooth implementation of inclusive education in Macau, creating a fair, inclusive, and harmonious learning environment for all students. "

Exploring TikTok's impact on Macau’s youth culture and behavior - Ma, Man Hei (2024)
This proposed study looks into the popular TikTok app and its impact on the identity formation and expression of young people. It investigates how TikTok enables young individuals to create, share, and consume diverse and authentic content that reflects their interests, values, and experiences. People on the app can work together, take part in trends, and interact with others. Also, the paper dives into how TikTok gives people a place to chase their dreams and find out what other possibilities their lives could hold. It indicates how TikTok can have some good and bad effects on young generations in terms of culture and personal development. These youngsters could be the ones leading in the future. However, we also need to think about the possible dangers TikTok could pose to young people. This includes the chance that they come across something damaging, feel like they have to live up to hard-to-reach standards, have their private information leaked, or fall victim to someone with bad intentions. Because of these risks, it's very important to teach youngsters how to use TikTok in a way that's safe and responsible. The dissertation highlights the need for responsible usage, awareness of potential challenges, and the development of strategies to support the safe and healthy engagement of young people with TikTok and similar platforms.

THE COMMUNICATIVE-RECIPROCAL STRUCTURE OF THE FLESH: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LATER MERLEAU-PONTY’S ONTOLOGY OF THE BODY - Kan, Nga Lon (2024)
Though Cartesian dualism has been criticized for decades, it still prevails as a strongly dominant cultural mindset rooted in people’s minds, especially in the social environments that we experience. Along with it, there is not only a loss of attention to our own bodies but also a loss of the recognition of the experience of inter-subjective reciprocity. Therefore, I hope, through the methodology and virtue of phenomenology, especially from the phenomenological-ontological account of the body/flesh from the modern French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty, to help my readers to overcome convincingly and detach themselves from the traditional Cartesian mindset. I argue that the body is born as a communicative-reciprocal being that sustains a priori connection with all other things in the world, and with the world. The body is a lived body and a transcendental being that cannot be reduced to fit in the present reductionistic mathematical-scientific idealized frameworks. After pointing out the insufficiencies in traditional mathematical scientific and Cartesian accounts of the body in Chapter One, my argument will be unfolded along with reflections on the common experiences in daily life and the textual analyses respectively contributed by Merleau-Ponty’s works The Phenomenology of Perception, especially in Chapter Two, and The Visible and the Invisible, especially in Chapter Three.

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, PERCEIVED STRESS AND TEACHING EFFICACY OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS IN MACAO - Ng, Man Teng (2024)
The purpose of this study was to explore the current situation and the correlations between emotional intelligence, perceived stress and teaching efficacy of kindergarten teachers in Macao. The research method was questionnaire survey that used “The relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived stress and teaching efficacy of kindergarten teachers in Macao.” as a data collection tool, while the research object were the kindergarten teachers in public and private schools in Macao. A total of 269 valid questionnaires are recovered, the valid return rate was 100%. Statistical analysis was performed after the questionnaires were collected, the research results are summarized as follows: 1. The teachers’ emotional intelligence was at a high intermediate level. The significant differences of emotional intelligence were found among teachers with varying background variables such as marital status, teaching experience and inclusive education experience. 2. The teachers’ perceived stress was at a low intermediate level. The significant differences of perceived stress was found among teachers with varying background variables such as teaching experience. 3. The teachers’ teaching efficacy was at a high intermediate level. The significant differences of teaching efficacy were found among teachers with varying background variables such as marital status, teaching experience and inclusive education experience. 4. There was significant negative correlation between teachers’ emotional intelligence and perceived stress. 5. There was significant positive correlation between teachers’ emotional intelligence and teaching efficacy. 6. There was significant negative correlation between teachers’ perceived stress and teaching efficacy. 7. The teachers’ emotional intelligence and perceived stress could predict teaching efficacy. 本研究旨在探討澳門幼稚園教師情緒智力、壓力知覺與教學效能關係之現況及相關情形。研究方法是以問卷調查方式進行，以本澳公立及私立學校的幼稚園教師作研究對象。是次回收有效問卷為269份，問卷回收率達100%，問卷回收後進行統計分析。本研究結果顯示如下： 一、本澳幼稚園教師情緒智力達到中高程度，整體情緒智力因婚姻狀況、教學年資及融合教育經驗的不同而有顯著差異； 二、本澳幼稚園教師壓力知覺呈現中下程度，整體壓力知覺因教學年資的不同而有顯著差異。 三、本澳幼稚園教師教學效能達到中高程度，整體教學效能因婚姻狀況及融合教育經驗的不同而有顯著差異； 四、情緒智力與壓力知覺呈現負相關； 五、情緒智力與教學效能呈現正相關； 六、壓力知覺與教學效能呈現負相關。 七、情緒智力、壓力知覺對整體教學效能具有顯著預測力。 本研究依據上述研究之結果提出建議給予政府、學校行政機關、幼稚園教師及未來研究者作參考。

The relationship between family education environment and children’s online behavior-the mediating role of parents’ intervention in children’s online behavior - Lou, Si Man (2024)
In the era of data, Internet use has become the most forward-looking way of education and interaction for children. How does parental upbringing and Internet cognition in the family education environment affect children's Internet use behavior? The different influences derived from parental intervention. The different influences of parental intervention models are also of concern to parents. Children's Internet use is not only related to personal growth, but also involves family education models and effects. Most of the past research has focused on children rather than parents’ opinions and feelings. Through this research gap, we explore parents’ own opinions and evaluations on their children’s upbringing and Internet cognition. The research aims to expand the attention of policy advocates, social sectors and parents on issues related to parenting in Macao. During the period from April to June this year, quantitative research and statistical analysis will be used to provide targeted and convenient information to primary school students in Macao. Parents of children in high school and high school were taken as targets. Questionnaires were filled out in person and collected on online platforms. A total of 224 samples were collected. The study will further discover the relationship between parental upbringing and Internet cognition and children's Internet behavior. Parents' involvement in their children's Internet behavior may have an impact on these associations. Derived intermediary effects. Through data collection and research analysis, regression analysis is conducted on variables to determine the relationship between variables, explore the family upbringing and Internet cognition factors behind the Internet behavior of Macao children, and increase the theoretical and practical reference basis for parents. Provide reference for practical promotion of education, social services and family relations, and improve parents' insight into their children's online behavior. The research results emphasize that there is a correlation between parenting styles and children's online behavior. Authoritative parenting represents a higher defensive ability of children's online behavior, while authoritarian and permissive parenting represent weak defensive capabilities. The results also show that parents' involvement in online behavior is a pathway in relationships and affects the relationship between parenting and children's online behavior to a certain extent. Since there are not many related studies in Macao, the survey results are conducive to enriching the data on education, Internet cognition and Internet behavior in Macao, and can provide relevant people with beneficial data support to better understand the education methods in Macao. and family relationships. 數據化時代下，網絡使用成為子女最前瞻性的教育和互動方式，在家庭教育環境下的父母教養和網絡認知如何影響著子女網絡使用行為，在父母介入干預下所衍生的不同影響力，當中父母介入模式的不同影響亦是父母所關注的。子女網絡使用不僅關乎個人成長亦牽涉到家庭教育模式和效果。過往研究大多傾向子女身上而非父母觀點和感受上，透過本研究缺口探討父母自身對子女的教養、網絡認知等看法和評價。 研究旨在探討本澳子女網絡行為背後的家庭教養和網絡認知因素，增加父母在理論和實踐上的參考依據，提供教育、社會服務和家庭關係等的實務推動上的參考，提高父母對子女網絡行為的洞察力。本論文透過今年4至6月期間以量化研究。以有目的性和方便性向本澳育有初小至高中子女的父母作為對象，以當面填寫及網絡平台收集問卷，共收取樣本224份，研究將進一步發現父母教養和網絡認知與子女網絡行為的關係，而父母介入子女網絡行為對這些關聯可能衍生之中介效果。透過數據整埋和研究分析等在變數上進行迴歸分析，確定變數之間的關係。 研究結果強調，父母教養方式與子女網絡行為具有相關關係，權威型教養代表著子女網絡行為的防禦能力較高，相反專制型和寬容型教養則呈現防禦力較弱。結果亦顯示，父母介入網絡行為是關係中的途徑，一定程度下影響著父母教養和子女網絡行為的關係。由於本澳相關的研究並不豐富，調查結果有利於本澳在教養、網絡認知和網絡行為上的數據資料豐富，可以為相關人士提供有利的數據支援，更好地瞭解本澳的教養方式和家庭關係。再者，可透過研究結果擴大政策提倡者、社會業界和父母等對本澳父母教養等相關問題的關注。

Work-family balance: Research on strategies for coordinating work and family among dual-career families in Macao - Ho, Iok Cheng (2024)
澳門於1994年頒佈《家庭政策綱要法》，旨在支持家庭提升工作、房屋等的生活條件。澳門特區政府於2020年中修改《勞動關係法》，增加對家庭的支援，以回應澳門的發展需要。回顧有關工作與家庭衝突的文獻，大多針對弱勢家庭作探討，忽略雙職家庭也同樣面對困境。本研究之目的是為探討本澳雙職家庭的工作與家庭衝突情況，並在家庭友善政策推行不足的情況下，雙職家庭為求達致工作與家庭能夠平衡的協調策略。 為了作出深入的了解，本研究採用質性研究，邀請了20位雙職家庭的父母作為研究對象，與他們通過半結構式訪談收集資料。獲得資料後，以紮根理論進行編碼及分析。 本次研究發現有利於平衡雙職家庭的工作與家庭，與三大要有密切關係，包括1)家庭協調與資源；2)時間管理及3)社會支持。雙職父母運用自身家庭的資源協調模式，訂立出屬於個別家庭獨有的時間管理模式及分工；工作單位的友善氛圍及相應的彈性工作協調措施，也扶助了雙職家庭，達致家庭與工作中取得較為平衡的狀態。研究者根據以上的研究發現，為優化家庭友善政策作出一些建議，使雙職家庭能減少工作與家庭衝突的發生。

EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATED INTO 5E INQUIRY INSTRUCTION ON THE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDE OF JUNIOR STUDENT IN BIOLOGY LEARNING: TAKING "IMMUNE SYSTEM" AS AN EXAMPLE - Chao, Kuan Peng (2024)
With the continuous reform of education and the ongoing development of teaching methods by the Macao government, the teaching model of biology is also constantly evolving. The “5E” instructional model, proposed and developed by the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) in the United States, consists of a learning cycle divided into five phases: Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration, and Evaluation. Each phase begins with the letter “E,” hence it named as the 5E teaching model. This model is currently widely applied in inquiry-based teaching across multiple countries. This article is a research study on practical teaching, where the researcher attempts to integrate information technology with the 5E learining method in an 8th Grade biology class. The aim is to explore whether the learning attitudes and academic performance of middle school students can be enhanced in the context of the 21st century. The focus of this study is on the chapter about the “Immune System,” selecting two parallel classes of 8th Grade students from a secondary school in Macao as research subjects. One class uses the 5E model, while the other teaching with traditional lecturing methods. Through Document Analysis, equivalent-group design, and questionnaire surveys and lesson plan based on 5E model, statistical software SPSS 22 is used to analyze the data regarding students’ biology learning attitudes and academic performance, thereby assessing the effectiveness of teaching using the 5E model and identifying issues encountered during the teaching process to provide targeted teaching strategies. The research findings indicate: (1) There is no significant difference in the learning attitudes and performance of students in the experimental class compared to the control class regarding the immune system unit. (2) There is no significant difference in the learning attitudes and performance of students in the experimental class before and after receiving 5E teaching. (3) For students with average academic performance, the experimental class shows significant differences in learning interest and strategies compared to the control class after undergoing 5E teaching. (4) Among students with average academic performance in the experimental group, there is a significant difference in learning interest after 5E teaching compared to before. (5) Students express high satisfaction with the teacher’s integration of information technology into the 5E teaching model, which can stimulate their interest in learning natural sciences.

An Empirical Analysis of the Role of Xiaohungshu [Little Red Book] on Chinese tourists' Visiting Macao - Lam, Ka Kit (2024)
Today, social media has become one of the main marketing strategies used by marketers and practitioners to target travelers from all over the world. Macau is a city that relies heavily on tourism for economic development, however, little is known about how social media affects tourists’ choices to travel to Macau. This study explores the role of the popular social media platform Xiaohongshu in influencing Chinese tourists’ travel decisions and information acquisition when visiting Macau. This article uses qualitative research methods to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 participants. Research shows travelers rely on Xiaohongshu’s user-generated content and detailed guides. Food, route selection and itinerary arrangements, and short-term itinerary arrangements are the most frequently mentioned search tags by travelers. The platform’s personalized recommendations and efficient content presentation enhance the user experience, but concerns about content credibility remain, especially the potential for commercial bias in food recommendations. Travelers assess the credibility of content through a variety of strategies, including looking at multiple posts, evaluating user interactions, and the platform’s IP address display capabilities. Although travelers pay more attention to positive reviews when deciding to travel to Macau, users also consider travel pitfalls posts to improve their travel experience. In addition, travelers are less willing to share content on the Xiaohongshu platform after the trip, which is attributed to personal habits and perceived creativity complexity. The research results provide relevant practitioners with the perspectives and decision-making behaviors of Chinese travelers who use Xiaohongshu when making itineraries to Macau, and provide guidance for their marketing strategies.

GLOBAL ADOPTION OF CRYPTOCURRENCY: A THEMATIC NETWORK ANALYSIS OF EXTANT DOCUMENTS - Man, Tak Wa (2024)
Since the advent of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies have emerged as a transformative financial technology. Over the years, blockchain has provided decentralised and secure transaction methods that have become increasingly attractive to individuals and businesses, leading to their rapid global adoption driven by consumer preferences and the growing digitalisation of the financial system. This dissertation examines the factors influencing the widespread acceptance of cryptocurrencies, including their potential for the financial market, the impact of regulatory frameworks, and the role of blockchain technology. The research questions are: (RQ1) What is the degree of adoption of cryptocurrencies in different countries and regions (RQ2) What are the factors that influence the adoption of cryptocurrencies in different countries or regions as identified in extant research? (RQ3) What are the implications for countries or regions that have not adopted cryptocurrencies? This study analyses 108 documents, including university academic papers, financial report articles, etc. The analytical tools include automatic coding, manual coding, word cloud, word frequency table, cluster analysis, hierarchical chart in NVivo, followed by a thematic network analysis. Six keywords, ‘bitcoin’, ‘blockchain’, ‘financial’, and ‘market’ have the highest frequency. This study also analyse different regions with different degrees of cryptocurrency adoption separately: countries where cryptocurrencies are legal, countries that use Bitcoin as a legal tender, and countries that ban cryptocurrencies. The thematic network model indicates that while cryptocurrencies offer significant opportunities for innovation and economic growth, social awareness, government institutions, technology, security, price value, and individual consumer factors are critical to addressing inherent challenges and fostering a stable adoption environment. For non-cryptocurrency regions, rethinking their stance on cryptocurrencies is key to avoiding derailing world financial markets.

A STUDY OF MUSIC CURRICULUM PRACTICES ACROSS KINDERGARTENS IN MACAO - Ng, Ka Sin (2024)
This study employs qualitative research methods, conducting semi-structured interviews with ten kindergarten teachers in Macao. The study further analyses and summarises the participants' perceptions of music teaching, music curriculum design, teaching practices, practical challenges, and the support needed to develop music education. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. The study explores kindergarten teachers' perceptions and attitudes towards music teaching, revealing that all participants recognise the importance of fundamental music knowledge and skills, although there is a noticeable variation in the music proficiency level among teachers. A solid foundation in music is essential for delivering high-quality music instruction. Further to professional skills, teachers' attitudes towards music teaching also vary. While most participants are passionate about music education, some hold neutral or conservative views, and a few lack much interest. Their involvement in teaching is primarily driven by professional duties and school curriculum requirements, with some missing intrinsic motivation or enthusiasm for teaching music. Additionally, some teachers' limited interest in music teaching may be related to a lack of musical talent or confidence. 2. This study analyses the current state of music curriculum teaching in kindergartens. Most music instruction within kindergartens in Macao aligns with the guidelines provided by the Education and Youth Development Bureau, with two music classes arranged per week, each session lasting about 30 minutes. While thematic teaching is a significant model in kindergarten music curricula, over-reliance on it should be avoided. The study suggests that teachers should balance thematic teaching with systematically cultivating fundamental music knowledge and skills. Regarding staffing, music classes are typically co-taught by two classroom teachers, with one required to have instrumental skills. This arrangement supports more professional music instruction, enriches teaching content, and enhances children's musical experiences. However, challenges remain due to heavy teacher workloads and insufficient resources and facilities. Despite these limitations, kindergarten teachers in Macao continue to implement personalised teaching approaches and adopt diverse, innovative, and individualised teaching methods in their music curricula. The interviewed teachers demonstrated a broad and innovative approach to curriculum design and practice, reflecting their deep understanding and professional competence in early childhood music education. 3. Kindergarten teachers in Macao face various challenges in teaching music curricula, most due to the comprehensive and objective assessment of children's musical abilities. The study finds that teachers typically struggle to evaluate musical concepts, rhythm, creativity, interest, and engagement. Additionally, pronunciation accuracy and developmental differences among children are significant factors in the assessment process. 4. This study aims to delve into the challenges and needs faced by kindergarten teachers in music curriculum practice, particularly in music education. The findings indicate that the development of music education in kindergartens is influenced by multiple factors, with the level of importance and support given to music education by schools being a critical issue. Specifically, some participants noted that schools place limited emphasis on music education, prioritising core subjects such as language and English, while others reported that schools provide ample recognition and support for music education. This disparity leads to an imbalance in music teaching resources and environments, affecting teachers' ability to conduct music teaching activities effectively. While some schools place a high value on music education, overemphasising certain aspects of training may lead to an imbalanced development of music education. Furthermore, the study finds that kindergarten teachers have varying levels of musical background and teaching experience. Despite having a basic understanding of music, some teachers fall short in teaching methods and strategies, while others lack systematic music knowledge and skills. These differences in capability limit the quality of music instruction and hinder the comprehensive development of children's musical literacy. Finally, the researcher provides relevant recommendations based on these conclusions to guide future research. 本研究採用質性研究法,通過半結構訪談10位澳門幼稚園教師,並進一步加以分析與歸納探討了受訪者對音樂教學的認知、音樂課程設計、教學實況、實踐困境以及發展支持等方面的情況。研究結論如下： 1. 探討幼稚園教師對音樂教學的認知和態度,研究發現,所有受訪教師均認識到音樂基礎知識和技能的重要性,但教師之間的音樂技能水準存在一定差異。紮實的音樂基礎是開展高品質音樂教學的前提。除了專業技能外,教師對音樂教學的態度也有所不同,大部分受訪者對音樂教學充滿熱忱,但也有部分教師持中立或保守的態度,少數教師則缺乏興趣。他們參與教學主要是出於職責和學校課程安排,可能缺乏內在動力和熱情。此外,個別教師對音樂教學的興趣不足,這可能與其音樂天分不夠或自信心不足有關。 2. 本研究分析了幼稚園音樂課程的教學現狀。大多數澳門幼稚園的音樂教學安排符合教青局的指引,每週安排兩次音樂課,每節課時長約為30分鐘。雖然主題教學是幼稚園音樂課程的重要模式之一,但不宜過度依賴。研究指出,教師在進行主題教學的同時,應重視系統性培育音樂基礎知識和技能,並在兩者之間找出平衡。在教師配置方面,音樂課通常由兩位班主任共同執導,其中一位教師需具備樂器演奏能力,這樣的安排有助於提供更專業的音樂指導,豐富教學內容,並提升幼兒的音樂體驗。然而,問題在於教師的工作負擔較重,且在師資力量和教學設施等方面仍有不足。儘管面對環境的限制,澳門幼稚園教師仍靈活地開展自己的個性化教學,並在音樂課程中採用了多樣化、創新性和個性化的教學方法。受訪的幼稚園教師展現出了多元化、創新性的教學設計理念和實踐,充分體現了他們對幼兒音樂教育的深刻理解和專業素養。 3. 澳門的幼稚園教師在進行音樂課程教學時面臨多種挑戰,這些挑戰主要集中在如何全面且客觀地評估幼兒音樂能力。研究發現,教師們普遍在音樂概念、節奏感、創造力、興趣和參與度的評估方面遇到困難。此外,發音準確性和幼兒之間的發展差異也成為評估過程中的重要考慮因素。 4. 本研究旨在深入探討幼稚園教師在音樂課程實踐中面臨的挑戰與需求,尤其是在音樂教育方面。研究結果顯示,幼稚園的音樂教育發展受到多種因素的影響,其中學校對音樂教育的重視程度和支持力度的差異是關鍵問題之一。具體而言,有部分受訪者指出,學校對音樂教育的重視程度有限,更側重於語文、英語等主學科的教學；而另一些受訪者則表示,學校對音樂教育給予了充分的認可和支持。這種差異性導致了音樂教學資源和環境的不平衡,影響了教師開展音樂教學活動的能力和效果。 儘管一些學校非常重視音樂教育,但如果過度強調某一方面的培養,可能會導致音樂教育的發展失衡。此外,研究還發現,幼稚園教師的音樂專業背景和教學經驗存在較大差異,有些教師雖然具備音樂基礎,但教學方法和策略上有所欠佳,另一些教師缺乏系統的音樂知識和技能。這種能力上的差異不僅限制了音樂教學的品質,還阻礙了幼兒音樂素養的全面發展。最後,研究者依據上述結論據出相關建議,以提供給後續研究者為參考。

The Production of Marketspaces: Urbanization and Street Vendors in Areia Preta, 1970 - 1994 - Lou, Ka U. (2024)
This thesis applied Henri Lefebvre's “Production of Space” to analyze two productions of marketspaces to understand the urbanization of Areia Preta (黑沙環) between 1970 and 1994. In the early 1920s through the 1980s, Areia Preta (黑沙環) underwent land reclamation and urbanization, but its development lagged behind other reclaimed areas. The government seemed to lack a clear development plan for Areia Preta (黑沙環) and instead used it as a reserve land for future city expansion. From the 1940s to the 1960s, large numbers of refugees and immigrants flooded into Macau, overwhelming the government's ability to properly settle the population. As a result, Areia Preta (黑沙環) became an agricultural area with informal settlements. In 1966, the government announced an Urbanization Plan for Areia Preta (黑沙環), but it was limited in scope and did not fully develop the area. Another wave of immigrants arrived in the late 1970s, further increasing the shanty settlements in Macau. It was not until 1985 that the government began establishing “economic housing” to settle the shanty area inhabitants, marking the start of Areia Preta (黑沙環) ’s transition from agricultural to urban residential development. As more immigrants settled in Areia Preta (黑沙環) in the late 1970s, informal marketspaces emerged organically, with hawkers and street vendors occupying public spaces. This led to issues around 5 traffic, hygiene, crime, and food safety. In 1986, the government formalized these informal markets by establishing designated hawker zones and registering vendors. The culmination of this process was the opening of Iao Hon Market in 1994, which combined the functions of a marketplace, park, and social facilities. This influenced the development of market buildings in Macau in the 21st century.

Canvas Topography - Library as a Spatial Journey - Tam, Chi Pok (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Macau, a Special Administrative Region of China, is an impressive destination known for its unique blend of Chinese and Portuguese influences. With a history dating back centuries, Macau’s architecture tells the story of its rich former times. In recent years, Macau has faced a growing challenge due to its status as an overpopulated city. With limited land resources and a rapidly increasing population, there is a critical need to create additional spaces that cater to the intellectual and cultural development of its residents. Due to the increasing demand on housing, most of the available land is currently occupied and in consequence of that, the government had no choice but to develop innovative and expanding solutions. They established a ‘’reclamation area”, which is a land built from scratch that has the purpose of relieving the tension of insufficient land with entertaining facilities that can gather and attract communities. On this dissertation will concentrate on the social-educational aspects of the new Zone A development. The libraries will act as a focal center for all future residents in zone A, The fact that libraries are changing and becoming more than just places for preserving books is a major problem. It is important to think of the library as a multifunctional place that can accommodate not just traditional study spaces but also collaborative work, the development of digital media, events, and social gatherings in response to the evolving demands of the community, above all, the library should be the center for all the community involvement. Also would be used as a prototype to test this new form of library that explores the benefits and feasibility of implementing additional libraries and unusual architectural spaces in Macau while integrating them with other recreational facilities. Macau, known for its thriving tourism and entertainment industry, currently faces a scarcity of public spaces that promote intellectual and leisure activities. This study investigates the potential advantages of the implementation of recreation facilities that have the potential to meet the diverse needs of the community. To conclude, the implementation of more recreational facilities within libraries in Macau holds significant benefits for both residents and tourists. By combining these two elements, libraries can evolve into dynamic community hubs that fulfil a wide range of needs and interests.

Resource teachers’ attitudes toward and implementation of Inclusive Educational Plans (IEP) in Macau secondary schools: a case study approach - U, Sio Ian (2024)
This study explores the attitudes of resource teachers toward IEPs, identifies the challenges and facilitators that influence their implementation and the overall effectiveness of inclusive education practices in Macau. The findings of the study revealed resource teachers play a pivotal role in establishing and implementing IEP for students with special educational needs. Nevertheless, it is discovered that there is little significance of IEP for catering the needs of students with SEN in the actual inclusive educational environment despite the fact that most teachers recognize the importance of IEP. Findings also revealed that the current IEP is often seen as a limited reference tool, lacking practical application in the classroom. The absence of progress monitoring and effective evaluation negatively impacts the value of the IEP. Teachers'insufficient skills in assessing students’ progress and the limited content of the IEP further hinder its effectiveness in supporting students with SEN. The study highlights the need for improvements in practicality, evaluation, and content to enhance the effectiveness of IEP oncatering the needs of students with SEN. Meanwhile, the findings revealed obstacles including teachers' lack of professional knowledge, cumbersome administrative processes, limited human resources, low parent involvement, and inconsistent progress monitoring. These challenges hinder the effectiveness of IEP implementation. Oppositely, the only key facilitator, which is student progress, allows for reflection and adjustments in teaching practices. Improving teacher training, streamlining administrative procedures, increasing resources, enhancing parent involvement, and standardising progress monitoring are crucial for optimising IEP implementation and supporting students with special educational needs.

Teachers' Perspectives, Challenges, and Strategies for Integrating STEM Education into the Curriculum - Lam, Chi Seng (2024)
"This study investigates the perspectives, challenges, and strategies of STEM teachers in Macau as they integrate STEM education into their curricula. STEM teachers in Macau generally consider the integration of STEM education essential for enhancing students' creativity and problem-solving abilities. However, during the implementation process, they face challenges such as insufficient resources, limited opportunities for professional development, and difficulties in interdisciplinary collaboration, which restrict the effectiveness of STEM teaching. This study employed a qualitative research approach, conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with STEM teachers in primary and secondary schools in Macau to understand their experiences and needs. Purposeful sampling was used to ensure diversity and representativeness of the sample. The findings indicate that schools lack sufficient STEM teaching resources (such as equipment and materials), and limited professional development opportunities prevent teachers from effectively mastering new technologies and teaching methods. Furthermore, interdisciplinary teaching is constrained by challenges in collaboration and curriculum design. Low student engagement and insufficient parental support also affect the effectiveness of STEM education. The results suggest that schools should enhance resource allocation, promote professional development for STEM teachers in Macau, and encourage interdisciplinary teaching collaboration to improve the quality of STEM education, thus strengthening students' creativity and problem-solving skills. These findings offer valuable insights for STEM educators and policymakers to foster the comprehensive development of STEM education.

TOPOGRAPHIC MALL INTEGRATING NATURE-INSPIRED DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN ARCHITECTURE - Santos, Graça (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This dissertation explores the concept of a topographic shopping mall in Macau inspired by the region's mountainous landscapes and its potential to integrate nature within urban environments. As consumer preferences increasingly shift towards sustainable and health- oriented experiences, the incorporation of nature-inspired design principles emerges as a critical response to these demands. This study investigates how blending natural elements— such as local flora, organic forms, and water features—can enhance the shopping experience, fostering a deeper connection between individuals and their environment. The research addresses key questions regarding the effective integration of nature-inspired design in commercial architecture, the impact of these elements on user experience and well-being, and their influence on economic performance. By examining existing design strategies and their effects on visitor satisfaction, this dissertation aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the benefits associated with nature-inspired retail environments. Ultimately, the findings highlight the importance of creating biophilic spaces that not only fulfill practical needs but also promote health and a sense of community, positioning the topographic shopping mall as a potential model for future commercial developments.

Exploring the Emotional Connection Through User Interfaces and Aesthetic Design to Improve User Experience in Macau's Mobile Food Delivery Apps - Cheang, Hoi Kan (2024)
In the everchanging environment of the digital era, incorporating new technologies has become a critical engine for company development and progress Mobile applications, for example, have emerged as important tools for reaching and engaging a diverse client base These apps° user interface ¥UI¦ design is essential to this engagement since it directly influences the ease of use, user experience ¥UX¦, and, ultimately, the organisation°s overall reputation Macau has experienced a significant shift in food delivery service in recent years, with a quick transition to an online platform Three significant companies have emerged in this fastpaced atmosphere, each vying for a piece of the market These platforms act as meal order brokers, linking customers and restaurants, with most eateries available on all three apps In this situation, it is vital to identify the factors that influence clients to pick one application over another Simultaneously, pinpointing the pain points inside competitors° applications that generate unhappiness among certain customers becomes a crucial goal This research aims to uncover the primary factors influencing user app preferences in the Macau food delivery business, providing insight into the strengths and weaknesses that impact customer choices and, as a result, the trajectory of these organisations

COUPLE THERAPY IN MACAO: SOCIETY AND PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTION - Nascimento, Do; Maria, Rejane (2024)
The current quantitative study aims to understand/investigate the perception of Macao society towards couple therapy and therapists and the perception of Macao's professionals working with couples about couple therapy services in Macao. Given the small sample of this study of professionals who work as therapists for couples in Macao, this indicates that there is not a large number of them. The result of the research indicates also a general positive attitude of professionals towards clients but also indicates that couple therapy needs improvement. The sample used to measure the society shows that the society manifested moderate positive attitudes toward couple therapy. However, the findings may reveal that there are still weak points of societal knowledge and contact for couples therapy services. The outcome manifested that Macao has limited literature about Family and Couple Therapy which may be relevant to understand the poor knowledge of the society related to this field. The current study suggests the elaboration of future studies about Couple Therapy services and about the concept of couple therapy to promote therapeutic service to couples and academic researchers that promote governmental support to offer professionals validation.

INNOVATIVE USE OF GAMIFICATION FOR CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN MACAU :THE CASE STUDY OF “ I MACAU ” - Chen, Si Yu (2025)
With the rapid development of mobile network, APP has become an important platform for children to acquire knowledge, entertainment and learning. Environmental education APPs have great potential to cultivate children's environmental awareness with the feature of “edutainment” and “fun”, as well as to stimulate their interest in learning and change their behavioral habits. Starting from children's UI and UX design, we use creative and child-friendly design to enhance the attractiveness of the product and the user's adhesion. Through quantitative research, we investigate the market and user needs, and analyze competitors. Through qualitative research, we analyze the content of the product using educational psychology as a starting point. The main motivation of this study is to enhance children's interest in environmental protection and their sense of social responsibility through game- based teaching, in view of the environmental problems in Macao and the world.

A FINANCIAL VALUATION OF FORD MOTOR COMPANY - Brito, Martins De; Ermickson, Staline (2025)
Ford Motor Company (Ford) is an American car manufacturer and one of the leading automobile manufacturers with over a century of history in the auto industry. The Company is headquartered in the United States, in Dearborn, Michigan. However, it has operations in over 125 countries around the world, including Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America, offering a wide range of vehicles under the Ford and Lincoln brands. The Company has demonstrated resilience and adaptability in response to shifts according to consumer preferences, technology advancements, and government regulations. The company has been investing constantly to restructure and position itself and remain competitive. Therefore, finding strategies to boost sales and get high returns from invested capital is a must for the company to keep its market share, even though this is still a challenge due to the nature of the automotive industry, which brings intense competition from both traditional and new entrants, particularly EV manufacturers. In this study the focus is not only to estimate the intrinsic value of Ford Motor Company as of 31, December 2023, but also to analyze essential aspects of the company including SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter’s five forces analysis to get a framework of internal and external environment of the company which enables us to identify strategic opportunities, competitive advantage, vulnerabilities, and threats of the Company. After understanding the dynamics of the company and the economic overview, which are crucial to predict the impact of key assumptions when evaluating the company’s intrinsic value. For the second part of our study, the attention goes to the financial analysis of both historical and forecasted financial statements that are extremely important to apply for the Discounted Cash Flow valuation methods and later to perform a sensitivity analysis to understand the Company’s financial performance. Therefore, Ford Motor Company’s intrinsic value from the three discounted cash flow models leads us to conclude that the Ford stock’s price is currently undervalued, and it is expected to grow in the future.

INDOOR AIR QUALITY(IAQ) ASSESSMENT IN SEVERAL SITES IN MACAO - Ye, Wen Long (2025)
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a critical public health concern given that individuals spend approximately 90% of their time in enclosed environments. Poor IAQ has been linked to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and cognitive impairment, while improvements in air quality have demonstrated measurable benefits, including enhanced workplace productivity (2 to 7 times greater efficiency) and reduced prevalence of asthma and allergies. This study investigates IAQ across diverse occupational settings in Macao, employing a combination of environmental sampling and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) exposure model to assess health risks associated with prolonged indoor exposure. Field sampling was conducted in five representative workplaces (restaurants, student dormitories, auto repair shops, offices, and parking security rooms), and particulate matter was collected from air conditioning filters to detect heavy metal content in the samples. Subsequently, we applied the PMF model to analyze the pollution sources and the US EPA exposure model to assess health risks and evaluate the carcinogenic risks in the five representative workplaces. The forward matrix factorization (PMF) model identified six major pollution sources: traffic emissions (23.8%, Zn/Sb), building materials (21.6%, Al/Ti), cooking activities (18.5%, Na/Ca), chemicals (15.2%, Ag/B), electronic devices (12.3%, Tl), and outdoor activities (8.6%, Co/Ni). The health risk assessment using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) exposure model showed that the overall non-carcinogenic risk (HI = 6.16×10-6) and carcinogenic risk (6.57×10-9) were below the safety threshold, indicating that its direct health hazard was minimal. However, nickel and chromium were identified as the main contributors to potential long-term risks.This study is currently only a preliminary exploratory study and provides a basis for subsequent research.These findings underscore the necessity for site-specific IAQ management strategies, such as enhanced mechanical ventilation, air filtration upgrades, and occupancy regulations. The study provides policymakers with evidence-based insights to mitigate health risks in high-exposure environments while establishing a framework for future IAQ monitoring in urban settings.

ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MICROPLASTICS IN THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS OF MACAO: ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE AND NON-MANGROVE AREAS - Lam, Hao Cheng (2025)
The pervasive presence of microplastics in the environment constitues a significant challenge for internationalntern conservation efforts. Since the increase in anthropogentic activities and inadequate plastic waste management over all years, Macao coastal ecosystems have been greatly impacted. Therefore, it is essential to assess the presence and characteristics of microplastics in both waters and sediments along the coastlines of Macao particularly focusing on mangrove and non-mangrove areas. This evaluation aims to gather data on the sources, transport mechanisms, and ecological impacts of microplastics in Macao's coastal waters. A recent local report has indicated that Macao's water sources are not completely free from contamination. This has become a significant concern, as coastal and wastewater sources are heavily polluted with microplastic particles. Macao has been referred to as one of the world's most pressing plastic ocean pollution areas, with one of the highest rates of such pollution globally. Microplastics, however, are not the only plastic pollutant found, as nanoplastics have been found in shore waters, harming ocean ecosystems and becoming incorporated into the food chain. This research was used to quantitatively estimate the density and occurrence of microplastics in Macao coastal ecosystems in mangrove and non-mangrove areas (Taipa Mangroves Wetland, Cotai Ecological Reserve, Coloane Village Wetland) and Hac Sa beach. The results show that the non-mangrove site has a density of microplastics at 267.98 pieces/kg, which has the lowest of all the sampling stations, and Taipa Mangroves Wetland, with the highest concentration of microplastics within the forest among the sampling stations in the mangrove zone of Macau. This research can also provide useful information for environmental conservation and management plans.

澳門特殊教育教師職業成就感現狀調查研究 - Pun, Lai Ieng (2025)
The Administrative Regulation No. 29/2020 on the Special Education System has been officially implemented since September 2021. The promulgation and enforcement of this important regulation mark that Macao's special education cause has entered a new era of development. In the overall system of special education, the teaching staff has always played a vital role. Their professional literacy, teaching status, and career feelings directly affect the quality and effectiveness of special education, and further concern the growth and future development of special students. This study focuses on the group of special education teachers in Macao, with the core goal of in-depth exploring various situations in their career. Specifically, it mainly revolves around teachers' current status, including their actual feelings in the teaching process, faced difficulties and challenges, as well as their demands and expectations for professional development. Meanwhile, it emphasizes the analysis of the current situation of teachers' professional achievement motivation, understanding the inner satisfaction and achievement gained in special education work, and further explores various factors affecting teachers' professional achievement motivation, such as the school management environment, parents' cooperation degree, society's cognition and support for special education, and teachers' own professional growth background. This study adopts qualitative research methods and semi-structured interviews, uses Grounded Theory three-level coding to carefully and deeply interpret teachers' statements, so as to extract core information and key themes. On this basis, it summarizes and draws research conclusions: Social perception shows obvious polarization in the public's cognition of special education teachers;School environment indicates that the working environment has an important impact on teachers' professional achievement motivation. The lack of effective communication and collaboration mechanisms among colleagues, and even interpersonal conflicts, lead to teachers' difficulty in obtaining good interpersonal support and cooperative atmosphere at work, reducing their work enthusiasm and achievement motivation; Personal development shows that teachers generally lack clear plans and specific schemes for career planning, thus hindering long-term career development. This study further proposes a series of practical countermeasures and suggestions, aiming to improve the professional achievement motivation of special education teachers in Macao from multiple aspects, including school management, educational policy formulation, social support system construction, and teachers' own professional development, so as to provide solid talent support and guarantee for the sustainable development of Macao's special education cause. It ensures that every special student can obtain sufficient growth and development opportunities in a high-quality educational environment, better integrate into society, and realize their own value and potential. 《特殊教育制度》第29/2020號行政法規自2021年9月起正式落地實施，這一重要法規的頒布與執行，標誌著澳門特殊教育事業踏入了一個全新的發展時期。在特殊教育的整體體系中，教師隊伍始終扮演著至關重要的角色，其專業素養、教學狀態以及職業感受等各個方面，均直接影響著特殊教育的質量與成效，進而關乎特殊學生的成長與未來發展。 本研究將目光聚焦於澳門特殊教育教師群體，以深入探究其在職業生涯中的多種情況為核心目標。具體而言，主要圍繞教師自身當下的狀態，包括其在教學過程中的實際感受、面臨的困難與挑戰，以及在專業發展方面的訴求與期望；同時著重對教師職業成就感的現狀進行剖析，了解在特殊教育工作過程中收穫的內心滿足感及成就感；並進一步挖掘影響教師職業成就感的各類因素，如學校管理環境、家長配合程度、社會對特殊教育的認知與支持力度，以及教師自身的專業成長背景等多個層面。本研究採用質性研究方法和半結構訪談法，運用紮根理論三級編碼對教師們的言辭進行細緻拆解與深入解讀，從而提取出核心資訊與關鍵主題，並在此基礎上進行歸納總結，最終得出的研究結論，社會評價：大眾對特殊教育教師的認知呈現出明顯的兩極分化。學校環境： 工作環境方面對教師職業成就感產生重要影響。同事之間缺乏有效的溝通協作機制，甚至存在人際衝突，導致教師在工作中難以獲得良好的人際支持與合作氛圍，降低其工作積極性與成就感。個人發展： 教師在職業生涯規劃方面普遍缺乏明確的打算與具體的計劃，從而對長期職業發展產生了一定的阻礙。 本研究進一步提出了一系列切實可行的對策與建議，旨在從學校管理、教育政策制定、社會支持體系建設以及教師自身專業發展等多個方面著手，提升澳門特殊教育教師的職業成就感，為澳門特殊教育事業的可持續發展提供堅實的人才支撐和保障。確保每位特殊學生都能在優質的教育環境中獲得充分成長與發展的機會，更好地融入社會，實現自身價值與潛能。

了解照顧者與幼兒互動對語言發展的影響：澳門的社會工作研究 - Lam, Fong Chan (2025)
This study explored the influence of Macao caregivers' interaction with young children on language development, and analyzed the family language environment,sociolect-cultural influence and the current language development support system from the perspective of social work. A qualitative research method was used to analyze the interaction pattern and the progress of language development through in-depth interview and observation. The study found that the overuse of electronics, caregiver interaction and multilingual environment affected language development to different degrees, and made suggestions on how social workers should intervene and improve the support system for language development.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PICTURE CARD EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TRANINING ON THE COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR OF NON-VERBAL STUDENT WITH RETT SYNDROME. - Lio, Ka Ian (2025)
本研究旨在圖卡兌換溝通系統訓練對無口語能力的雷特氏症學生溝通行爲之學習成效，此研究會以單一個案研究的A-B設計進行，以一位高中的雷特氏症學生為研究對象，以圖卡兌換溝通系統（Picture Exchange Communication System，簡稱 PECS）的第一階段和第二階段作為研究目標。由研究者及助理員一同記錄個案在進行研究時的結果，經過研究結果顯示： 一.圖卡交換溝通系統（PECS）階段一對雷特氏症狀的學生具有學習之成效。 二.圖卡交換溝通系統（PECS）階段二對雷特氏症狀的學生具有學習之成效。 本研究綜合上述結果，提出對教導雷特氏症學生溝通行爲教學提供相關建議。 This study aims to investigate the learning outcomes of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) training on the communication behaviors of non-verbal students with Rett Syndrome. The research will adopt a single-case A-B design, focusing on a high school student with Rett Syndrome. The first and second phases of PECS will be set as the research objectives. The researcher and assistant will jointly record the case's performance during the study. The results show that:. Results show: 1.PECS Stage 1 is effective for students with Rett syndrome. 2.PECS Stage 2 also shows effectiveness for these students. Based on these findings, the study offers relevant suggestions for teaching communication behaviors to students with Rett syndrome.

CHANGES IN THE CONCEPT OF “HYGIENE” IN THE LATE QING DYNASTY – TAKING MACAU AS AN EXAMPLE - Wong, Si Nga (2025)
“Hygiene”, a “concept” discussed throughout this thesis, is now regarded as a necessary means to ""protect life"". It is generally believed that hygiene has a certain relationship to infectious diseases, and its definition is based on modern Western “hygiene” theory. In fact, the concept of “hygiene” also existed in ancient China, but the definition of “hygiene” differed from that in the West. In order to better distinguish between the two, the following thesis uses the word “wei sheng” for the traditional Chinese concept of “hygiene”. Its meaning refers to how people prevent diseases in their daily lives, including eating habits, daily life, and so forth, in order to achieve the related ideal of longevity, an interpretation that differs from the current definition of hygiene introduced from the West. This thesis will explain the difference between the two. In addition, this thesis uses Macau as a case study and example. As a place that was once colonized by Western countries, Macau has been particularly directly influenced by these modern ideas. Among them, the Western concept of “hygiene” was spread and implemented with the Portuguese management of Macau, especially in the construction of hospitals and measures taken in response to multiple plagues in the 19th century. How did the Chinese in Macau view these Western concepts? What changes did they prompt in Macau? This thesis will mainly discuss four questions. How did hygiene concepts change in China during the late Qing Dynasty? Taking Macau as an example, how did the Chinese view these changes? Did they prompt any conflicts between cultures? What was the relationship between changes in hygiene concepts and measures implemented to handle plagues and epidemics?

VERTICAL EXTENSION NATURE INTEGRATED HIGH RISE MIXED-USE BUILDING - Liang, Yi (University of Saint Joseph, 2025)
This dissertation investigates how to alleviate the shortage of green space in high-density urban areas. It explores a design approach that integrates green plants into high-rise mixed-use buildings, especially the green plants growing on vertical space and building facade of a high-rise building. To develop specific design principles and design methods, this study conducts a literature review and case studies in the following two ways. First, this study explores three key themes that are regarded as design concepts in my graduation project, namely vertical greenery, sky garden, and low-carbon design. Based on these themes, this study further explores the implied design principles, which include (1) balancing ecology and aesthetics, (2) ensuring spatial equity, and (3) sustainability. Secondly, super high-rise buildings, mixed-use buildings, and nature-integrated buildings are three typological cases that are analyzed in this study. Based on an analysis of these cases, this study develops the following design methods that apply to my graduation project: (1) double-skin facade system, (2) structural symbiosis, (3) hierarchical sky gardens, and (4) three-dimensional green network. To better understand how to increase green space in high-density urban areas, this study develops an architectural design scheme in Zone D of Macau’s new town. 本论文旨在研究如何缓解高密度城市区域的绿地短缺问题。它探索了一种将绿色植物融入高层综合用途建筑的设计方法，尤其关注在高层建筑的垂直空间和建筑外立面上生长的绿色植物。 为了形成具体的设计原则和设计方法，本研究通过以下两种方式开展了文献综述与案例研究。首先，本研究探讨了三个关键主题，这些主题被视为本人毕业设计中的设计理念，即垂直绿化、空中花园和低碳设计。基于这些主题，本研究进一步挖掘了其中隐含的设计原则，包括：（1）平衡生态与美学；（2）保障空间公平；（3）可持续性。其次，本研究对超高层建筑、综合用途建筑和自然融合型建筑这三类典型案例进行了分析。在案例分析的基础上，本研究总结出适用于本人毕业设计的以下设计方法：（1）双层表皮系统；（2）结构共生；（3）层级化空中花园；（4）三维绿色网络。为了更深入地理解如何在高密度城市区域增加绿地，本研究在澳门新城 D 区规划了一个建筑设计方案。

A STUDY ON THE ATTITUDES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TOWARDS INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AT A SCHOOL NOT PARTICIPATING IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PROGRAM IN MACAU - Lao, Nim Teng (2025)
This study focuses on the field of inclusive education using qualitative methods, conducting semi-structured interviews with eight secondary school teachers in a school in Macau that is not participating in inclusive education programs. Employing ecological systems theory, it explores their understanding, perceptions, willingness toward inclusive education, the challenges they face, and their suggestions. The findings reveal that interactions among various systemic levels shape teachers' attitudes. At the macrosystem, limited societal understanding and prevalent public prejudices against students with special needs influence teachers' perceptions and acceptance. The exosystem highlights a lack of professional training and policy support, undermining teachers' capabilities and confidence. Communication barriers between teachers, parents, and colleagues within the mesosystem hinder the exchange of information about students with special needs. At the microsystem, teachers' personal perceptions and experiences mold their attitudes, where stereotypes and negative experiences impact their approach and, consequently, student learning. To address these challenges, teachers suggest that Macau should establish bachelor's degree programs, enhance teacher training, and increase societal advocacy. Additionally, schools should create teams focused on inclusive education and ensure the provision of necessary resources. Based on these insights, this study suggests that school should build inclusive education teams and provide school-based training programs, and the government should improve the practicality of teacher training and enhance public and parental understanding of inclusive education, to facilitate its effective implementation by teachers. 本研究聚焦於融合教育領域，採用質性研究方法，透過半結構式訪談收集 八位澳門非參與融合教育計劃學校中學教師的見解，並以生態系統理論為框 架，探討他們對融合教育的認知、看法、實施意願和挑戰，以及他們的建議。 研究發現，各系統間相互的影響形成了教師的態度。在宏觀系統上，社會 對融合教育的認識不足、大眾對融合生的偏見會影響教師對融合生的看法和接 納程度。在外部系統中，教師感受到專業培訓和政策支持的缺失，削弱了他們 實施融合教育的能力和信心。而在中間系統，教師與家長及同事的溝通上出現 障礙，使得教師在獲取融合生信息方面遭遇挑戰。微觀系統中，教師的認知和 經驗進一步塑造了他們的態度，他們雖認識到融合生有特殊需求，但對融合生 的刻板印象影響着學生的發展。此外，失敗的經驗、工作壓力也對他們的態度 造成負面影響，繼而影響到學生的學習。受訪教師提出，高等院校應設立學士 學位，政府應加開教師培訓，同時加強社會宣導，學校亦應建立融合教育小組 和提供適當的設備，以改善現存的問題。 基於上述發現，本研究建議學校成立融合教育小組和提供校本培訓，並呼 籲政府加強教師培訓的實用性、提高家長和公眾對融合教育的宣導，以協助教 師有效實施融合教育。

STRESS LEVELS AMONG MAINSTREAM SCHOOL TEACHER IN MACAO WORKING WITH STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY - Lei, U. Teng (2025)
This study investigates the stress levels experienced by mainstream schoolteachers in Macao when working with students with special educational needs (SEN). Using a quantitative research approach, the study examines the current conditions faced by these educators. ""Mainstream schools"" in this context refer to private school not participating in the government’s inclusive education program. The research employed a questionnaire survey targeting kindergarten, primary, and secondary school teachers across Macao’s mainstream schools. Data were collected using a self-designed instrument, the Macao Mainstream Teachers’ Stress Questionnaire in Working with SEN Students, through via snowball sampling. A total of 92 valid responses were received. Statistical analyses—including one-sample t-tests, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM)— were conducted, obtaining the following results: 1. Macao mainstream schoolteachers reported moderate-to-high stress levels when working with SEN students, with the ""student behavioral issues"" representing the most significant stress domain. 2. No significant differences in overall stress or subscale scores were observed across teachers’ gender, teaching experience, educational qualifications, or teaching stages（kindergarten/primary/secondary 3. Teachers with different professional backgrounds exhibited significant differences in overall stress, student-related issues, curriculum and teaching , and professional competence, but not in support systems. 4. Significant differences in support systems were found among teachers holding different roles or teaching different student types, though no disparities emerged in other dimensions. 5. Student-related issues, professional competence, and support systems with a notable directional influence with curriculum and teaching. Also significant correlations were identified between Professional competence and support systems. Based on these findings, the study proposes actionable recommendations for educational authorities, school administrators, frontline teachers, and future researchers. 本研究主要探討澳門普通學校教師在面對有特殊教育需要學生時的壓力情 況，透過量性研究的方法，了解澳門普通學校教師的實際情況。普通學校是指沒 有參與政府融合教育計劃的私立學校。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以全澳普通學校的中、小、幼教師為研究對象，以 自編的「澳門普通教師在面對有特殊教育需要學生時的壓力調查問卷」為研究工 具蒐集數據。研究採用滾雪球方式填答，共收回有效問卷91 份。使用單一樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子等級變異數據分析、單因子變異數據分析、驗證性因子分析、構建結構方程模型統計方法，進行資料處理分析，獲得結果如下： 一、 澳門普通學校教師在面對有特殊教育需要學生時壓力現況呈「中等程度」， 其中「學生問題」層面的壓力相對最大。 二、 不同性別、服務年資、最高學歷、任教學段在整體教師壓力及各層面上沒有顯著差異。 三、 不同專業背景教師在「整體壓力」、「學生問題」、「課程教學」、「專業能力」上有顯著差異。而在「支持系統」上沒有顯著差異。 四、 擔任不冋職務及教授不同學生類型的教師在「支持系統」上有顯著差異。 而在其他層面上沒有顯著差異。 五、 「學生問題」、「專業能力」及「支持系統」與「課程教學」呈預測效應。 「專業能力」與「支持系統」呈顯著相關。 最後，本研究根據研究成果提出具體建議，供教育相關部門、學校行政、前線教師及未來研究者參考應用。

A STUDY ON THE ENGLISH LEARNING OUTCOMES AND MOTIVATION OF FIRST-GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS USING DIGITAL GAME-BASED LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF THE WORDWALL DIGITAL GAME PLATFORM - Ng, Weng I. (2025)
This study explores the influence of digital game-based learning on the English learning outcomes and learning motivation of first-grade primary school students in a private girls' school in Macau. The researcher used the Wordwall digital game platform as the medium and conducted teaching experiments using the quasi-experimental research method. Two classes were divided into the experimental group (n=24) and the control group (n=21) according to the convenient sampling method. The digital game-based learning method was integrated into the teaching materials and school-based self-compiled content. The experimental group implemented the digital game-based learning method for 8 weeks. Using the Wordwall game platform once a week, and 20 minutes each time, the control group maintained the traditional didactic teaching method. The research tools included a self-compiled learning effectiveness test and a learning motivation scale. The total score of the learning effectiveness test was 40 points, and the total score of the learning motivation scale was 120 points. Data analysis was conducted using paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests. The research results show that: (1) The score of the experimental group in the post-test of learning outcomes was slightly higher than the control group, indicating that the digital game-based learning method has a positive impact on students' learning outcomes. (2) In terms of learning motivation, the post-test score of the experimental group was slightly higher than the pre-test score, while the control group showed the opposite, indicating that the digital game-based learning method has a positive impact on students' learning motivation. According to the research results, it is suggested that the following can be revised in future studies including (1) expand the scope of research samples and objects, (2) extend the time of teaching experiments, (3) adopt diversified assessment tools, (4) consider teaching environment and teacher factors, (5) conduct learning analysis for individual differences, and (6) carry out cross-disciplinary integration and teaching mode innovation. Exploring the impact of digital game-based learning on students' learning outcomes and motivation from more diverse perspectives. 本研究旨在探討數位遊戲式學習對澳門某私立女校小學一年級學生的英語學習成效和學習動機之影響。研究者以Wordwall數位遊戲平台為媒介，並透過準實驗研究法來進行教學實驗，將兩個班級按方便取樣的方式分為實驗組（n=24）和控制組（n=21），把數位遊戲式學習法融入教材和校本自編內容當中，實驗組實施為期8週的數位遊戲式學習法，每週使用Wordwall遊戲平台1次，每次使用時間為20分鐘；控制組則維持傳統講述法教學，研究工具包含自編的學習成效測驗卷和學習動機量表，學習成效測驗卷的總分為40分，學習動機量表的總分為120分，並以配對樣本t檢定與獨立樣本t檢定進行數據分析。 研究結果顯示：（1）在學習成效方面，實驗組的後測得分稍微高於控制組，顯示數位遊戲式學習法對學生的學習成效具正面影響。（2）在學習動機方面，實驗組的後測分數稍微高於前測分數，控制組則相反，顯示數位遊戲式學習法對學生的學習動機具正面影響。 根據研究結果顯示，建議未來的研究可擴大研究樣本和對象範圍、延長教學實驗的時間、採用多元化的評量工具、考慮教學環境和教師因素、針對個別化差異進行學習分析、進行跨領域整合和教學模式創新，以更多元的角度探討數位遊戲式學習對學生學習成效和學習動機的影響。

Financial Valuation of Starbucks Ltd. - Vong, Ho Kio (2025)
Financial Valuation of Starbucks Ltd.

澳門長期線上教學融合教育資源教師的工作壓力與之因應之研究 - Tang, Ieng I. (2025)
This study aims to explore the work stress and coping strategies of inclusive education resource teachers in Macau primary schools during long-term online courses. Based on the findings, the study seeks to understand the characteristics of work stress and coping mechanisms among primary school resource teachers, providing recommendations for future practices and references for relevant educational authorities. The research methodology involved interviewing seven primary school resource teachers, with interview data analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed six sources of work stress for resource teachers in long-term online courses: First, parental and Societal Expectation Stress: Pressure from parental supervision, passive cooperation, and challenges in teaching innovation exacerbate psychological burdens, impacting online teaching effectiveness and teacher-student interaction quality. Second, technological Adaptation and Resource Limitations: Teachers face technological challenges, financial burdens, and environmental disruptions, affecting online teaching quality and efficiency. Third, workload and Career Development Stress: Online teaching intensifies dual responsibilities, peer competition, and salary inequity, worsening occupational stress and job dissatisfaction. Fourth, student Learning Outcomes and Behavior: Students’ technological inadequacies, lack of focus, low cooperation, difficulty in receiving feedback, and emotional issues increase teaching burdens and hinder online interaction effectiveness. Fifth, personal Health and Work-Life Balance: Online teaching exacerbates physical and mental strain, including physical fatigue, role conflict, and pandemic-related anxiety, undermining teaching stability and occupational security. Sixth, policy and Institutional Constraints: Ambiguous policies and poor course arrangements during the pandemic heighten decision-making pressure and psychological strain, diminishing teaching efficacy. In response to these stressors, teachers adopted tailored coping strategies. Finally, based on the findings, this study proposes recommendations for educational authorities, schools, primary school resource teachers, personal well-being, and future research. 本研究旨在探討澳門小學長期線上教學融合教育資源教師的工作壓力和因應的方式，並根據研究結果，了解小學資源教師的工作壓力與因應特性，以作為未來實務之建議及相關教育單位參考。在研究方法上，共訪談七位小學資源教師，並透過主題分析法分析訪談資料。研究結果發現小學資源教師的長期線上教學工作壓力來源有六個：（1）家長與社會期望壓力：家長監督壓力、消極合作與教學創新挑戰加劇教師心理負擔，影響線上教學成效與師生互動品質；（2）技術適應與資源限制：教師面臨技術挑戰、經濟負擔與環境干擾，影響線上教學品質與效能；（3）工作負擔與職業發展壓力：線上教學加重教師雙重任務、同儕競爭與薪資失衡，加劇職業壓力與工作不滿；（4）學生學習效果與行為：學生技術與專注力不足、配合度低、回饋難掌握及情緒問題，加劇教師教學負擔，影響線上互動成效；（5）個人健康與生活平衡：線上教學致教師身心負荷加劇，其中包括生理疲勞、角色衝突與疫情焦慮，衝擊教學穩定性與職業安全感；（6）政策與制度限制：疫情間政策模糊與課程安排失當，加劇教師決策壓力與心理負荷，影響教學效能。而針對疫情期間不同的壓力源，教師採取相對應的壓力因應方式。最後，本研究根據研究結果對教育主管機關、學校單位、小學資源教師、生活方面及未來進行之研究，提出相關建議。

ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN RAINWATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT ROOF MATERIALS IN MACAO - Xie, Xin Ran (2025)
This study examined the microbial contamination characteristics of three different roof materials (green roof, metal roof, and concrete roof) during rainfall events. Through runoff samples collected from multiple rainfall events in the experimental rainwater collection system model, the pollution characteristics of total colony-forming units, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms were analyzed in combination with water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and electrical conductivity. The study using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and found that the microbial contamination load of initial rainwater was significantly higher than that of subsequent runoff. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in microbial contamination caused by different roof materials. The results show that the metal roof performed the best in terms of microbial control, while the green roof had the poorest microbial control efficiency. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that turbidity and conductivity were significantly positively correlated with microbial contamination, confirming that pollutants and nutrient ions are core factors driving microbial proliferation. Moreover, the metal roof exhibited outstanding disinfection efficacy under direct sunlight (microbial survival rate 0.00003% - 0.0004%), its high reflectivity and thermal conductivity working in synergy with UV radiation to destroy microbial DNA, while under shaded conditions, the sterilization efficiency decreased by approximately 100 times. The study suggests that metal roofs should be prioritized for use in water quality-sensitive scenarios. Green roofs need to be equipped with initial rainwater retention and substrate antibacterial improvement, and concrete roofs can enhance their antibacterial ability through hydrophobic surface treatment. The study provides a scientific basis for improving the design of rainwater collection systems in Macau, enriching the research cases of roof runoff pollution in tropical coastal cities, and is of great significance for improving the urban rainwater management system and protecting water environmental quality. 本研究考察了三种不同屋顶材料（绿色屋顶、金属屋顶和混凝土屋顶）在降雨期间的微生物污染特征。通过在实验雨水收集系统模型中多次降雨事件所采集的径流样本，结合 pH 值、浊度、化学需氧量（COD）和电导率等水质参数，对总菌落形成单位、大肠杆菌和总大肠菌群的污染特征进行了分析。研究采用威尔科克森符号秩检验，发现初期雨水的微生物污染负荷显著高于后续径流。采用曼 - 惠特尼 U 检验比较了不同屋顶材料造成的微生物污染差异。结果表明，金属屋顶在微生物控制方面表现最佳，而绿色屋顶的微生物控制效率最差。斯皮尔曼相关性分析表明，浊度和电导率与微生物污染显著正相关，这证实了污染物和营养离子是驱动微生物增殖的核心因素。此外，金属屋顶在阳光直射下表现出卓越的消毒效果（微生物存活率 0.00003% - 0.0004%），其高反射率和热导率与紫外线辐射协同作用，破坏微生物 DNA，而在遮阴条件下，其杀菌效率降低约 100 倍。该研究建议，在水质敏感的场景中应优先使用金属屋顶。绿色屋顶需要配备初期雨水截留装置和基质抗菌改进措施，而混凝土屋顶可通过疏水表面处理来增强其抗菌能力。该研究为澳门雨水收集系统的设计改进提供了科学依据，丰富了热带沿海城市屋顶径流污染的研究案例，对于完善城市雨水管理系统和保护水环境质量具有重要意义。

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ASSESSMENT WITH SEMANTIC NETWORK ANALYSIS: EXAMPLE FROM A UNIVERSITY IN THE GUANGDONG PROVINCE - Chen, Zi Jie (2025)
This study explores how to effectively evaluate the efficiency of environmental education (EE) among college students in Guangdong Province by comparing two complementary methods: (1) traditional statistical analysis of structured questionnaires using chi-square tests, and (2) semantic network analysis (SNA) of open-ended responses. The structured questionnaire assessed students' environmental knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and education needs using multiple-choice and Likert-scale items. An open-ended question was included to capture students’ understanding of ""environmental protection"" in their own words, which was then analyzed through semantic network modeling. The study collected 225 valid responses from students at Guangdong University of Science and Technology. Chi-square tests revealed significant differences between first-year students and those in later years in their knowledge of environmental issues (e.g., χ², p < 0.05 across 35 indicators), but no significant differences were observed based on gender or place of residence. Semantic network analysis, using centrality, density, and clustering coefficients, showed similar cognitive divergences between academic years but confirmed no meaningful structural differences in conceptual associations across gender or residence groups. For instance, the semantic network of first-year students had lower density (0.031) and fewer central nodes than that of senior students, indicating a simpler understanding of environmental concepts. The convergence of results from both methods validates the use of semantic network analysis as a complementary, quantitative tool for evaluating students’ cognitive structures and discourse in environmental education. This integrated approach offers a richer and more nuanced perspective than traditional surveys alone. The findings suggest that environmental education efforts should focus more on advancing conceptual depth as students progress through university. Curriculum designers can use semantic analysis as an innovative diagnostic tool to improve the cognitive and discourse-based effectiveness of environmental education programs.

本澳長者生命自主與生活品質之相關探討 - Ho, Sut Ieng (2025)
With continuous advancements in technology leading to extended lifespans, a question arises: Are we adequately prepared to face and accept death when it eventually comes? What factors prompt us to proactively plan our end-of-life arrangements? These are important issues that merit understanding and attention. Therefore, this study aims to explore the current status and related factors between life autonomy and quality of life among the elderly in Macau. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, primarily utilizing convenience sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected through both online and offline methods using questionnaires. The questionnaire consists of three main sections: 1) demographic background information of respondents, 2) the Good Death Inventory (GDI), and 3) the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Taiwan Version. A total of 512 questionnaires were collected, with 480 valid responses, accounting for approximately 94% of the total. Among the respondents, 61.1% were female, the majority had primary school education, 51.6% were married, but only 36.5% lived with their partners. Nearly 60% of participants rated their physical condition as average, 60% had chronic illnesses, though the prevalence of severe chronic diseases was low. Over 50% of participants had no religious beliefs and did not participate in any elderly services. The results show that 60% of participants exhibited moderate or above levels of attitudes toward a good death and quality of life. Analysis using one-way ANOVA and T-tests revealed significant differences in attitudes toward a good death across all demographic variables. Participants who were ""older,"" had ""lower education levels,"" were ""single"" or ""cohabiting,"" ""lived with friends,"" had ""no religious beliefs"" or were ""Catholic,"" had ""poor physical condition,"" ""did not receive elderly services,"" or participated in ""elderly daycare centers"" displayed poorer attitudes toward a good death. Additionally, participants considered ""anticipating future conditions,"" ""seeing desired people,"" ""natural death,"" ""living in a peaceful environment,"" and ""independent living"" as key aspects of a good death. Regarding quality of life, differences were observed across various demographic variables. In overall quality of life, participants who were ""older,"" ""never educated,"" ""single"" or ""cohabiting,"" ""lived with friends,"" had ""poor physical condition,"" or were ""using home support services"" reported poorer quality of life. In the physical health domain, those who were ""older,"" ""never educated,"" ""cohabiting,"" had ""poor physical condition,"" or were ""using home support services"" had lower quality of life. In the psychological health domain, those who were ""older,"" ""never educated,"" ""cohabiting,"" ""lived with friends,"" were ""Catholic,"" had ""poor physical condition,"" or were ""using home support services"" had poorer quality of life. In the social relationships domain, those who were ""older,"" ""single"" or ""cohabiting,"" ""lived with friends,"" had ""poor physical condition,"" or ""did not receive elderly services"" had poorer quality of life. In the environmental domain, those who were ""older,"" ""never educated,"" ""cohabiting,"" ""lived with friends,"" had ""poor physical condition,"" or were ""using home support services"" had poorer quality of life. Across the four domains (excluding overall quality of life), participants scored highest to lowest in the following order: physical health > social relationships > environment > psychological health, indicating that psychological health was the weakest domain. A positive correlation of varying degrees was found between attitudes toward a good death and different domains of quality of life, meaning that better quality of life was associated with better attitudes toward a good death. However, only the ""environmental"" and ""social relationships"" domains of quality of life showed a linear relationship with the Good Death Inventory, indicating that these domains are predictive of attitudes toward a good death, though their explanatory power is limited.

正向學習環境中教師對同儕合作與師生關係之影響﹕個案研究 - Ng, Ka Man (2025)

"MACAU’S STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING MART CITY POLICY: A STUDY OF THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MACAU CITIZENS (2025)
This dissertation explores how smart city strategies are being used in Macau, focusing on what everyday citizens think about them. It explores both the positive aspects and the problems with how these policies are being put into action. While the Macau government has introduced several digital services. For example, the Macau One Account, electronic payments, and smart transport systems. There are many people who feel there’s a gap between technology and how well it actually includes everyone. The research is based on a close look at government plans (like the Macau SAR Five- Year Plan 2016–2020) and interviews with people from different age groups. Using a method of analyzing themes in the data, the study found that younger and middle- aged people generally find these tools useful and convenient. However, older adults often struggle because they aren’t as comfortable with smart city services and don’t get enough support. Also, even though the government says it welcomes public input, most people said they weren’t really involved in decisions, showing that the process is mostly top-down. The study points out some big challenges, like digital inequality, lack of public participation, and a mismatch between what policies aim for and what people actually need in daily life. It suggests making smart city planning more inclusive by offering digital tools in multiple languages, involving citizens in budgeting decisions, and providing digital training for those who need it. Overall, it argues that smart city development should focus more on fairness, access, and building public trust to truly improve urban life in a lasting and meaningful way.

澳門教師對融合教育培訓看法之探究 - Wu, Ho I. (2025)
The essence of education, which is 'to foster goodness and rectify the lost,' profoundly reveals that it is about promoting students' strengths and compensating for their shortcomings. The core concept of inclusive education follows this vein, emphasizing acceptance and integration to ensure that every student can learn and grow in the same educational environment, and providing the most appropriate teaching based on the characteristics of the students. However, teachers face many challenges in implementing inclusive education, including a lack of professional knowledge, scarce resources, etc. This study conducted in-depth interviews with frontline teachers in Macau, collecting views on inclusive education from teachers who have never received inclusive education training and those who have received different types of training, elucidating the difficulties they encounter in teaching practice, and their views on the existing training system, in order to further improve teacher training in inclusive education. The results show that most teachers have a positive attitude towards inclusive education and agree with its concept and value, but teachers who have never received and those who have received professional inclusive education training still face many difficulties in actual teaching. Therefore, teachers have expressed the need for inclusive education training to better cope with the challenges in inclusive education. Based on the interview results, two specific suggestions were made for the current inclusive education training: one is to increase targeted short-term training courses and establish a feedback mechanism; the other is to enhance the localization of the curriculum to make the training content more in line with Macau's educational environment and actual needs. This study aims to propose specific plans to optimize inclusive education training by analyzing teachers' actual needs and suggestions, in the hope of enhancing teachers' professional competence and further promoting the development and practice of inclusive education. “教也者，長善而救其失者也”，深刻揭示教育的本質，即發揚學生的優點並彌補其不足。融合教育的核心理念與此一脈相承，強調通過接納與共融，確保每位學生都能在同一教育環境中共同學習與成長，並根據其特質提供最適合的教學。然而，教師在實施融合教育的過程中面臨諸多挑戰，包括專業知識不足、資源匱乏等問題。本研究通過對澳門前線教師進行深度訪談，收集未曾接受融合教育培訓和接受不同融合教育培訓的教師對融合教育的看法、闡述其在教學實踐中遇到的困難，以及對現有培訓體系的看法，以期能夠進一步完善融合教育的師資培訓。 研究結果顯示，大部分教師對融合教育持正面態度，認同其理念與價值，但未曾接受和已接受融合教育培訓的教師，在實際教學中仍面臨諸多困難。因此，教師表達對融合教育培訓的需求，以更好地應對融合教育中的挑戰。 基於訪談的結果，對現行的融合教育培訓提出兩方面的具體建議：一是增加具針對性的短期培訓課程，並建立反饋機制；二是加強課程的本土化，使培訓內容更貼合澳門的教育環境與實際需求。 本研究旨在通過分析教師的實際需求與建議，提出優化融合教育培訓的具體方案，以期能夠提升教師的專業素養，並進一步推動融合教育的發展與實踐。

EXPLORING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF HEAVY METALS FROM ROAD DUST IN MACAO - Liu, Yu Yang (2025)
Road dust contains a variety of heavy metals and is a widely used indicator for monitoring pollution and assessing environmental and health risks in urban ecosystems. In this study, road dust was collected from 8 representative areas in Macao. The spatial distribution of heavy metal content in road dust in Macao was determined by extracting the heavy metal content in each sample. Heavy metals in road dust are mainly found on busy roads, and the production of these heavy metals mainly comes from the particles worn off in the work of transportation vehicles, such as tires, brake pads, road dust, and emissions from exhaust pipes, These heavy metal particles scattered on the road will remain on the road surface for a long period and cause environmental pollution. This sampling was also collected when there was no rainfall in Macao for more than 7 days, which also ensured that the heavy metal content in road dust distributed in time and space was as close to accurate data as possible. At the same time, in this collection of road dust regulations, the sampling is strictly followed by recording the area, traffic flow, weather, humidity, and other factors. The addition of a large statistical analysis of variables helped to correlate the elements studied with several local sources of pollution: from local industrial plants and related activities, pavement modifications, power plants, road traffic, and the resuspension of particulate matter (RPM). Our findings suggest that combining chemical and isotopic monitoring of road dust may help implement more effective environmental management measures to reduce its adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of heavy metals in road dust from different locations in Macao, revealing the current situation of heavy metal pollution and its potential threat to human health. The results show that heavy metals primarily originated from human activities such as transportation emissions, industrial activities, and road construction. Through detailed analysis of the sampling points in G 1-G8, it was found that the concentration of heavy metals varied significantly in different areas, especially in areas with heavy traffic flow, in which the heavy metal content was generally higher.

"DREAM-EATINGTAPIR” ADREAMDETECTIONAROMATHERAPY INTELLIGENTDIFFUSER - Xu, Ying (2025)
With the cross development of neuroscience and artificial intelligence, the bio signal-based environmental adaptive technology has become a research frontier in the field of smart home. In this paper, we propose a smart aromatherapy machine system that can combine brainwave (EEG) monitoring and AI-driven, aiming to achieve dynamic optimisation of the home environment through real-time EEG signal analysis. The study first builds a multimodal data acquisition module to extract the characteristic frequency bands such as α-wave and β-wave to identify the user's relaxation, concentration or fatigue state. Secondly, a lightweight deep learning model is designed to classify EEG signals in real-time and ensure low-latency interaction through edge computing architecture. The system dynamically regulates the aromatherapy machine based on the classification results. Users can self-select a theme in the system according to their preferences or emotions, and then the aromatherapy device releases the corresponding aroma according to the selected theme to help the user fall asleep more easily. During sleep, the system continuously tracks the user's sleep dynamics through an integrated sleep monitoring application, which transmits the data to the device. At the same time, the system collects and analyses detailed data on sleep quality, dream activity and scent adjustment to generate a comprehensive report that is sent to the user's smartphone. This innovative design not only enhances the user experience, but also provides a scientific basis for assessing individual sleep conditions. Current research shows that aromatherapy has a positive effect on improving sleep quality and relieving anxiety symptoms. However, there is still a lack of research on the dynamic adjustment of fragrance based on real-time sleep data. This study aims to fill this gap by developing a system that enables personalised fragrance release based on user preferences and real-time sleep monitoring data, providing users with an unprecedented sleep experience.

Collaborative Partnerships for Driving Social Innovation: A Search for an Effective Collaboration Model for Cambodia - Pov, Srey Phoum (2025)
This study investigates the key challenges and success factors influencing collaborative partnerships for social innovation in Cambodia, aiming to develop an effective partnership model tailored to the local context. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research synthesizes findings from a survey of 109 organizations across various sectors—including private companies, government agencies, NGOs, and academic institutions—and an extensive review of relevant literature. The study identifies critical obstacles such as trust deficits, communication breakdowns, resource constraints, organizational misalignments, and cultural differences that impede effective collaboration. Conversely, it highlights essential success elements, including open communication, shared goals, mutual trust, clear roles, ongoing engagement, and capacity building. The findings suggest that addressing systemic barriers while fostering trust and shared understanding are vital for sustainable social innovation in Cambodia. Based on these insights, the research proposes a practical collaborative partnership model emphasizing transparency, joint planning, flexibility, and stakeholder empowerment. The study contributes valuable theoretical frameworks and actionable strategies for practitioners, policymakers, and scholars seeking to enhance social innovation through effective collaboration in Cambodia and similar developing contexts.

DESIGNING FOR SAFETY: A USER INTERFACE STUDY ON PERSONAL SECURITY APPLICATION FOR WOMEN’S URBAN COMMUTES IN CHINA. - Yi, Qing Xi (2025)
Against the backdrop of the current rapid social and economic development, the scope and duration of urban women's travel activities have expanded significantly. Consequently, personal safety issues, especially violent incidents encountered during travel, have become increasingly prominent. This study focuses on the field of UI design, specifically the development of applications for women's safety, aiming to address the crucial issue of how to customize applications to meet women's safety needs. Although various safety applications already exist in the market, those specifically designed for women are scarce. To this end, we employed a quantitative research method, conducting an in-depth exploration of urban women aged between 18 and 65 through questionnaires, case analyses, and literature reviews. This research aims to design a mobile application specifically targeting urban women aged 18 to 65, with the goal of enhancing their safety and autonomy during travel. The main objective of the study is to use technological means to assist women's travel safety, while emphasizing that technological solutions should be part of a comprehensive approach that includes legal, educational, and other measures to improve women's sense of security. Through function optimization and intelligent design, a user-friendly and efficient interface will be created, enabling women to take immediate action and obtain necessary help and support when facing potential threats. Future work will focus on function optimization and intelligence enhancement, establishing a user feedback loop, and conducting long-term follow-up research, in order to continuously improve and refine the application and further safeguard women's travel safety.

EXPLORING MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS’ EXPERIENCE IN INTERACTING WITH ADULTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY IN MACAU - Cheang, Chon Kit (2025)
This qualitative study explored the experiences of 15 Mental Health Professionals in Macau who interact with adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), aiming to understand how these interactions shape perceptions, relationships, and service practices. Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from government-funded NGOs, including social workers, therapists, and healthcare providers. Data were analysed through thematic analysis, yielding seven key themes: (1) New perception of Service Users with ID (e.g., shifting from deficit-based to strength-based perceptions), (2) bidirectional personal transformations in professionals (e.g., increased patience, resilience, irritable), (3) Relationship Dynamics and Emotional Connections (e.g., familial, collegial, or mentor-like relationships), (4) A professional core service share by the perceived role (5) development of best practices emphasizing rapport and knee observations, (6) creation of safe worry-free spaces fostering mutual emotional support, (7) and Needs to be fulfilled in aging services, learning and community integration. Practical implications highlight the need for the addition of course structures related to people with intellectual disabilities in relevant occupational college courses, expanded staffing ratios, and policy reforms to address care gaps related to aging. By revealing the mutual influence of professional service-user relationships, where interactions foster staff growth and client empowerment, this study contributes to the global discussion on disability support, while providing actionable recommendations for Macau’s upcoming Ten-Year Rehabilitation Plan in 2026-2036. The findings hold value for policymakers, service providers, and educators seeking strategies to enhance workforce well-being and service quality in intellectual disability service.

心智圖教學對小學四年級學生中文閱讀能力的成效 - Cheong, Lai Ian (2025)
This study aims to explore the effectiveness of mind mapping instruction on Primary 4 students’ Chinese reading ability. Using a pre-and post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group, two classes of fourth-grade students from a girls' school in Macao participated in the study, with one class as the experimental group (n = 25) receiving mind mapping reading instruction, and the other as the control group (n = 16) receiving general reading instruction. Both groups received instruction for about four weeks, with approximately three sessions per week for a total of 11 sessions of 40 minutes each (i.e., 440 minutes in total). The first five sessions focused on narrative texts, and the next five sessions focused on expository texts, with the last session as a summary session. Both groups took the pre-tests using the narrative text from PIRLS (2021) and the expository text from the A3 version of the Reading Comprehension Growth Test, and the post-tests using the narrative text from PIRLS (2016) and the expository text from the A2 version of the Reading Comprehension Growth Test. The experimental group also completed the form regarding their post-instruction feedback for mind mapping instruction. Mann-Whitney tests found that general reading instruction did not significantly improve Grade 4 students’ Chinese reading ability, whereas mind mapping instruction significantly improved Grade 4 students’ Chinese reading ability, with moderate effect sizes (rank-biserial correlation of 0.70 [narrative text] and 0.57 [expository text]). Multiple regression analysis showed that the experimental group scored 0.11-unit higher on the post-test scores of narrative text reading than the control group after controlling their pre-test scores on narrative text reading; the experimental group scored 0.13-unit higher on the post-test scores of expository text reading than the control group after controlling their pre-test scores on expository text reading. In addition, 19 (76%) students in the experimental group gave positive feedback for the mind mapping reading instruction. Recommendations for Chinese teachers, schools’ initiatives at advancing reading instruction, and the government’s endeavor at teacher training related to mind mapping instruction. Limitations of the current study and future research directions were also discussed. 本研究者旨在探究心智圖教學對提升小學四年級學生中文閱讀能力的成效。採用有對照組的前後測準實驗研究設計，選取澳門某女校四年級兩個班級的學生作為研究對象，一個班級作為實驗組（n = 25）接受心智圖閱讀教學，另一個班級作為對照組（n = 16）接受一般閱讀教學。兩組均接受為期大約4週的教學，每週大約3節課，共11節，每節課40分鐘，總共440分鐘;首5節進行記敘文教學，後5節進行說明文教學，最段1節進行教學總結。兩組在接受相應的閱讀教學前，均接受了PIRLS（2021）的文藝性文章和《閱讀理解成長測驗》A3版本的說明文閱讀測驗;在完成教學後，均接受了PIRLS（2016）的文藝性文章和《閱讀理解成長測驗》A2版本的說明文閱讀測驗。實驗組在完成心智圖教學後也填寫了《對心智圖教學的反饋問卷》。Mann-Whitney檢驗發現，一般閱讀教學沒有顯著提升四年級學生中文閱讀能力；心智圖閱讀教學顯著提升四年級學生中文閱讀能力，效應值達到中等程度（rank-biserial correlation為0.70[記敘文]和0.57[說明文]）。多重回歸分析表明，控制了記敘文閱讀前測分數之後，接受心智圖閱讀教學的學生在記敘文後測分數上會比接受一般閱讀教學的學生高0.11個單位；控制了說明文閱讀前測分數之後，接受心智圖教學的學生在說明文後測分數上會比接受一般閱讀教學的學生高0.13個單位。此外，19名（76%）接受心智圖教學的學生對心智圖教學給出正向的反饋，認為心智圖能幫助她們提升閱讀能力、分析和統整文章內容、歸納文章重點、增強對文章的記憶，以及提升閱讀的趣味性。研究者針對中文老師、學校閱讀教學的推動以及政府在心智圖教學培訓方面，提出相應的建議；對本研究的不足之處和未來研究的方向也給出了建議。

INTERACTIVE PRODUCT DESIGN FOR ORGANIC PACKAGING： THE STUDY CASE OF ECOZEN - Ma, Jing Fei (2025)
With the rapid development of the food delivery industry, the burden of single-use packaging on the environment has become increasingly severe, highlighting the need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. This paper proposes an innovative solution based on interactive product design for organic packaging, integrating organic takeaway boxes with a mobile app platform to enable the repeated use of personal organic food containers. This study explores the selection of organic packaging materials, product structural design, app functionality planning, and the construction of the courier-based recycling process. Through prototype design, user research, and data analysis, the feasibility and environmental benefits of this solution are demonstrated. The research findings provide a new design perspective for the circular economy in food packaging, contributing to the promotion of green consumption and sustainable development.

Effects of Microplastics on Kandelia obovata: Investigating Stress and Responses for Conservation and Management - Wong, Weng In (2025)
Mangrove resilience to anoxic conditions primarily occurs through adaptations in their root systems. Notably, increased root growth of existing pneumatophores in response to plastic suffocation has been observed in mangroves and can serve as a proxy to assess tree stress. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of varying levels of microplastic pollution on the morphological characteristics of mangrove plants. Fresh Kandelia obovata seedlings were collected from the Cotai Ecological Reserve, cultivated for 27 weeks, and subsequently exposed to polyethylene (PE) particles of 600 μm, 150 μm, and 13 μm in size at concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/w). The wet weight of the plant samples was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment, and morphological characteristics were recorded weekly. Morphological parameters including germination rate, number of leaves, root morphology, and survival rate, as well as environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), were evaluated to determine the influence of microplastic size, concentration, and environmental factors on plant development. Results indicate that smaller microplastics (13 μm) adversely affected the germination rate, leaf production, and survival of K. obovata. Furthermore, a higher concentration (10% w/w) of medium-sized microplastics (150 μm) led to a lower survival rate compared to the lower concentration group. These findings shows the negative impact of microplastic pollution on mangrove species and highlight the importance of addressing plastic contamination for effective mangrove conservation.

EXPLORING BIODIVERSITY IN MACAU’S URBAN WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS THROUGH E-DNA ANALYSIS - Kei, Leong Mei (2025)
Macau’s rapid urban development has significantly altered its natural landscapes, leading to the degradation and fragmentation of wetland ecosystems. Although diminished in size, these urban wetlands continue to deliver vital ecological services and sustain a range of biodiversity. Conventional methods for biodiversity assessment are often labor-intensive and unsuitable for regular monitoring in urban environments. This study utilized environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding as a non-invasive and effective approach to survey biodiversity in 2 coastal and 7 freshwater urban wetlands in Macau. Environmental DNA was extracted from water samples collected from these nine representative wetland sites and analyzed using metabarcoding techniques to detect fish species. Three genetic markers were targeted to enhance taxonomic resolution, which included COI (mlCOIintF/LoboR1, 313 bp), 12S (miFish-U, 170 bp) and 18S (V4, 400 bp). Bioinformatic pipelines were used to process sequencing data, identify taxa, and compute biodiversity indices, providing a comprehensive snapshot of aquatic biodiversity in Macau’s urban wetlands. A total of 90 fish species were detected, including native species, migrants, and invasive taxa. Beta diversity analysis shows site and season together explained 50% of the variation in community composition (PERMANOVA R² = 0.50, p = 0.001), shaped by environmental gradients and seasonal turnover. These results highlight eDNA metabarcoding as an effective tool for biodiversity monitoring in urban wetlands and emphasize the need to preserve habitat diversity and management strategies in Macau.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF RAINWATER HARVESTED FROM ROOFTOPS FOR REUSE AND SUSTAINABLE APPLICATION IN MACAO - Lu, Xiao Yu (2025)
Macao, a densely urbanized region with limited freshwater resources, faces significant challenges in water security, relying on over 90% of raw water imports from the Mainland. This study investigates the quality of rainwater harvested from three representative rooftop types (blue metal, concrete, and green garden roofs) to establish a scientific basis for sustainable reuse. The research reveals distinct water quality patterns and first-flush effects across roof materials through field sampling and laboratory standard of parameters, including organic matter, turbidity, and nutrients. Key findings show that green roofs exhibit the highest pollutant concentrations (e.g., COD: 52.27 ± 26.00 mg/L and conductivity: 525.75 ± 203.60 μS/cm) due to vegetation decomposition and soil leaching. In contrast, blue steel tile roofs yield relatively cleaner runoff but with pronounced initial pollutant surges. Concrete roofs produce alkaline runoff (pH up to 8.63) due to cement mineral dissolution. Statistical analysis confirms conductivity and turbidity as robust predictors of dissolved pollutants, with significant correlations to other parameters, enabling rapid water quality assessment. The study further evaluates the first flush effect; recommendations include material-specific collection strategies, IoT-integrated smart monitoring systems, and policy incentives for green roof adoption to balance ecological benefits with water quality management. This research addresses critical gaps in Macao's rainwater management, providing a sustainable urban water resource optimization framework.

澳門非高等教育教師效能感與抗逆力關係之研究 - Sam, Wai Chi (2025)
Teacher efficacy and resilience are critical factors influencing educational quality and student development. Teacher efficacy refers to teachers' beliefs in their capability to manage classrooms, implement instructional strategies, and engage students effectively. Resilience, on the other hand, denotes teachers' ability to adapt and respond positively to stress and challenges. This study aims to examine the current status of teacher efficacy and resilience among non-tertiary education teachers in Macao and to explore their differences and interrelations across various demographic variables. The target population comprised non-tertiary teaching staff in the 2024/2025 academic year. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale （TSES） and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC）, via the Tencent Questionnaire platform, with 125 valid responses collected from Macao non-tertiary teachers. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA to assess differences in teacher efficacy and resilience across demographic groups. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the predictive effect of resilience on teacher efficacy. In total, eleven demographic variables were collected, including gender, age, marital status, highest educational qualification, teacher training background, years of service (including the current academic year), school type, school size, main teaching level, primary job role, and religious belief. Given the focus and scope of the study, and with reference to commonly explored variables in related literature, gender, age, and years of service (including the current academic year) were selected for detailed analysis to examine differences in teacher efficacy and resilience. Other demographic variables were also subjected to preliminary statistical examination; however, the results did not show significant differences. Findings revealed a significant positive correlation between resilience and teacher efficacy, with resilience shown to be a significant predictor. While most background variables showed no significant impact, age was found to significantly affect teacher efficacy. This study provides empirical evidence on the connection between teacher efficacy and resilience in Macao's educational context, offering insights for the development of teacher support systems and professional growth strategies. 教師效能感與抗逆力對教育品質與學生發展具有關鍵影響。前者反映教師對自身教學能力的信念，影響其教學策略、班級經營與學生互動；後者則指教師面對壓力與挑戰時的適應與調節能力。本研究旨在探討澳門非高等教育教師的教師 效能感與抗逆力之現況，並分析不同背景變項下兩者之差異與關聯。 本研究以2024/2025學年非高等教育教學人員作研究對象，採用問卷調查法， 分別運用「教師效能感量表」（TSES）與「抗逆力量表」（CD-RISC）在「騰訊問 卷」平台進行線上問卷調查，對125名澳門非高等教育教師進行測量。數據分析方面，除採用描述性統計外，亦運用獨立樣本T 檢驗與單因子變異數分析，探討 背景變項在教師效能感與抗逆力上的差異；並透過結構方程模型進一步檢驗抗逆力對教師效能感的預測作用。 本研究共蒐集十一項背景變項，包括性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、最高學歷、師資培訓背景、服務年資（含本學年）、學校類別、學校規模、主要任教階段、主 要擔任職務及宗教信仰。考量到篇幅安排及研究焦點在於教師效能感與抗逆力的關係上，參照文獻中較常探討之變項，本研究選擇針對性別、年齡與服務年資（含 本學年）進行詳細分析，作為探討教師效能感與抗逆力差異情形之依據。其餘背景變項亦曾進行初步統計檢視，惟分析結果未呈現顯著差異。 研究結果顯示，大部分背景變項對教師效能感與抗逆力皆無顯著影響，惟年齡對教師效能感具有顯著差異。教師抗逆力與教師效能感之關係呈正相關，且抗逆力具預測效能感之作用。 本研究藉了解澳門教師效能感與抗逆力之間的關聯，為澳門教育環境下教師支持系統與專業發展策略提供參考。

初探疫情前中後不同類型家長（單親及雙親）的親子互動體驗變化 - Lao, Sin Mei (2025)
This study explores the changes in the parent-child interaction experience of different types of parents (single parents and two parents) before, during and after the epidemic. The study adopted qualitative research methods and conducted in-depth interviews with 10 families (5 single-parent families and 5 two-parent families), and analyzed from three levels: educational support, interaction model and emotional support.Research has found that the epidemic has not only changed families' lifestyles, but also affected the pattern and quality of parent-child interaction.Especially during the shutdown of work and school, the time parents spend with their children has increased sharply from the original 2-3 hours to 12-14 hours.This abnormal lifestyle has brought unprecedented challenges and opportunities to the parent-child relationship. The research results show that 14 important themes emerged from the interviews, and there are significant differences between single-parent parents and dual-parent parents in facing the impact of the epidemic.In terms of educational support, two-parent families can provide more comprehensive educational support through the division of labor and cooperation between parents.The father is mostly responsible for tutoring in math and science subjects, while the mother focuses on tutoring in Chinese subjects.In contrast, although single parents face resource constraints, they are often able to develop more innovative educational strategies, such as making good use of community resources and establishing mutual aid networks.In terms of interaction patterns, two-parent families tend to optimize the quality of interaction through role division, while single-parent families focus more on improving the effect of a single interaction.At the level of emotional support, the support methods of two-parent families have experienced a transformation from division of labor and collaboration to overall integration, while single-parent families have developed more direct and in-depth emotional connection strategies. Research has found that both single-parent and two-parent families can maintain the development of parent-child relationships through different strategies and adaptations. Some good interactive habits formed during the epidemic, such as regular in-depth conversations and joint participation in housework, are still retained and developed by many families after the epidemic.This suggests that crises may also be an opportunity to promote the optimization of family relationships.The research results not only help understand the unique needs of different types of families, but also provide an empirical basis for formulating differentiated family support policies.Based on the research findings, it is recommended that the government and social service agencies should pay more attention to the diversity of families when formulating policies and provide more targeted support services for different types of families. 本研究探討疫情前中後不同類型家長（單親及雙親）的親子互動體驗變化。研究採用質性研究方法，通過深度訪談10個家庭（5個單親家庭和5個雙親家庭），從教育支援、互動模式和情感支援三個層面進行分析。研究發現，疫情不僅改變了家庭的生活方式，更影響了親子互動的模式和品質。尢其是在停工停學期間，家長和子女的相處時間從原來的2-3小時急增至12-14小時，這種非常態的生活方式為親子關係帶來了前所未有的挑戰和機遇。 研究結果顯示，在訪談中得出14個重要主題，單親家長和雙親家長在面對疫情衝擊時呈現出顯著差異。在教育支援方面，雙親家庭能夠通過父母分工合作的方式提供更全面的教育支援，父親多負責數理科目輔導，母親則專注於語文學科輔導。相比之下，單親家長雖然面臨資源限制，但往往能發展出更具創新性的教育策略，如善用社區資源、建立互助網絡等。在互動模式方面，雙親家庭傾向於通過角色分工來優化互動質量，而單親家庭則更注重提升單次互動的效果。在情感支援層面，雙親家庭的支援方式經歷了從分工協作到整體融合的轉變，而單親家庭則發展出更直接和深入的情感連結策略。 研究發現，無論是單親還是雙親家庭，都能通過不同的策略和適應方式維持親子關係的發展。疫情期間形成的一些良好互動習慣，如定期深度對話、共同參與家務等，在疫情後仍被許多家庭保留和發展。這表明危機也可能成為推動家庭關係優化的契機。研究結果不僅有助於理解不同類型家庭的獨特需求，也為制定差異化的家庭支援政策提供了實證基礎。基於研究發現，建議政府和社會服務機構在制定政策時應更加注重家庭的多樣性，為不同類型的家庭提供更有針對性的支援服務。

以家庭為中心之「回應式互動」技巧對提升語言發展遲緩幼兒語言能力的實驗研究 - Lai, Ut Tong (2025)
Language delay is an important issue that affects the early communication and learning abilities of young children. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the family-centered intervention model, which emphasizes the teaching of Responsive Interaction Strategies to parents in order to optimize the family language environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of this model of intervention for children with language delays and to understand the factors that contribute to their language progress. This study adopted a Mixed Methods Research Design, which combined quantitative experiments with qualitative interviews to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention and parents' perceptions of the family-centered model. The study was conducted with 10 children with speech and language delays aged between 2 and 3 years old. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, and received the family-centered ""responsive interaction"" technique and the clinician-directed approach ""direct instruction"" respectively. The 12-week study consisted of a pre-test, an intervention period and a post-test. The quantitative study was conducted using the long version of the Macao contonese language screening scale for preschool children (MacCLASS-P), together with the Chinese Child Development Inventory(Cantonese version) to standardize the children's language comprehension and expression skills. Both the experimental and control groups received weekly 45-minute interventions during the intervention period, with the experimental group receiving a family-centered “responsive interaction” technique, where the therapist taught the parents the relevant skills and provided them with opportunities for practice, and the control group receiving clinician-directed approach ""direct instruction"". The control group received the clinician-directed approach ""direct instruction"". The qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with the parents of the experimental group to investigate the experience of using the techniques and the changes in their children's language. The quantitative results showed that the experimental group made significantly more progress than the control group in overall language comprehension and expressive skills, but did not achieve significant differences in grammatical comprehension and pragmatics. The qualitative data further reflected that parents generally recognized the usefulness of the “responsive interaction” skills in facilitating children's progress from single words to complete sentences. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the family-centered “responsive interaction” intervention model was effective in improving the language comprehension and expression of children with language delays, and that parental involvement strengthened the children's categorization and motivation in language learning. 語言發展遲緩是影響幼兒早期溝通與學習能力的重要議題，近年來，以家庭為中心的介入模式備受關注，強調透過教導家長「回應式互動」技巧（Responsive Interaction Strategies）來優化家庭語言環境。本研究旨在探討此模式對語言遲緩幼兒的介入成效，並了解造成其語言能力進步的因素。 本研究採用混合方法研究設計（Mixed Methods Research Design），將量化實驗與質性訪談相結合，以分析介入效果及家長對以家庭為中心模式的看法。本次研究對象為十名年齡介乎2至3歲的語言遲緩幼兒。受試者隨機分為實驗組及控制組，分別接受以家庭為中心的「回應式互動」技巧和以治療師主導的「直接教學法」介入。共十二週的研究包含前測、介入期與後測三部分。 量化研究採用《澳門粵語學前語言篩查測驗》長版，並配合《漢語溝通發展量表（廣東話版）》對幼兒語言理解和表達能力作標準化測量。實驗組及控制組幼兒在介入期均接受每週45分鐘介入，其中實驗組接受以治療師為主導的「直接教學法」並結合以家庭為中心的「回應式互動」技巧介入，治療師在堂上教授家長相關技巧和給予實踐機會；而控制組則接受以治療師為主導的「直接教學法」。質性研究則針對實驗組家長進行半結構式訪談，探討技巧應用經驗與幼兒語言變化。 從量化結果顯示，實驗組在整體的語言理解和表達能力的進步幅度皆顯著優於控制組，惟語法理解和語用並未達至顯著差異。質性資料則進一步反映家長普遍認同技巧實用性，促進幼兒從單詞進階至完整句子表達。 綜合而言，本研究證實以家庭為中心的「回應式互動」介入模式能有效提升語言遲緩幼兒的語言理解和表達能力，且家長參與強化了幼兒在語言學習的類化與積極性。

適應體育體適能課程對特殊教育學生 動作技能之影響－以澳門某校特教班為例 - Kuok, Chan Heng (2025)
This study took 14 students with mild intellectual disabilities from a special education class in a Macao school as the research objects. Using the comparative method of experimental group and control group, it explored the influence of adaptive physical education fitness courses on the motor skills of special education students. The experimental group received a 12-week adaptive physical education fitness course, while the control group carried out traditional physical education teaching. The study adopted the motor skills assessment scale compiled by Liu Yijun to conduct pre-tests and post-tests on the two groups of students, and used SPSS software for statistical analysis. The results showed that the adaptive physical education fitness course had significant effects on improving most physical fitness and motor ability indicators of special education students. The experimental group showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the pre-test and post-test scores of 11 indicators, including BMI, sit-and-reach, one-minute knee flexion sit-ups, two-minute step test, etc. The traditional course only showed significant effects in the standing long jump project, and the differences in other indicators between the pre-test and post-test did not reach the statistical significance level. In addition, the experimental group was significantly better than the control group in the total manipulative movements and throwing indicators (p<0.05). The study indicates that adaptive physical education fitness courses can effectively improve the physical fitness and motor skills of special education students. Based on this, it is suggested to increase the class hours of healthy physical fitness, expand opportunities for diversified sports participation, integrate technological elements into innovative teaching methods, and incorporate interdisciplinary integration into daily teaching, providing new ideas and practical directions for physical education teaching in special education. 本研究以澳門某學校特殊教育班的 14 名輕度智能障礙學生為研究對象，採用實驗組與控制組對比的研究方法，探討適應體育體適能課程對特殊教育學生動作技能的影響。實驗組接受為期 12 週的適應體育體適能課程，控制組則進行傳統體育教學。研究採用劉怡君編制的動作技能評估量表，對兩組學生進行前測與後測，並運用 SPSS 軟體進行統計分析。 結果顯示：適應體育體適能課程在改善特殊教育學生的多數體適能和動作能力指標上具有顯著成效。實驗組在 BMI、坐姿體前屈、一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐、兩分鐘登台階等 11 項指標上前後測分數差異顯著（p<0.05）。而傳統課程僅在立定跳遠項目上呈現顯著效果，其餘指標前後測差異均未達統計學顯著水準。此外，實驗組在操縱性動作總量與投擲指標上明顯優於對照組（p<0.05）。 研究表明，適應體育體適能課程能夠有效提升特殊教育學生的身體素質和動作技能。據此建議：增加健康體適能課時、拓展多元運動參與機會、創新教學方法融入科技元素以及跨學科融合滲透日常教學，為特殊教育體育教學提供了新的思路和實踐方向。

子女由普通生轉為融合生的過程中澳門小學家長的經歷及感受之質性研究 - Lam, Choi I. (2025)
In Macau, inclusive students refer to students with special educational needs who can receive education alongside their peers in regular classes with minimal special education support. With the advancement of inclusive education policies, an increasing number of students with special educational needs are placed in regular classrooms. However, whether parents are willing to transition their children from regular students to inclusive students plays a key role in the practice of inclusive education. This study aims to explore the experiences and feelings of parents at a Catholic primary school in Macau during the process of their children transitioning from regular to inclusive students. The research questions include: What is the psychological journey of parents during the transition of their children from regular to inclusive students? What factors facilitate or hinder parental decision-making? What are parents’ feelings and thoughts after their children became inclusive students? The researcher employed a qualitative research method using semi-structured one-on-one interviews with six parents (all mothers) and analyzed the interview data using grounded theory. The findings reveal that parents' psychological journey involves a dynamic shift from recognizing their children's difficulties, experiencing doubt and resistance, to accepting assessment and identity confirmation. The decision-making process is influenced by multiple factors, including family support, support from teachers or professionals, the ‘inclusive student’ label, and public information about inclusive education. The study also found that parents generally found that their children's academic performance improved after becoming inclusive students, and that the family atmosphere became more harmonious than before. However, they also had concerns about their children's social skills and future transition to secondary school after becoming inclusive students. They hope that schools and educational authorities can provide more publicity, resources, and support to better implement inclusive education, such as enhancing teacher professional training, offering educational resources, and improving public understanding of inclusive education and inclusive students. Overall, despite the challenges of the transition process, parents demonstrate their own adaptation and growth throughout this journey. 在澳門融合生是指只需要小量的特殊教育支持就能在普通班與同班同學一 起接受教育的有特殊教育需要的學生。隨著融合教育政策的推進，越來越多有特 殊教育需要的學生被安置於普通班中。然而，家長是否願意讓子女由普通生轉為 融合生，是融合教育實踐中的關鍵環節。本研究旨在探討澳門某天主教小學家長 在子女由普通生轉為融合生過程中的經歷與感受。研究問題包括：將子女從普通 生轉為融合生的過程中，家長的心理歷程是怎樣的？有哪些因素會促進或阻礙家 長的決策？將子女從普通生轉為融合生之後，家長的感受和想法是怎樣的？研究 者採用半結構化一對一訪談的質性研究方法對六位家長（均為母親）進行深入訪 談，並採用扎根理論進行訪談數據分析。研究發現家長的心理歷程經歷了從覺察 子女的困難、懷疑與抗拒，到接受評估與身份確認的動態轉變。決策過程受多重 因素影響，包括家庭支持、教師或專業人員的支持、“融合生”標籤、融合教育 的公共資訊等。研究也發現，家長在子女成為融合生後普遍認為子女的成績有所 進步，家庭氣氛比以往更加和諧，但同時對子女的社交能力和未來升中學的問題 有擔憂。她們普遍希望學校及教育當局能提供更多宣傳、資源和支持，以更好地 實施融合教育，例如提升教師專業培訓、加強輔助教學資源、提升公眾對融合教 育和融合生的正確認識。整體而言，儘管轉變過程充滿挑戰，但家長在這個過程 中呈現了自身的適應與成長。

澳門融合學校小學教師對語言治療了解 及對校本語言治療的看法 - Chao, Ho Wan (2025)
Objectives: Appropriate support services have an important impact on inclusive students. If there is sufficient and appropriate support in school, it will help improve the learning, social interaction and social adaptation of inclusive students. The Macau SAR government has proposed to promote school-based therapy services in the future. This policy will help improve the appropriateness of school support for inclusive students. Language is the basis of learning, so the implementation of school-based speech language therapy services will inevitably help support the learning needs of inclusive students with language disorders in school. However, a deeper understanding of the current situation is needed in order to formulate an appropriate implementation plan. This study aims to understand the current front-line primary school teachers' understanding of the work of speech language therapists, characteristics of related impairments, difficulties in implementation, suggestions for school-based speech language therapy, so as to serve as reference information for future implementation plans. Method: This study conducted semi-structured interviews with 8 current primary school teachers from inclusive schools with different backgrounds. The interviews were recorded in the form of audio recordings, transcribed verbatim, and then coded and organized according to the research questions. Combined with the support of literature review, implementation suggestions were given for the school-based speech language therapy. Conclusion and limitations: The results show that teachers who studied special education and educational psychology have a higher understanding of the scope of speech language therapy than teachers who studied general education. Most teachers believe that the work scope of speech language therapists is mainly in oral expression, communication skills, and articulation correction. The interviewees all pointed out that there is currently no communication channel and direct contact point between teachers and speech therapists. The current difficulties related to speech language therapy include multiple aspects: teachers, parents and policies, such as teachers' lack of understanding of related impairments, low social acceptance, and lack of transparency of school information. The study also summarized government policies, school resources, environment and other factors that affect the effectiveness of speech language therapy, including evaluation process and waiting time for the evaluation, school support for government policies, parents and teachers' understanding and acceptance of speech language therapy, etc. The interviewees all agreed that there is a need to provide school-based speech language therapy services to solve the current difficulties in implementation, and also provided a number of implementation suggestions as a reference for the Macau SAR government in implementing relevant policies. However, the number of respondents was small, and it is suggested that a larger-scale study should be conducted. In addition to considering the number of samples, different stakeholders should also be included as respondents to formulate a well-balanced implementation guideline for promoting school-based treatment services from a more neutral perspective, so as to improve the teaching quality of students with special learning needs. 目的：合適的支援服務對融合生有著重要的影響，若在校內有足夠且適宜的支援，有助提升融合生的學習、社交、以及其適應社會的能力；澳門特區政府提出未來致力於推行校本治療服務，此政策有助提升在校支援對融合生的適切性；其中語言為學習的基礎，故校本語言治療服務的推行必然有助支援伴隨語言障礙融合生校內之學習需要。然而，在推行前需要對現況有更深入的了解，以便制定合宜的落實方案，是次研究旨在了解目前前線教師對語言治療師工作的認識、對相關障礙的了解、與語言治療相關的支援及溝通、實行上面對的困境、對校本語言治療的想法及推行建議，以作為日後推行計劃的參考資訊。 方法：是次研究透過與 8位不同背景現職融合學校小學教師進行半結構性訪談，訪談以錄音形式記錄，以逐字稿形式轉錄後，再根據探研究問題進行編碼及整理，結合了文獻回顧的支持，為日後落實校本語言治療給予落實建議。 結論及限制：結果顯示修讀特殊教育系、教育心理學系的教師對語言治療工作範疇的認識較修讀一般教育系的教師為高；大部分教師認為語言治療師的工作範疇主要在口語表達、溝通能力，以及構音糾正等面向，可見對語言治療師工作了解不透徹；受訪者均指出現時教師與語言治療師處於零溝通、零接觸的狀況，現時與語言治療相關的困境包括多個面向：教師、家長及政策，例如教師對相關的障礙認識不足、社會接納度低、校內資訊不透明等；研究亦歸納了政府政策、校內資源、環境等多項影響語言治療成效的因素，包括評估流程及輪候時長、校方對政府政策的支持度、家長及教師對語言治療的認識及接受程度等；受訪教師均一致認為有需要提供校本語言治療服務，以解決現時實行上的困境，亦對推行校本語言治療服務提供多項落實建議，以作為澳門特區政府在推行相關政策的參考資料；然而是次受訪人數太少，建議進行更大型的研究，除了人數的考量，亦可加入不同持份者作為受訪對象，以更中立的角度研判並平衡各持份者對推行校本治療服務的實施方針，以提升有特殊學習需要學生的教學品質。

澳門教育碩士生學習體驗與課程期望之質性探究 - Chan, Chio U. (2025)
本研究採用質性研究法，旨在探討澳門教育碩士二年級學生的學習體驗、影響學習體驗的主要因素、學習過程中所面對的挑戰與困難，以及學生對課程優化的建議與期望。研究透過半結構式深度訪談十位教育碩士生，並加以整理與分析，以深入回應研究問題並歸納研究結論。研究結果顯示： （一）受訪學生普遍肯定課程對其專業知識和實務能力的提升作用，但指出理論與實踐之間存在明顯落差，特別是在統計分析與研究方法教學方面的支援不足。此外，積極的師生互動與同儕合作有助提升學習動機與成效，惟小組合作中常見的角色衝突、任務分配不均及教師指導不足等情況亦對學習體驗造成負面影響。 （二）影響學生學習體驗的關鍵因素包括：師資專業素質、院校資源配套、同儕互動質量及時間管理壓力。教師教學策略與專業水準對學習成效有直接影響，學生偏好案例導向與互動性強的教學形式。而院校資源方面，如數據庫使用受限、設施老化等問題亦限制了學生的學術發展。在職學生則面臨工作與學業角色衝突，影響學習的持續性與專注度。 （三）受訪學生普遍面臨理論與實踐銜接困難、學術能力落差、時間壓力與團隊協作挑戰等問題。跨專業學生對學術論文與與研究設計的掌握不足，需要更有系統的研究方法訓練。隨機分組亦導致成員能力不均，降低了合作效率。部份學生在資源使用與情緒管理方面亦顯得較為薄弱，進一步削弱其學習投入。課程定位與職業發展期望之間的落差對學習動機構成不利影響。 （四）學生建議課程可加強案例教學與實踐機會，增設研究方法進階訓練，並優化評價設計。採用更多元的評估形式。同時，應明確學術型與專業型課程的培訓目標，建立清晰的課程命名與專業認證制度，以提高學歷認受性及學生未來的就業競爭力。 最後，根據研究結果，本文提出若干針對澳門教育碩士課程之優化建議。並指出未來可延伸之研究方向，以持續深化對本澳教育碩士學習體驗的理解與關注。 This study adopted a qualitative research approach to explore the learning experiences of second-year Master of Education students in Macao. It investigated the factors that influenced their learning experiences, the challenges and difficulties encountered during their studies, and their expectations for curriculum improvement. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten Master of Education students, the collected data was organized and analyzed to thoroughly address the research questions and summarize the research findings. The results indicate that: 1. Findings indicated that while participants generally affirmed the programme’s contribution to enhancing their professional knowledge and practical skills, they also identified a clear imbalance between theoretical instruction and practical application, particularly in the area of statistical analysis and research methodology. Positive student-teacher interactions and peer collaboration were seen to support motivation and learning outcomes. However, issues such as role conflict in group works, unequal task distribution, and insufficient teacher guidance negatively impacted their overall experience. 2. Key factors influencing students’ learning experiences included teacher quality, institutional support, peer relationships, and stress related to time management. Teaching strategies and educator’s expertise were found to directly affect course quality, with participants favouring case-based and interactive teaching approaches. However, limited access to databases and outdated facilities were seen as barriers to academic development. Working students also faced a conflict of roles between their professional responsibilities and academic commitments, which hindered their ability to maintain engagement. 3. Challenges commonly reported included difficulties bridging theory and practice, gaps in academic preparedness, time pressures, and team collaboration issues. Cross-disciplinary students often lacked a strong foundation in academic writing and research design and expressed a need for more structured research training. Random group allocation was seen to reduce group effectiveness. Additionally, some participants demonstrated limited capacity for resource use and emotional regulation, and this affected their learning engagement. Misalignment between course orientation and career expectations was also a factor in the decline in motivation. 4. Participants recommended increasing opportunities for case-based learning and hands-on experience, as well as enhancing research training and diversifying assessment methods. They also suggested clearer distinctions between academic and professional degree pathways and the establishment of a standardised course naming and a professional accreditation framework to improve recognition and employment competitiveness. Based on the findings, this study proposed several recommendations for improving the Master of Education curriculum in Macao. Future research directions are also suggested that may deepen an understanding of and support the development of postgraduate learning experiences within the local context.

澳門中學教師面對融合學生的教學困擾與融合教育專業知能關係之研究 - Ieong, Ao; Un, Kuok (2025)
This study aims to investigate the current status of teaching difficulties and professional competencies among secondary school teachers working with students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive classrooms in Macao. It examines differences in teachers' teaching difficulties and professional competencies across various demographic variables. Furthermore, it explores the relationship between teachers' professional competencies and their teaching difficulties, as well as identifying the predictive factors influencing both aspects. A questionnaire survey method was employed, collecting 171 valid responses. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis. Key findings include: • Teachers reported a moderately low level of teaching difficulties related to inclusive education. • Teachers reported a moderately high level of professional competencies in inclusive education. • Significant differences in teaching difficulties were observed based on teachers' gender and participation in inclusive education training courses. • Significant differences in professional competencies were observed based on teachers' years of experience in inclusive education and their participation in inclusive education training courses, seminars and workshops. • A low negative correlation was found between teachers' teaching difficulties and their professional competencies. • Teachers' professional competencies significantly predict their teaching difficulties. • Gender significantly predicted teaching difficulties in inclusive education contexts. Based on these findings, relevant recommendations are provided. 本研究旨在瞭解澳⾨融合教育學校中學教師⾯對融合學⽣的教學困擾及融 合教育專業知能的現況與相關性，並分析不同背景變項下澳⾨中學教師的教學困 擾及融合教育專業知能之差異、融合教育專業知能對教學困擾的預測⼒，以及背 景因素對教學困擾的預測⼒。 本研究採⽤問卷調查法，回收有效問卷171份。問卷數據以描述性統計、獨 ⽴樣本T檢驗、單因⼦變異數分析、⽪爾遜積差相關、線性迴歸分析進⾏分析。 研究結果歸納如下： ⼀、 澳⾨中學教師融合教育教學困擾屬「中等偏低」程度。 ⼆、 澳⾨中學教師融合教育專業知能屬「中等偏⾼」程度。 三、 不同性別及融合教育課程進修的澳⾨中學教師融合教育教學困擾有顯著差 異。 四、 不同融合教育年資、融合教育課程進修及講座、⼯作坊參與的澳⾨中學教師 融合教育專業知能有顯著差異。 五、 澳⾨中學教師融合教育教學困擾與專業知能呈「低度負相關」。 六、 澳⾨中學教師的整體融合教育專業知能對融合教育教學困擾具微弱預測⼒。 七、 「性別」對融合教育教學困擾具微弱預測⼒。 本研究最後根據研究結果提出相關建議。

A STUDY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART POLICING IN MACAU: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS ADOPTION AND CHALLENGES - Leong, Sio Mui (2025)
This dissertation examines the implementation of smart policing in Macau, focusing on the adoption and challenges of facial recognition technology within the Macau Urban Electronic Surveillance System. As Macau pursues its smart city ambitions, the integration of advanced technologies into law enforcement has become a central strategy for enhancing public safety and operational efficiency. However, the actual acceptance and use of these technologies by frontline police officers remain underexplored. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach. documentary analysis of government policies and strategic documents provides an overview of Macau’s smart policing initiatives and the legal and infrastructural frameworks supporting them. The core of the research is a quantitative survey of Macau police officers who have direct experience with the facial recognition system. The survey is structured around the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), with additional attention to compatibility and perceived legal knowledge. The results reveal that performance expectancy and perceived legal knowledge are the strongest factors influencing officers’ adoption of facial recognition while effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and compatibility are less influential. Practical challenges were discovered through the Macau police officers.

CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS OF BEVS IN MACAU: A PERCEPTION STUDY OF TESLA VEHICLE OWNERS - Tang, KeRui (2025)
This study examines consumer perceptions of all-electric vehicles in Macau, focusing on Tesla owners. As the Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR) pursues its long-term carbon reduction strategy, adopting BEV is a key step towards sustainable urban mobility. However, consumer attitudes and behavioral responses to BEV in Macau's unique high-density urban environment remain underexplored. This study adopts the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT-2) model with the addition of the “technological show-off” (TS) dimension to explore how Tesla owners perceive the challenges and opportunities of adopting BEV. This study used a qualitative methodology to conduct in-depth interviews with ten Tesla owners in Macau through semi-structured interviews and unstructured quantitative assessments. Data were analyzed across multiple UTAUT-2 dimensions, including Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, Habit, and the added factor of Technology Show-Off. The findings suggest that Tesla owners in Macau value their vehicles' convenience, efficiency, and technological sophistication, with a particular focus on Autopilot, acceleration, and low maintenance costs. However, issues such as limited charging infrastructure, service accessibility, and technology learning curve remain. Social status and identity are influential factors, especially in a compact and socially connected urban environment like Macau. By examining the experiences of EV users, this study fills a gap in the existing literature. It provides practical insights for policymakers and manufacturers aiming to accelerate the diffusion of BEVs. The study concludes that consumer perceptions are critical for practical benefits and emotional fulfillment for the continued growth of the electric vehicle market in Macau and similar regions.

In-vehicle interface design for passengers experience optimization of Level 4 autonomous vehicles - Wu, Jun Ting (2025)
This research focuses on the design of the in-vehicle interactive interface of L4 autonomous driving vehicles, aiming to explore how to improve the passengers experience by optimizing the interface interaction mode. With the development of autonomous driving technology, the shortcomings of existing interface design in transparent feedback, emotional adaptation and multi-modal interaction support have become the main obstacles affecting user trust and satisfaction. Based on user research and prototype design, the study proposed an interface design scheme that combines transparent feedback with emotional perception, focusing on real-time display of vehicle behaviour logic and dynamic adaptation to passenger emotional state. In user testing, the system showed some improvements in trust enhancement and ease of use, especially in response to complex road conditions and emergencies. Although this research has provided some preliminary results through innovative design, there are still limitations in technical implementation and scope of application. Future research will focus on sample diversification and accuracy improvement of emotional perception technology to further improve the design scheme and expand its application scenarios.

EXPLORING COPING STRATEGIES FAMILY MEMBERS OF PROBLEM GAMBLERS IN MACAU – A QUALITATIVE STUDY - Wong, Hio Fong (2025)
Legalizing gambling has brought numerous advantages to Macau, including employment opportunities, economic growth, improved quality of life, and accelerated urban development. While these macro-level benefits are evident, the industry has also significantly impacted local families and communities. In particular, the initial discovery of a family member's gambling problem inflicts immeasurable harm on the household, and the coping strategies adopted by affected family members critically influence their relationships with the gambler and the overall trajectory of the family unit. This qualitative study, conducted in collaboration between the University of Saint Joseph (USJ) and SKH 24-hour online gambling counseling service (SKH-24H), employed semi-structured interviews to explore the coping strategies of family members of problem gamblers. Nine participants were interviewed, and thematic analysis revealed eight key coping strategies: (1) Bailing out The Problem Gambler, (2) Maintaining Status Quo of the Family, (3) Help Seeking in Macau Community, (4) Coping by Self-Regulation, (5) Coping by Engagement, (6) Coping by Withdrawal, (7) Tolerance and (8) Seeking Psychiatric Consultations. The study aims to enhance the understanding of local gambling counseling professionals regarding the coping strategy employed by Macau families dealing with problem gamblers. By aligning intervention strategies with the lived experiences of these families, the findings can inform more effective, family-focused approaches to service delivery. Furthermore, the research provides insights for government agencies into the real-world challenges faced by families affected by problem gambling, offering evidence-based recommendations for evaluating and revising existing regulations to mitigate the adverse effects of the gambling industry on Macau's households. "

Regulatory Sandboxes in the Financial Sector in Macao - Chio, U. Ian Rowena (2025)

The Social Impact of Media Communication in Large-Scale Sports Events – A Case Study of the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games - Takashi, Suda (2025)
The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games established themselves as a unique worldwide sports event, which took place in 2021 without spectators after a year-long delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The media became the sole information distributor about the Games because there were no live spectators present at the events. Academic research about the Paralympic movement showed substantial growth since the London 2012 as media attention alongside public interest expanded. Research about the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics faces limited availability because of immigration and infection control measures combined with spectator restrictions. There is insufficient research about the social consequences of the Paralympic media coverage especially from the viewpoint of people with disabilities. This study analysed the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics through qualitative methods to understand media communication effects on Tokyo and Aichi Prefecture residents with disabilities. Four main themes emerged through reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interview dataset which included: 1) the duality of the media, 2) the suspension between the medical and social models, 3) Japanese culture and the human rights movement, and 4) Paralympian decoded. By comparing with previous research on media perception among Japanese non-disabled people, this study revealed that people with disabilities viewed the Paralympic media coverage with both critical and objective perspectives by acknowledging its benefits and challenges. People with disabilities demonstrated little optimism regarding how the media could improve public disability awareness. The study also revealed that Paralympians carry diverse and widely recognised social meanings within disability communities and that a fundamental mismatch exists between disability goals and mainstream media representations, which tend to simplify disability into one-dimensional categories. This study established a social framework that recognised and respected the diverse differences within the disability population, rather than using reductionist classification systems.

Ecosystem services from nature-based solutions: Assessment and valuation of mangroves in macao - Jiang, Tao Sheng (2025)
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) offer a sustainable approach to mitigating climate change and biodiversity loss while delivering socio-economic benefits. This study examines mangroves as a key NbS in Macao, assessing their ecosystem services and economic valuation through a hedonic pricing model. Despite their limited spatial coverage, Macao's mangroves provide critical services, including coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and habitat provision, yet face threats from invasive species and urbanization. The research employs a hedonic pricing model to analyze the relationship between property prices and proximity to mangrove ecosystems in Macao Peninsula, Taipa, and Coloane. Results demonstrate a statistically significant negative correlation, indicating that residential properties closer to mangrove areas command higher prices, reflecting the premium placed on ecological amenities. The model explains 65.0% of price variation, underscoring mangroves' influence on real estate values. This study contributes a novel valuation framework for mangrove ecosystem services in high-density coastal cities, integrating ecological and economic perspectives. The findings support evidence-based policy recommendations for mangrove conservation and sustainable urban development. Future research should expand the model to incorporate additional variables and longitudinal data to enhance predictive accuracy and applicability across diverse coastal regions. Biodiversity assessment and conservation planning in highly urbanized environments. 基于自然的解决方案（NbS）为缓解气候变化和生物多样性丧失提供了一种可持续的方法，同时还能带来社会经济利益。本研究以澳门的红树林为例，探讨其作为关键的基于自然的解决方案的作用，通过享乐定价模型评估其生态系统服务和经济价值。尽管澳门红树林的分布面积有限，但它们提供了重要的服务，包括海岸保护、碳封存和栖息地提供，然而却面临着外来物种入侵和城市化的威胁。 研究采用享乐定价模型，分析澳门半岛、氹仔和路环地区房产价格与红树林生态系统距离之间的关系。结果表明，两者之间存在显著的负相关关系，即靠近红树林区域的住宅价格更高，这反映了人们对生态设施的重视。该模型解释了 65.0%的价格差异，突显了红树林对房地产价值的影响。 本研究为高密度沿海城市的红树林生态系统服务提供了一种新的估值框架，将生态和经济视角相结合。这些发现为红树林保护和可持续城市发展提供了基于证据的政策建议。未来的研究应扩展该模型，纳入更多变量和纵向数据，以提高预测的准确性和在不同沿海地区的适用性。在高度城市化环境中进行生物多样性评估和保护规划。

The Relationship of Parenting Styles on Mental Health: Looking at the Mediation of Resilience among University Students in Macao - Fong, Hio Wa (2025)
The suicide rate has been increasing these decades. A good mental health could prevent people from committing suicide. Parents are the ones whom we spend most of the time with. How parents treat us does have an impact on both our development and mental health. However, some people can always see the positive side of things and expect things to turn out well. Therefore, the present study aims to examine if resilience would mediate the relationship between parenting styles and mental health in bachelor students. A cross-sectional research method was used in this study. Data were collected through Google Forms. The sample consists of 110 Bachelor students in Macau, with 46 males (42%) and 64 females (58%). According to the findings of the study, the mediating role of resilience in the relationships between parenting styles and mental health were found to be not significant. However, bachelor students who perceived their mothers as authoritative parenting style were found to have better mental health. While higher resilience was found to have less impact on the mental health of bachelor students. This study has pointed out the importance of different parenting styles on bachelor students' mental health and further proves the positive influence of resilience towards mental health. There is a need to cultivate the resilience of bachelor students to help them better equip themselves for stressful situations and cope with crises. Workshops or interventions are also needed for parents to teach them better parenting skills and knowledge, so that the mental health of their children could be enhanced by that.

FINANCIAL VALUATION OF MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL - Ng, Chi Long (2025)
Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) is a worldwide company that operates, franchises, and licenses a diverse portfolio of hotels, residential properties, timeshares, and other lodging options across various brands, catering to multiple price levels and service standards. Currently, Marriott operates in the U.S. & Canada segment and the international segment, including Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, the Caribbean, and Latin America. The major business segment is the U.S. & Canada, representing 80% of the consolidated net sales in 2023. To pioneer the development in the industry, Marriott has to expand its international operations to diversify geographic revenue streams and reduce dependence on the U.S. & Canada markets. Maintaining its competitive advantage is a constant challenge due to the intense competition in the global hospitality industry and the sector’s sensitivity to economic, political, and social changes. Understanding how these factors affect both the industry and Marriott is crucial for accurately assessing Marriott’s intrinsic value and its future positioning. Comparing the intrinsic value derived from three valuation models with Marriott’s market share price as of December 31, 2023, will offer valuable insights for investors.

EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE MECHANISM IN ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY OF GF COMPANY - Yang, Jia Zheng (2025)
This dissertation investigates the effectiveness and shortcomings of employee incentive mechanisms at GF Advertising Company, with a specific focus on the motivation of staff. Amid rapid changes in the advertising and printing materials industry, employee satisfaction and retention have become increasingly critical. However, the company’s current incentive system—characterized by an overreliance on material rewards and lack of development opportunities—has struggled to meet employees’ evolving needs. To explore this issue, the study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining a quantitative survey of 115 employees with qualitative interviews of 7 selected staff members. The research draws upon Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory to analyze employee motivation and satisfaction. The findings reveal key challenges in four areas: insufficient economic incentives, weak organizational environment support, underdeveloped career growth mechanisms, and ineffective work-related motivation. Based on the results, the dissertation proposes a multi-layered, localized incentive model that incorporates both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. Recommendations include optimizing communication platforms, strengthening team culture, refining promotion pathways, and diversifying reward structures to better align with employee expectations. The study concludes that a strategic and human-centered incentive mechanism not only improves employee engagement but also enhances organizational performance. Future research could further expand the sample scope and explore long-term impacts of different incentive models across companies and regions.

MAIN POSITIVE ASPECTS AND CONCERNS ABOUT YOUTH IN MACAO: A QUANTITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES - Chan, Pui Ian (2025)
The present research aimed to assess and compare the perspectives of teachers, parents, and youth regarding the main positive aspects and concerns they have about youth in Macao, namely: (1 and 2) What are the main positive aspects/concerns Macao teachers, parents, and youth focus on? And (2 and 3) How aligned are teachers, parents, and youth in Macao regarding the positive aspects/concerns? We applied a quantitative methodology based on a quantitative content analysis of open-ended questions included in the Macao validation (Simões et al., Unpublished report) of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (Achenbach, 1991; “what are your concerns regarding your child/your student/yourself”, and “what are the most positive aspects about your child/your student/yourself”). We found alignment regarding positive aspects, with youth, parents and teachers focusing on personality, abilities, and attitudes, and parents additionally on independence. Regarding concerns, there was less alignment. All mentioned academic performance and interpersonal relationships, but parents and teachers also mentioned health, morality, attitudes, and teachers’ class engagement concerns. Teachers and youths mentioned future planning, while only the youth mentioned school activities and facilities, their abilities and character and class rules and assignments. These categories are aligned with development models, including ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1994), social learning theory and social cognitive learning theory (Bandura, 1977, 1986), moral development perspectives (Mead, 1928; Gilligan 1933), self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and positive youth development perspectives (e.g., Lerner, 2005). The main practical implications are that (1) youth should have a greater awareness of their physical and mental health; (2) parents should build up a support system to enhance autonomy (3) schools play a crucial role in promoting students’ health by creating a supportive environment; (4) counsellors should promote re-connection between youth and their parents or teachers; and (5) decision-makers should invest in mental health education awareness to diminish the stigma, de-emphasise education strategies based on standardised testing, and address broader social and economic inequalities to reduce disparities and academic pressure among youths, parents and teachers.

澳門幼稚園教師和資源教師合作現況調查 - Che, Ka Sin (2025)
This study examines the collaboration between kindergarten teachers and resource teachers in Macau's inclusive early childhood education settings, focusing on the extent of their collaboration, challenges, satisfaction, support needs, and suggestions for improvement regarding collabroation. The study surveyed 53 kindergarten teachers and 15 resource teachers from inclusive kindergartens in Macau. Key findings are: (1) Over 60% of kindergarten teachers and all resource teachers had collaborative experience, and both parties reported they primarily used the ""one teaching, one assisting"" co-teaching model; (2) Over 70% of kindergarten teachers reported less than 30 minutes of weekly discussion time with resource teachers, while 40% of resource teachers reported about one hour per week for discussion with kindergarten teachers ; (3) Both groups identified communication as the main challenge; (4) Primary collaboration areas included case information exchange and teaching strategy discussions; (5) Overall satisfaction was above average, with highest satisfaction in ""positive attitude"" and lowest in ""support system;"" (6) Teachers expressed high support need for professional training and parent training; and (7) Both groups emphasized the key to improve collaboration relates to enhanced communication and more professional training and development. Based on these findings, recommendations were offered with a focus on establishing comprehensive support networks and communication platforms at policy, school, and teacher levels. 本研究旨在探討澳門幼稚園教師與資源教師在學前融合教育環境中的合作現況，包括合作程度、合作中遇到的狀況、合作滿意度、對合作的支援需求、以及對合作的建議。研究採用問卷調查法，研究對象包括澳門參與融合教育計劃的幼稚園中的53名幼稚園教師和15名資源教師。結果顯示，(1) 6成以上幼稚園教師與資源教師有合作經驗;資源教師全部都有與幼稚園教師合作的經驗，雙方教師都認為開展最多的合作教學類型是「一人教學，一人協助」;（2）雙方合作時間有限，7成以上的幼稚園教師表示每週與資源教師討論時間少於30分鐘，而有4成資源教師表示每週討論時間約1小時;(3)雙方教師表示合作時最大的困難是溝通協調;(4)最主要的合作領域是交流個案的基本情況和討論學生的教學策略;(5)兩組教師對合作的整體滿意度高於中等程度，其中「正面態度」維度滿意度最高，「支援系統」維度滿意度最低;(6)教師對專業培訓和家長培訓的支援需求較高;(7)雙方教師都認為「加強溝通」和「增加教師培訓與專業發展」是改善合作的關鍵。根據這些研究結果，筆者建議從政策、學校及教師三個層面著手，建立完善支援網絡、多元交流平臺，並持續提升教師專業能力。

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROGRESSION OF FEMALE EMPLOYEES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN MACAU - Sun, Weng Hong (2025)
This research examines aspects that influence career development for women in the public sector in Macau. The combination of local customs and what remains from Portuguese rule in Macau has led to a special society that influences how gender is dealt with in public institutions. While nations promise gender equality, women do not hold many leadership positions in their government agencies. To conduct this study, qualitative research using semi-structured interviews was performed with 12 female public sector staff, some in leadership positions and some aiming for them. Analysis of interview data shows that cultural norms, organizational structures and new technological trends together block women from advancing at work. It appears that strong cultural habits about gender keep valuing women’s domestic duties over professional goals, supporting the belief that top management should be mostly male. Women in these sectors which are largely male, are doubted about their ability to lead. Organizational barriers, including opaque promotion practices, gender-biased recruitment, lack of mentorship, and limited access to gender-sensitive leadership development programs, further impede women's career advancement. Even though work-life balance policies exist in the handbook, managers often ignore them and consider them a hindrance for women hoping to move ahead.In parallel, the study explores how digital transformation—the so-called "Internet+" era— offers both opportunities and challenges for women in the public sector. Although digital tools improve skills and career paths, poor training often keeps women from gaining from these resources. The impact of digitalization brings out more gender inequality, because women find it harder to access major leadership roles in high-tech sectors. To tackle these different problems, the dissertation recommends strategies such as running gender-focused mentorship programs, making sure work-life balance policies are properly enforced, increasing transparency during promotions and launching digital skill training just for female employees. Equally importantly, it stresses the need for shifts in cultural values together with new policies, encouraging campaigns to raise awareness and welcoming new leadership models opposed to patriarchy. The research, by considering Macau’s special setting, helps advance the debate on gender equity in governance and provides useful tips for supporting inclusive leadership paths in societies with similar characteristics.

突破選擇困難：澳門35-40歲成年人對決策的體驗及對社工的啟示 - Tam, Kuai San (2025)
As individuals reach 35, they often find that others no longer view them as young. Various theories of adult development suggest that the shift into middle age officially begins at 40. This stage is seen as a transitional period leading toward middle age, commonly referred to in our context as the ""35-year threshold"" or ""35-year crisis."" Therefore, the transformations and significant decisions faced by those aged 35 to 40 deserve attention to better understand the support necessary for a smooth transition into middle age. Research on those in the 35 to 40 age bracket is limited in many regions. This study seeks to identify the needs of early adults within this age group in our area, utilizing qualitative methods. By conducting in-depth interviews about the life experience of the interviewees and starting up writing the stories with the dimension of phenomenological pedagogy, we aim to capture participants' subjective experiences, shedding light on the psychological aspects of their decision-making during pivotal life events. In total, 20 participants aged 35 to 40 from our region were invited to contribute to this study. After three months of interviews and five months of analysis, the research identified four key factors influencing their decision-making attitudes toward major life events: a primary focus on family considerations, a perceived urgency to enact changes before turning 40, a pursuit of stability, and a desire for self-actualization while letting go of rigid expectations. Additionally, based on participants’ insights regarding support systems for Macau adults in this age group, five recommendations were proposed: enhancing family welfare policies, regular reviews of housing policies, promoting life education and diversified development for youth, addressing workplace stress and fostering continuous professional development, and increasing awareness of mental health. These measures aim to provide better support for individuals navigating life transitions or challenges. In summary, the insights gathered from participants provide important implications for adults, government bodies, and social workers regarding the services needed. This research underscores the essential support services for those aged 35 to 40 and suggests the creation of more customized programs and resources. 當踏入35歲後在別人眼裡已不再年輕，在許多成人發展理論定義上則認為踏入40歲後才算中年階段，35歲後正要開始步向中年的過渡時期，國內更稱為「35歲門檻」及「35歲危機」，所以35至40歲這個年齡階段的生活遇到的轉變和重大事件決策歷程，從而了解那些支援能讓這個年齡階段能順利過渡至中年階段，亦是值得進行探討及研究。 不同地區亦較少對35至40歲這個年齡人士進行研究，本研究為了解本澳35至40歲成年早期人士的需要，研究會採用質性研究，以深度訪談了解受訪者在研究題目當中有關的生活體驗，並以教育現象學作分析，期望從受訪者主觀表述其經驗，以了解35至40歲成年人士對於生活中重大事件的決策深層心理意涵與其真實想法。 本次研究共邀請20位本澳35至40歲之成年人士為對象，經過3個月的訪談及歷時5個月進行探討及總結，研究分析得出這個年齡階段之人士，他們面對重大事件作出決策取態的結果有以下四大重要元素：本澳35至40歲成年早期人士首先以家庭角度出發，其次認為時間不多需要在40歲前作出轉變並且追求穩定的生活，追求自我價值及放下執着。 另外，從受訪者提及如何支援本澳35至40歲之成年人的生活，共歸納出五項建議：完善家庭福利措施、定期檢視房屋政策、青年生命教育及多元發展、在職人士壓力及持續進修發展、促進心理健康的關注，讓他們能更有支援的情況下應對生活的轉變或挑戰。 最後，從各位受訪者的建議中整理及歸納，為成年人、政府相關單位及社會工作者在服務提供相關啟示，更能補充35至40歲這個年齡階段人士的生活所需之服務，以及作出更合意的支援方案與服務資訊作參考。

Western Fast Food Market Satisfaction Survey in Macau: the case of Jollibee - Hong, Xiao Yang (2025)
This dissertation investigates consumer satisfaction with the Philippine fast food chain Jollibee in the highly competitive and multicultural Macau market. The study adopts a mixed method approach, combining semi-structured interviews with ten consumers (residents and non-local tourists) to analyze the important factors driving satisfaction. The results show that service quality, especially employee efficiency and the organization of events (such as birthday parties), has a significant impact on satisfaction. However, language barriers and cultural differences when ordering food pose challenges to non-local customers. Although Jollibee's core products (especially fried chicken) are appreciated by many respondents for their taste and freshness, the menu lacks diversity. It is not localized enough to meet Macau's unique Chinese-Portuguese fusion dining preferences fully. Price sensitivity is very significant, and Jollibee is often considered by customers to be more expensive than competitors such as McDonald's, which affects their value perception. Therefore, promotional strategies, especially experiential activities, should show effectiveness and cultural resonance. Finally, the study proposed suggestions on improving service quality, menu localization, strategic pricing, and culturally sensitive promotions to improve Jollibee’s positioning in the Macau market and provide a reference for other Western fast food brands to develop in the Macau market.

Exploring the Perceived Inclusion of Filipino Domestic Workers in Macao - Chan, Hang Wai (2025)
Inclusiveness has become a critical topic nowadays, serving as a benchmark of a nation and community’s level of civilization. As a core component of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), inclusiveness underscores its global significance in fostering equitable and justice societies. The changing dynamics of Macao households, characterized by both parents working or engaging in shift work, along with an increasingly aging population, have led to a growing reliance on domestic workers. As a result, these domestic workers often develop deep relationships with the children under their care, becoming integral members of the households. According to statistics from the Labour Affairs Bureau in Macao (2024), Filipino non-resident workers comprise the second-largest ethnic group, totaling 30,267 individuals. Of this group, 48% (14,604 individuals) are engaged in domestic work, highlighting their substantial presence in the sector. This study aims to investigate the experiences of the largest migrant working group in the region—female Filipino domestic workers—focusing on their experiences of inclusiveness within both the workplace and the Macao community. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, the study conducts interviews with 10 female Filipino domestic workers in Macao. These interviews provide valuable insights into their lived experiences, illuminating their perceptions of inclusion within their employed families and society. Additionally, the research examines whether existing laws and regulations facilitate their inclusion in Macao. The results of this study revealed eight key themes and two new models of Perceived Inclusiveness in Domestic Workplace and Community , contributing to a deeper understanding of the inclusiveness experience of Filipino domestic workers in Macao.

FINANCIAL VALUATION OF PROCTER & GAMBLE CORP. - Chen, Yan Tong (2025)
Procter & Gamble (P&G) was founded in 1837 and is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. It is one of the giants of global consumer goods companies. The company has a high reputation in the daily chemical market, with factories and branches in over 80 countries worldwide. Its products from over 300 brands are sold in over 160 countries and regions, including shampoo, hair care, skincare products, cosmetics, baby care products, women's hygiene products, pharmaceuticals, fabrics, home care, personal cleaning products, etc. However, in the context of globalization and the global pandemic, maintaining a competitive advantage in the industry for a long time remains a huge challenge. The article analyzes P&G 's financial data and draws conclusions that will help evaluate its value and future positioning. A comparison between the intrinsic values from three valuation models as of December 31, 2023, will provide valuable information for investors and serve as a reference for the operation and development of other similar companies.

Nature exposure and well-being in Macao - Sazonova, Anastasiia (2025)
This dissertation investigated the impact of nature exposure, namely access to green elements, and time spent outdoors on well-being, specifically experiences of positive and negative affect and flourishing, in Macao. Drawing on existing literature, the study proposes the following hypotheses: H1: Access to green elements has a positive relationship with positive affect. H2: Time spent outdoors moderates the relationship between access to green elements and positive affect, in that more time spent outdoors will strengthen the relationship. H3: Access to green elements has a negative relationship with negative affect. H4: Time spent outdoors moderates the relationship between access to green elements and negative affect, in that more time spent outdoors will weaken the relationship. A quantitative methodology utilising cross-sectional self-response questionnaires was employed for data collection. The measures used were pre-validated and translated into Chinese through a rigorous translation and back translation process. The final sample consisted of 740 participants from different industries in Macao. The results highlight the significance of integrating natural elements in daily life to promote flourishing and positive affect. The implications of these findings, both in theoretical and practical terms, are thoroughly discussed. The findings offer valuable insights for the implementation of the biophilic practices by counsellors, educators, health professionals, urban planners, employers and other decision makers.

RECREATING THE 1990S LAI CHI VUN SHIPYARDS: VR APPLCATION IN HERITAGE CONSEVATION - Kong, Wai Peng (2025)
The shipbuilding industry in Macau, a significant cultural and economic pillar for over 150 years, faces challenges of fading memory and structural decay, particularly at the Lai Chi Vun Shipyards, a site protected under Macau’s Cultural Heritage Protection Law. This study adopts virtual reality (VR) technology to digitally reconstruct the 1990s shipyards, offering users an immersive exploration of historical structures and traditional shipbuilding practices. The VR prototype was evaluated in two distinct settings—outdoors at Song Veng Shipyard and indoors in a study room at the University of Saint Joseph (USJ) in Macau—using a combination of user recruitment, task-based interactions, and data collection through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Results revealed that users appreciated the cultural significance and visual authenticity of the VR experience but identified limitations such as physical discomfort, text-heavy content, and a lack of interactivity. Outdoor settings generally provided a more positive experience, while indoor conditions exacerbated cybersickness symptoms. Recommendations for future iterations include enhancing interactivity, incorporating multisensory elements, and improving ergonomic design to maximize educational and cultural impact. This study highlights the potential of VR as a tool for preserving and promoting Macau’s maritime heritage while addressing key areas for refinement.

HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT IN DONGGUAN: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES - Ye, Ru Qi (2025)
With the steady growth of the global population and the acceleration of the urbanization process, the carbon footprint generated by the food production system and thus by food waste (40 % of food is wasted globally) has a significant impact on the environment and for sustainable development. Dongguan, as a new first-tier city in China, has attracted many internal migrants from China to work and settle down. A large proportion of the city's waste is composed of organic waste, and household food waste is an important part of it. This may be due to the fact that families purchase too much food, set aside excessive amounts, or fail to consume the food before it spoils, resulting in a waste of resources that comes along with significant environmental impacts, especially in the form of greenhouse gas emissions. This research adopted the method of questionnaire survey. The questionnaire aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the food waste perception and situation in Dongguan’s household sector and its families. By covering questions in three aspects: the demographic information of the respondents, their views and perceptions of local food waste, and their behavioral habits, the questionnaire investigates the current situation and local challenges of household food waste in families (such as the situation of leftover dishes, the proportion of food waste in household garbage, etc.), analyzes the causes of waste (factors in links such as purchasing, cooking, and storing), explores the wider public's awareness and attitudes towards food waste (degree of attention, views on reduction measures, environmental awareness, etc.), and clarifies the behavioral habits of dealing with leftover food (handling methods, willingness to purchase discounted food, etc.), and analyzes the relationship between demographic characteristics and food waste, so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted strategies. The survey results show that there exists a significant degree of food waste in Dongguan households. The public's awareness and behavioral habits regarding food waste vary greatly, and there is much room for improvement and enhancement. It is urgent to strengthen publicity and education work, which will help improve the public's understanding of the harm of food waste and enhance their environmental awareness. The research finds that although the Dongguan Municipal Government attaches great importance to the problem of food waste, the current policies mainly focus on the catering industry. In terms of the governance of food waste at the family level, relevant measures still need to be further strengthened. This study analyzes the factors affecting household food waste generation and comprehensively reviews and evaluates relevant policies aimed at mitigating food waste in Dongguan. On this basis, this study provides preliminary suggestions for policymakers and government departments on regional and national level, aiming to point out the direction for future related research and work planning.

我城的集體記憶：澳門民間藝文活動如何形塑地方認同 - Lei, Cheok Ieng (2025)

A Financial Valuation of Nike, Inc. - Almeida, Melissa Sofia Barbosa (2025)
This research focuses on Nike, Inc., an American multinational corporation and global leader in the design, marketing, and sale of athletic footwear, apparel, and equipment. The study executes a financial valuation of Nike with the objective of estimating its intrinsic value and comparing it with the market value as of May 31st, 2023. The analysis combines a review of the company's overall strategic positioning in the industry and its historical financial performance. The methodology involved the reorganization of financial statements, the calculation of key financial metrics (NOPLAT, FCF, ROIC), the estimation of the cost of capital (WACC) using CAPM, and the application of valuation models based on discounted cash flows (Enterprise DCF, APV, DEP). The results imply that, as of May 31st, 2023, Nike's estimated intrinsic value was between $54.94 and $59.23 per share. Comparing this to the market price of $105.26 on the same date, the analysis concludes that Nike shares were significantly overvalued. The sensitivity analysis highlighted the vulnerability of the valuation to changes in the market risk premium and the perpetual growth rate. It is concluded that, despite Nike's strong market position, effective management of external risks, and maintenance of financial discipline are crucial to its future value.

GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF THE MACAO PUBLIC SECURITY POLICE FORCE - Chan, Wai Kit (2025)
This dissertation investigates the implementation of gender mainstreaming in career development in the Macao Public Security Police Force, specifically how the institutional policies and socio-cultural contexts interact within and influence careers in a traditionally structured organization. The study utilizes the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore the impact of Attitude, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control in influencing career development outcomes. Adopting a qualitative approach, utilizing policy analysis with in-depth interviews to identify gaps in academic studies and assess the effectiveness. Findings demonstrate that while some progress is observed, highly entrenched biases and traditional views of roles remain present and pose significant challenges. Police officers throughout the organization expressed a desire for reducing structural barriers, and enhancing support for employee work-life balance to benefit all personnel. By analyzing the local conditions in Macao and reflecting on relevant global practices in gender mainstreaming, this study concludes that sustainable equality in the workplace requires a balance of institutional and cultural factors, including organizational policies, workplace norms, gender stereotypes and societal expectations. In essence, the study contributes to the multidimensional discussion on how we can all leverage positive practices and offers valuable advice on improving workplace equality.

"SPIRITUALITY’S IMPACT ON WORK ENGAGEMENT AND WELL-BEING AMONG RELIGIOUS SISTERS: A CASE STUDY OF COPING STRATEGIES AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN THE WORKPLACE" - CHERROPIHTUN (2025)
Spiritual beliefs enhance work engagement because religious and spiritual perspectives influence how individuals perceive their daily circumstances and organize their activities, impacting their overall happiness and satisfaction with life and reinforcing their meaning in the workplace. This study examines the impact of spirituality on work engagement and wellbeing among religious sisters, focusing on their unique workplace dynamics and coping strategies. Recognizing that work serves not only as a means of survival but also as a source of social, organizational, and spiritual experiences that create meaning, happiness, and a sense of purpose. Moreover, research indicates that spirituality plays a significant role in enhancing well-being, leading to higher levels of work engagement, life satisfaction, and flourishing. This research aims to fill a gap in existing literature about the well-being of religious workers and offer insights that benefit both individuals and organizations. Understanding how spirituality, work engagement, and well-being interact can help organizations and contribute to personal overall well-being. This study has adopted qualitative research as the research as methodology. Semi-structured interviews allow for an in-depth exploration of personal experiences and perceptions, providing flexibility for participants to elaborate on their thoughts. Thematic analysis was then applied to each interview to identify and interpret key themes emerging from the data, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the participants’ insights (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Thematic analysis revealed several key findings: spirituality serves as a source of resilience, provides a sense of purpose, and fosters strong community ties, all of V which significantly enhance subjective well-being. The findings highlight that high levels of subjective well-being are linked to active engagement in spiritual practices and supportive community relationships. The findings suggest that religious organizations should create tailored support programs that address the specific needs of individual religious sisters, including mental health resources, opportunities for spiritual growth, peer support groups, and regular retreats. This research contributes to the understanding of the unique challenges faced by religious sisters and underscores the importance of integrating spirituality into workplace practices, offering valuable insights for religious communities and policymakers.

TO EXPLORE THE EXPERIENCE OF MACAU YOUNG PEOPLE PERCEPTION OF USING FOUL LANGUAGE - Iun, Keng In (2025)
Foul language is a common phenomenon in our daily lives. In the modern time, it is no longer a novelty in using foul language. However, the subjective impression of foul language as uncultured or rude is no longer rare. With the popularity of people speaking foul language in their daily life, especially we are witnessing more and more young people in Macau using foul language to communicate in different context. This study aims to explore the experiences of Macau youth in using foul language. This study adopts semi-structured interviews with study participants, and analyze what they understand and perceive as foul language in different certain situations in the context of Macau. Findings of this study indicate that foul language plays a role in emotional expression and relationship building, which are essential element of counselling service. Even with this factor, participants still felt that the use of foul language was more effective only when the client used than in other situations.

METAVERSE MARKETING: HOW THE METAVERSE WILL SHAPE THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM AND PRACTICE,THE CASE STUDY OF MACAU (2025)
"The advent of the metaverse heralds a new era of unparalleled potential within digital ecosystems, significantly transforming industries such as tourism. This study explores the profound changes in tourism marketing induced by the metaverse, particularly through a focused examination of Macau's strategic initiatives. Predicated on the belief that immersive technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are driving a marketing paradigm shift, this research clarifies the theoretical foundations and practical impacts of metaverse marketing in enhancing the tourism experience. Employing mixed-methods research combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, the analysis showcases Macau's utilization of metaverse marketing to bolster value creation and competitive positioning in the tourism sector. Findings indicate that metaverse marketing profoundly influences consumer behavior, highlighting nuanced consumer journeys within the virtual tourism market. Macau's case illustrates the success of its meta-universe initiatives and benchmarks them against global practices to extract sustainable competitive advantages and strategic insights. The study aggregates the marketing experiences of metaverse practitioners, revealing transformative effects on stakeholders ranging from revelant industries. It notes that while metaverse marketing provides some convenience for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in tourism, it lacks long-term effectiveness. Commending Macau's innovative approach in the meta-universe, the research outlines directions for future efforts and contributes to the burgeoning literature on metaverse marketing, offering actionable recommendations and underscoring the imperative for ongoing innovation in this dynamic digital realm."

MANAGEMENT ADJUSTMENTS FOR PREFABRICATED COMPONENT USING IN FIT-OUT WORKS: CASE ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - Ma, He (2025)
The purpose of this thesis is to assess how the use of prefabricated components alters management practices in fit-out projects and to propose effective adjustments based on real-world evidence. Focusing on the renovation of the Venetian Cotai Arena in Macau, conducted between January and October 2024, this study aims to help project managers anticipate and overcome the unique challenges introduced by prefabrication, especially in areas such as supply chain coordination, cost control, quality assurance, workforce management, and communication. Driven by rising labor costs and growing quality demands in Hong Kong, Macau, and Mainland China, prefabricated construction has emerged as a promising yet complex solution for interior fit-out projects. Despite its theoretical advantages—such as time efficiency and standardized quality—this research finds that practical management issues can offset these benefits if not properly addressed. The study adopts a qualitative case study approach, drawing on stakeholder interviews, internal meeting records, and dynamic cost analysis to investigate management failures and derive actionable insights. The findings reveal that delays in prefabricated material production and delivery were the root cause of construction inefficiencies. These delays disrupted work sequencing, led to labor idle time, and triggered costly overtime during final phases. Inadequate supplier capacity and outdated production processes contributed to this problem, while poor quality control caused dimensional mismatches and on-site rework. Cost analysis confirmed that rework expenses reached over MOP 22 million, while material and labor costs also significantly exceeded the original budget. Labor inefficiencies—driven by untrained workers and uncoordinated instructions—added further financial and scheduling pressures. Warehouse mismanagement and unclear material labeling further delayed installation work and increased operational overheads. The study concludes that prefabrication success is contingent not only on technical design but also on the implementation of proactive management strategies, including early supplier engagement, accurate production planning, effective logistics labeling, and structured site-level authority. This thesis contributes practical guidance for future projects by demonstrating how targeted management adjustments—based on real case data—can reduce cost overruns, improve coordination, and increase overall project efficiency when using prefabricated components.

THE IMPACT OF ESG-LINKED EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ON GREEN INVESTMENT IN CHINESE LISTED COMPANIES (2025)
Against the backdrop of a deepening global concept of sustainable development, environmental, social and governance (ESG) elements have gradually risen to become key components of corporate strategic choices. Within the framework of China's ‘dual-carbon’ strategic goal, green investment, as a key path to promote sustainable development, has attracted widespread attention for its intrinsic driving mechanism. This study selects a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies between 2019 and 2023, and systematically analyses the impact of ESG-linked executive compensation on corporate green investment and its mechanism of action. By establishing a multiple regression model and applying the mediation effect and moderating effect analysis method, the following empirical results are obtained: First, ESG-linked executive compensation has a significant positive impact on green investment; Second, Environmental awareness plays a partially mediating role in the relationship between ESG-linked executive compensation and green investment, suggesting that ESG-linked executive compensation not only acts directly on investment decisions, but also indirectly promotes green investment by enhancing corporate environmental awareness; Third, the nature of enterprise ownership and industry characteristics have a significant moderating effect on this effect, compared with private enterprises, ESG-linked executive compensation promotes green investment in state-owned enterprises more obviously; at the same time, the sensitivity of high-pollution industries to ESG-linked executive compensation is higher than that of low-pollution industries, which suggests that ESG-linked executive compensation has a stronger ‘corrective’ effect in industries facing higher environmental risks. To ensure the robustness of the findings, the study was validated by replacing the dependent variable (EPI for environmental investment), replacing the empirical model (Tobit model), and dealing with endogeneity issues (lag analysis and propensity score matching method), all of which yielded results consistent with the underlying research hypotheses.

EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS OF ADOLESCENTS’ MENTAL HEALTH: A QUALITATIVE STUDY WITH EDUCATORS, SOCIAL WORKERS, AND MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN MACAU - Cheong, Wai Teng (2025)
As suicide and medical consultation rates among local adolescents in Macau rise, their mental health becomes increasingly concerning, highlighting a lack of relevant local research. This qualitative study examines the perspectives of adult helping professionals in Macau regarding adolescents' mental health. It involved semi-structured interviews with 12 professionals, including social workers, teachers, counselors, and psychotherapists. The analysis of the interview data revealed six significant themes impacting the mental health of young people: adult sensitivity to adolescents, excessive online information, the influence of peers or significant others, negative self-image and life experiences, and family and socio-cultural factors. The study's findings highlight the protective role of adult sensitivity to adolescents, the prevalence of excessive online information, the influence of peers and significant others, negative self-image and life experiences, and negative socio-cultural factors in Macau. The study underscores the societal demand for success, the need for family-friendly policies, limited public knowledge about mental health, and the protective impact of adult sensitivity on adolescents' mental health. Recommendations include that the government prioritize adolescents' needs, foster multiple abilities, enhance teachers' understanding of mental health and treatment methods, strengthen the workforce, optimize family-friendly policies, value parent-child time, and integrate emotional education courses into the educational system to boost public awareness of mental health. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners committed to improving the mental health of Macau's youth.

A PHILOSOPHICAL COMPARISON OF THE AESTHETICS OF FRENCH NOUVELLE CUISINE AND KAISEKI CUISINE - Wong, Lok Io (2025)
This dissertation conducts a comparison of French Nouvelle Cuisine and Japanese Kaiseki Cuisine, exploring the similarities and differences of both cuisines and reflecting how cultural values, philosophical aspects, and historical influences have shaped contemporary dining experiences. In the examination of both cuisines, it takes into consideration aspects such as sensory experience, plating, and their underlying philosophical principles to demonstrate the interaction between aesthetics and culture particularly in relation to the culinary arts. French nouvelle cuisine was influenced by the Enlightenment, and this type of Western cuisine highlights a focus on texture and balance in flavor, emphasizing freshness, innovation, and intellectual artistry. Kaiseki cuisine inherited the tradition of the Japanese tea ceremony and is essentially rooted in Zen Buddhism. Some of the core aesthetic concepts in Kaiseki cuisine include seasonality, simplicity, and the aesthetic concept of wabi-sabi, emphasizing how humans should live in harmony with nature. As these two types of cuisines are compared, there will also be a comparison of Immanuel Kant’s aesthetics and how it is related to French nouvelle cuisine, as representative of a Western philosophical view and this will be compared to Japanese aesthetics in general and, in particular, the views on aesthetics of the Japanese philosopher Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki, as representative of an Eastern philosophical view and its relation to culinary arts.

L'ORÉAL'S INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY: THE SUCCESS AND CHALLENGES OF LANCÔME BRAND IN THE CHINESE MARKET - Guan, Xin Tong (2025)
his study analyzes the effectiveness of Lancôme's localization strategy in the Chinese market, and explores how international brands can win recognition and achieve sustainable development in a highly competitive market. Against the backdrop of a fast-growing Chinese cosmetics market that is facing the challenges of rising local brands, shifting consumer preferences, and digital marketing, the study employs the Howard Sheth model, combined with in-depth interviews with 16 female consumers, to analyze their purchasing decisions and feedback on localization strategies. The study finds that Lancôme's technological attributes and social media communication have significantly improved brand perception, but the issues of cultural adaptation and price sensitivity still need to be optimized. Consumers generally perceive its high-end technology positioning as contradictory to local needs, and suggest differentiated pricing, deepening of local cultural elements, and emotional marketing to enhance affinity. The conclusion suggests that international brands need to find a balance between ""high-end technology"" and ""local affinity"", and respond to the complex challenges of the market through flexible pricing, in-depth localization and upgrading of the omni-channel experience.

An Empirical Assessment of Public Servants' Integrity in the Public Sector of Macao - Wong, Hio Nam (2025)
This study provides an empirical assessment of public servants’ integrity in Macao’s public sector, exploring how integrity is perceived, practiced, and promoted amid Macao’s unique administrative and socio-cultural context. Drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with ten public servants from diverse departments and hierarchical levels, the research adopts a qualitative approach guided by the Theory of Public Service Motivation (PSM). The findings reveal that integrity fundamentally prioritizes public interest above personal gain, grounded in honesty, self-discipline, and ethical commitment. While organizational missions and formal codes offer guidance, individual values, professional ethics, and personal motivation are central to upholding integrity. Key enablers include mission-driven values, ethical leadership, supportive organizational culture, non-monetary incentives, and recognition. However, integrity is undermined by inconsistent ethics training, weak supervision, ineffective reporting mechanisms, and cultural factors such as close social networks and fear of retaliation. The effectiveness of mechanisms, such as internal regulations, anti-corruption agencies, and ethics training, varies across departments, often hindered by procedural gaps and societal norms. The study concludes that sustaining integrity in Macao’s public sector requires strengthening ethics education, enhancing leadership and culture, improving internal systems, and addressing systemic and societal risks. Limitations include the small, non-generalizable sample and focus on qualitative insights. Recommendations are targeted at policymakers, the supervisory institution, the Commission Against Corruption (CCAC), and institutional leaders for future reforms.

澳門普通學校教師特教專業知能與融合教育態度之關係混合研究 - Lio, Hang Io (2025)
This study investigates the relationship between special education professional competence and inclusive education attitudes among general school teachers in Macao, aiming to understand how these factors influence the development of inclusive education in the region. 310 valid questionnaires were collected from local general school teachers through surveys incorporating 14 background variables, analyzed using statistical methods including independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and ordinal one-way ANOVA. Qualitative interviews further supplemented the findings. The results show: 1. General school teachers in Macao demonstrated a relateively high level of ""overall special education competence"" and its five dimensions: ""general special education knowledge,"" ""curriculum design competence,"" ""instructional design competence,"" ""assessment competence,"" and ""classroom management competence."" 2. Teachers showed positive ""overall inclusive education attitudes"" across three dimensions: ""cognitive,"" ""emotion,"" and ""behavior."" 3. Nine background variables showed significant differences in special education competence: ""age,"" ""teaching experience,"" ""special education experience,"" ""participation in inclusive education courses offered by the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau (EYAB),"" ""participation in EYAB workshops/seminars,"" ""pre-teaching relevant experience,"" ""level of support from special education professionals,"" ""frequency of colleague communication regarding inclusive students,"" and ""number of inclusive students in the class with the highest inclusion rate."" 4. Five variables show significant differences in attitudes toward inclusive education: ""age,"" ""teaching experience,"" ""special education experience,"" ""pre-teaching relevant experience,"" and ""frequency of colleague communication on inclusive student issues."" Part of the qualitative interview results are consistent with the quantitative results. Additionally, Pearson Correlation Analysis was conducted, revealing a positive correlation between special education professional competence and attitudes toward inclusive education. Qualitative findings revealed additional insights: 1. Teachers identified five influencing variable for special education competence: ""gender,"" ""educational background,"" ""professional specialization,"" ""job position,"" and ""teaching stage."" 2. Teachers identified four variables impacted inclusive education attitudes: ""educational background,"" ""professional specialization,"" ""job roles,"" and ""number of inclusive students in the class with highest inclusion rate."" 3. ""Personality traits"" was a critical factor in teachers’ inclusive education attitudes: teachers with more positive, open, and patient dispositions showed stronger inclusive education attitudes. 4. ""Teacher-student relationship"" positively influenced both competence and attitudes, with better relationships correlating with higher proficiency and more favorable attitudes. Qualitative data primarily served to support and enrich the quantitative findings. 本研究以澳門普通學校教師為研究對象，探討教師在融合教育中的特教專業知能及融合教育態度之相關情況，並瞭解特教專業知能及融合教育態度對澳門融合教育發展之影響，從而由受訪者提供可提升相關因素的建議。研究一共收集了310位本澳普通學校教師的資料，14個背景變項，使用獨立樣本t檢定，單因子變異數分析、單因子等級變異數分析進行統計。結果顯示： 1）本澳普通教師在「整體特教專業知能」及其「一般特教知能」、「課程設計知能」、「教學設計知能」、「課程評核知能」及「班級經營知能」五大層面也屬於較好程度。 2）本澳普通教師在「整體融合教育態度」及其「認知」、「情感」及「行為」三大層面也屬於較好程度。 3）「年齡」、「教學年資」、「特教年資」、「修讀教青局所舉辦融合教育課程進修」、「修讀教青局所舉辦有關的講座/工作坊」、「任教前相關經驗」、「特殊教育專業人員的支援程度」、「就融合生問題而與同事溝通時間頻率」及「任教班級中最多融合生的班級之融合生人數」等九個背景變項在特教專業知能中呈顯著差異。 4）「年齡」、「教學年資」、「特教年資」、「任教前相關經驗」及「就融合生問題而與同事溝通時間頻率」等五個背景變項在融合教育態度中呈顯著差異。 而質性訪談有部分結果與量化結果相似，因此質性能解釋量化的情形。此外，亦通過獨立皮爾遜積差相關分析進行統計。結果顯示：特教專業知能與融合教育態度相互呈正相關。 再者，在質性訪談結果中有不同的發現，結果顯示： 1）本澳普通學校教師認為「性別」、「學歷」、「專業背景」、「擔任職務」、「任教階段」等五個背景變項在特教專業知能中有影響。 2）本澳普通學校教師認為「學歷」、「專業背景」、「擔任職務」、「任教班級中最多融合生的班級之融合生人數」等四個背景變項在融合教育態度中有影響。 3） 「人格特質」是影響教師融合教育態度的其中一個決定性因素，越正面積極、開放性態度越高及越有耐性，在融合教育態度上越正面。 4） 「師生關係」可能是影響教師特教專業知能及融合教育態度的其中一個決定性因素，即師生關係越好，特教專業知能及融合教育態度越好。 而質性所得出之結果主要是用來支撐及補充量化研究的結果之發現。

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL INNOVATION THROUGH INCUBATION IN CHINA: IMPLEMENTING SDG 8 DECENT JOB AND 17 COLLABORATION NETWORK - Abdullah, Abubakar Sadik (2025)
This study explores the influence of social innovation facilitated through incubation programs on advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 8 Decent Work and SDG 17 Partnerships. Employing a qualitative research approach, the investigation involved analyzing the perspectives of 9 participants from Epark Incubation, representing diverse enterprise. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine how social innovation within these incubation initiatives contributes to value co creation and supports the achievement of these SDGs. Out of the initial participants, nine were successfully interviewed, providing rich insights that addressed the core research questions. The qualitative data reveal that the provision of cost-reduction platforms to incubators plays a crucial role in fostering sustainability, which subsequently leads to job creation. This underscores the effectiveness of cost-efficient support mechanisms and providing training through a mentorship in driving decent work and economic growth (SDG 8). Findings also emphasize the importance of digital training, including artificial intelligence (AI) skills, and the enhancement of resource pools to strengthen networks among incubates enterprises. Moreover, the research identifies significant challenges such as funding gaps, cultural frictions, and regulatory barriers. To address these issues, it recommends integrating digital training aligned with current technological trends and navigating policy environments to facilitate easier access to funding for the incubatees. Establishing structured communication frameworks-through workshops, seminars, and benchmarking-can also help mitigate cultural frictions. 3 Looking ahead, the study suggests that future research should focus on diversifying funding sources beyond traditional capital, particularly for technology-driven incubator. Exploring impact investment models, developing crowdfunding platforms tailored for social enterprises, and advocating for government incentives to support social innovation are vital strategies. While the training-to-placement model has demonstrated effectiveness, scaling these programs and adapting them to emerging skill gaps is essential to maintain relevance in a rapidly evolving digital economy.

Sustainable Tourism Practices in Macau from Operators Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities - Lok, Pou Ieng (2025)
This dissertation investigates the challenges and opportunities for implementing sustainable tourism practices in Macau from the perspective of tourism operators. With Macau's economy heavily reliant on its vibrant tourism industry, particularly the gaming sector, the rapid growth has led to significant environmental and social impacts, raising concerns about long-term sustainability. This study aims to identify the barriers preventing operators from fully embracing sustainability, such as high implementation costs, a perceived lack of robust governmental support, and insufficient knowledge among stakeholders. Concurrently, it explores the potential avenues for sustainable tourism development, including enhanced collaboration, improved financial incentives, and strengthened environmental legislation. Through qualitative interviews, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape. The findings reveal that while operators acknowledge the importance of sustainability, practical and policy-related hurdles persist. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers and tourism operators to foster a more sustainable and resilient tourism sector in Macau, capable of withstanding global shocks and ensuring long-term prosperity without compromising its unique cultural and natural assets. 本論文調查了實施的挑戰和機遇 從旅遊經營者的角度看澳門的可持續旅遊實踐。 隨著 澳門的經濟嚴重依賴其充滿活力的旅遊業，特別是 遊戲行業的快速增長給環境和社會帶來了重大影響， 引起對長期可持續性的擔憂。 這項研究旨在確定障礙 阻止運營商充分接受可持續性，例如高實施率 成本，被認為缺乏強大的政府支援，以及知識不足 在利益相關者中。 同時，它探索了可持續的潛在途徑 旅遊業發展，包括加強合作，改善財政激勵措施， 並加強了環境立法。 透過定性訪談， 研究提供了對當前格局的全面瞭解。 這 調查結果顯示，雖然運營商承認可持續性的重要性， 實際和政策相關的障礙持續存在。 這項研究以可操作的結論 對決策者和旅遊經營者的建議，以促進更可持續的 澳門有彈性的旅遊業，能夠抵禦全球衝擊和 在不損害其獨特的文化和自然的情況下確保長期繁榮資產

EXPLORING MACAU CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH PATUÁ LANGUAGE WITH THEATRE GROUP DÓCI PAPIAÇÁM - Choi, Kit I. (2025)
Macanese Patuá, a Creole language of Macau, also known as "Dóci Língu di Macau", crafted by Macanese people with different cultural backgrounds such as Portuguese, Malay, Cantonese, English, and Spanish, has been forgotten over time and is almost unknown to local new generations. This research aims to explore the historical and social relevance of Patuá, emphasising its rise, evolution, and fall in Macau society. In addition, the study will use a Macanese theatre group as a case study, Dóci Papiaçám di Macau, created by creole Macanese thespians who speak Patuá and wish to continue to use the language and promote their cultural heritage. They offer yearly public performances of Patuá theatre around May. The ensemble integrates multilingual features into performances, humorously interpreting cultural differences and societal themes, earning local acclaim and support, effectively advocating for Macanese Patuá through art.

PAWMATCHPRO: INTERACTIVE APPLICATION FOR PET ADOPTION IN MACAO - Lin, Wei Hui (2025)
This study systematically analyzes the needs and preferences of pet adopters in Macao through questionnaires, in-depth interviews and data analysis, in view of the problems such as information asymmetry, complex adoption process and lack of knowledge about pet health care. Based on this, a pet adoption app has been designed, integrating pet information display, intelligent matching recommendations, simplified adoption procedures, pet health management, community interaction and sharing, as well as educational resource integration. The app not only provides rich pet adoption information and convenient adoption processes but also uses smart algorithms to recommend the most suitable pets for users, enhancing the accuracy of adoption matches. At the same time, the built-in pet health management module and community interaction features effectively enhance users' awareness and participation in pet health care. Experimental validation shows that this application significantly improves pet adoption efficiency, enhances user satisfaction, and promotes pet welfare. This study not only provides an innovative technical solution for pet adoption in Macao but also offers valuable references for the design and development of pet adoption applications in other regions.

自閉症兒童自傷行為的功能行為評估與行為干預 - Ng Cen, Juana (2025)
The incidence of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ranges from 35% to 60%. Common types of SIB include head-banging, hair-pulling, arm-biting, eye-poking, skin-scratching and other behaviors. Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and function-based behavioral interventions have been shown to reduce SIB in children with ASD. However, there is limited research on this subject in Macao. This study applies a single-subject alternating treatment design to conduct an FBA on the self-injurious behavior of a child with ASD in Macao, followed by the implementation of a function-based behavioral intervention, aiming to effectively reduce the frequency or intensity of SIB in children with ASD. Based on the results of this study, the conclusions are as follows: a) Based on the Functional Behavior Assessment, the main functions of self-injurious behavior in the child with ASD are identified as escape from task demands and access to tangible items; b) Function-based intervention strategies (such as functional communication training, FCT) significantly reduce the occurrence of SIB in children with ASD. In this case study, the frequency of SIB markedly decreased, and the improvement was maintained even after the intervention was withdrawn; c) Based on the results of FCT, both independent communication behaviors (picture cards and the speech-generating device BigMac) effectively reduced the child’s SIB. However, the child learned to use the BigMac as an alternative communication behavior more quickly, and there was no occurrence of self-injurious behavior while using BigMac, whereas SIB occasionally occurred when using picture cards; d) Function-based intervention strategies demonstrate a good social validity, with the child’s teachers expressing agreement with the research’s implementation process and outcomes. 自閉症譜系障礙（Autism Spectrum Disorder，ASD）兒童自傷行為的發生率高達35%-60%，常見的類型包括撞頭、拉頭髮、咬手臂、戳眼睛及抓皮膚等。功能行為評估和基於功能的行為干預有助於降低自閉症兒童的自傷行為，然而，澳門相關的研究較少。本研究採用單一被試交替處理設計對1名澳門自閉症兒童的自傷行為開展功能行為評估，並制定相應的基於功能的行為干預。研究結果顯示：a) 基於功能行為評估，可以確定該自閉症兒童自傷行為的主要功能為逃避任務及獲得實物；b) 採用基於行為功能的干預策略（即功能性溝通訓練），可以有效降低該自閉症兒童自傷行為的頻率，且在撤銷干預後仍能維持改善效果；c) 根據功能性溝通訓練的結果，學習兩種獨立溝通行為（圖卡和言語生成設備BigMac）均有助於減少該兒童的自傷行為，但相對而言，他更快學會使用BigMac這個替代溝通行為，而且在使用BigMac的實驗時段中完全沒有出現自傷行為，而使用圖卡時會出現自傷行為；d) 基於行為功能的干預策略具有良好的社會效度，該自閉症兒童的教師對研究的實施過程及成效表示認同。

Valuation of Estee Lauder - Huang, Zhi Ting (2025)
The Estée Lauder Companies (EL)is a global leader in prestige beauty. They build consumer-beloved brands that manufacture, market, and sell exemplary skin care, makeup, fragrance, and hair care products, and serve as a steward of luxury and prestige brands globally. Today Estée Lauder's skin care, makeup and fragrance products is sold in more than 150 countries worldwide. But sustaining its competitive advantage represents an everyday challenge, due to the fierce competition that characterizes the beauty and cosmetics industry worldwide. Therefore, the thesis analyzed the financial statements of Estée Lauder Companies for the past five years (2019-2023) and forecast the business performance for the next decade (2024-2033). After that, it will calculate the intrinsic value of Estée Lauder as of December 31, 2023, and compare it with the stock market price on that day. This comparative analysis is helpful for judging whether the market price of the company's stocks truly reflects its actual value. Another objective is to explore and analyze the internal and external factors influencing the company and its future strategic planning, thereby providing important information for the sensitivity analysis of stock prices. Through this analysis, the potential impact that these factors and strategies may have on the future price of stocks can be reflected, providing an important basis for investors' decision-making. 雅诗兰黛公司（EL）是全球高端美妆领域的领导者。他们打造深受消费者喜爱的品牌，生产、营销和销售卓越的护肤品、彩妆、香水和护发产品，并在全球范围内担任奢侈品和高端品牌的守护者。如今，雅诗兰黛的护肤品、彩妆和香水产品在全球 150 多个国家销售。 但要保持其竞争优势是一项日常挑战，因为全球美容和化妆品行业竞争激烈。因此，本文分析了雅诗兰黛公司过去五年（2019 - 2023 年）的财务报表，并预测了未来十年（2024 - 2033 年）的业务表现。之后，将计算截至 2023 年 12 月 31 日雅诗兰黛的内在价值，并将其与当天的股票市场价格进行比较。这种比较分析有助于判断该公司股票的市场价格是否真正反映了其实际价值。另一个目标是探索和分析影响公司及其未来战略规划的内部和外部因素，从而为股票价格的敏感性分析提供重要信息。通过这种分析，可以反映出这些因素和策略可能对股票未来价格产生的潜在影响，为投资者的决策提供重要依据。

CAREGIVERS TO PEOPLE LIVING WITH DEMENTIA IN SINGAPORE: PROCESSES AND EXPERIENCES - Xu, Si Min (2025)
Dementia is a progressive cognitive disease affecting 55 million people worldwide. Each of these 55 million people needs at least one caregiver to support them as dementia progresses. By exploring home-based caregiving as a process, I attempt to highlight how a bioecological approach to study caregivers could shed some light on issues currently unidentified by extant caregiving studies. A bioecological approach also shows the systemic implications to caregivers’ human development due to the proximal processes between the care recipient and the caregiver. Nine Singaporean Chinese caregivers with at least three years of dementia caregiving experience were interviewed and analysed using thematic analysis. Research findings reveal three major themes of (a) human development with subthemes of self-growth and self-preservation, (b) proximal processes between caregiver and care recipient with subthemes of rollercoaster of emotions, meaning-making and adaptive behaviours and (c) bioecological effects of dementia caregiving with subthemes of role engulfment and support from others. By using a bioecological approach, this study moves beyond conventional themes frequently explored in extant caregiver literature, such as caregiver burdens and gains. The findings from these studies extend beyond Singaporean and Asian caregivers with relevance to caregivers worldwide, as dementia is a global healthcare condition with common challenges faced by caregivers worldwide. My research findings shed light on how the caregiver’s systemic interactions with principal persons such as the care recipient’s spouse, siblings and helpers play crucial roles in sustaining the caregiver’s wellbeing and enable them to carry on caregiving. This study advocates that caregivers continue their caregiving journey because of systemic support from principal persons and the relationship with the care recipient. The implications of these research findings are discussed from a microsystemic perspective, focusing on the individual caregiver, and mesosystemic, exosystemic and macrosystemic perspectives, focusing on society, community and government policies. Taking a systemic approach, practical suggestions include counselling support and psychotherapeutic interventions for caregivers throughout their caregiving journey to improve personal happiness, more proactive and microsystemic support from grassroots and public agencies focusing on the early days of a caregiver’s journey to improve caregiver visibility, reduce feelings of isolation and provide support. Increasing the profile of caregivers in the public domain could also promote a sense of visibility and recognition of individual caregivers. By helping caregivers, society could keep people living with dementia in family-level care and reduce public healthcare costs and reliance on formal institutions.

EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF STOCK MARKET PREDICTION USING AUTOREGRESSIVE AND MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS - Luo, Wen Hao (2025)
"This study addresses the challenges of multidimensional nonlinearity and multifactorial influences in stock market prediction by proposing a dual-channel deep learning framework based on BERT+BiGRU+Attention (BBA), which integrates investor sentiment analysis with temporal trading data dynamics. Leveraging crawled data from platforms such as East Money Stock Bar, we analyze 30,000 investor comments on Tsingtao Brewery (600600) and corresponding trading records (2010- 2021). Key innovations include: A domain-specific financial sentiment lexicon enhanced by BERT for contextual text vectorization, coupled with BiGRU-based temporal feature extraction and attention-driven keyword focus.Test the rise and fall pages of stocks using stock reviews"

EXPLORING THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CAREER DECISION- MAKING AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY COMPARING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLING IN VIETNAM - Ho, Thi Huyen (2025)
The rising number of students working in different fields after graduation has prompted the Ministry of Education and Training in Vietnam to emphasize the establishment of school counselling focused on career orientation to help students make a right career choice and to enhance workforce quality in response to the labor market. Career orientation is crucial for providing guidance, information, and clarity to assist individuals in career decision-making. This research aims to identify factors influencing career decision-making among high school students in Vietnam. This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of grade 12 students from a public high school in Nghe An Province and a private high school in Dak Nong Province, Vietnam, to explore the factors influencing their career decision-making. This study identified how different factors influence the career choice of students, including individual, family, school, peers, and social trends. Two major influencing factors in career decision-making among the grade 12 students are: 1) academic performance and 2) family socioeconomic status. The results also show the differences among the factors between the public and private schooling, in which students in private school tend to have greater autonomy in their career decision-making, influenced by family aspirations, supportive educational resources and share openly with peers about career choices, while in public school students often prioritize job security and financial concerns due to limited exposure and guidance. This study contributed important information for students to make their career decisions seriously, stressing the role of school in career orientation in providing career information, career programs, and school counselling services to avoid the common situation of “too many chiefs, not enough Indians.

EXPLORING ENTREPRENEURIAL PERCEPTION AND CHALLENGES OF AFRICAN STUDENTS ABROAD: THE CASE OF MACAU. - Fati, Mamadu (2025)
This paper explores the entrepreneurial perception and challenges of African students from Portuguese-speaking countries (PSC) in Macau, adopting a qualitative research method and conducting in-depth interviews with ten students from this geographic area to understand their Perceptions and challenges towards the entrepreneurial field. This study is significant because it enriches the theoretical guidance framework. Moreover, it helps future researchers utilize valuable data for their research in the field with many samples. The insights obtained from this paper might inform policymakers and universities about the necessary framework to support international students, especially African students from Portuguese-speaking countries, in a way that can encourage them to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities. In-depth interviewing is the primary method for data collection. The thematic content analysis (TCA) An approach is utilized to analyze the data from interview transcripts. Existing research illustrated students from this geographic area's entrepreneurial perception and challenges, as well as their aspirations and intentions as planned after their study. From the point of view of the researcher's interview with his sources, the researcher discovered that there is no opportunity for them to pursue an entrepreneurial career in Macau, which means that, after their study, they will return to their motherland. III In conclusion, based on the findings, understanding the entrepreneurial perception and challenges Students from this geographic area can help to provide support from the local Government and Universities, based on their field of study in a way they can have the opportunity to explore practical experience in a working environment for their personal and professional development.

THE IMPACT OF ONLINE REVIEWS QUALITY ON TOURISM INTENTION IN THE CONTEXT OF RED BOOK: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DESTINATION IMAGE IN MACAO - Liu, Cui Feng (2025)
This study focuses on the influence of online review quality on tourism intention, with destination image as a mediating variable, in the context of the rapid rise of internet content platforms like Red Book and Douyin. The platforms like Red Book and Douyin play an important role in shaping travel behavior, as potential travelers frequently rely on user-generated content (UGC) to find information about travel destinations, plan their trips, and form perceptions of destinations. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and the application of structural equation modeling (SEM), the study reveals that the cognitive and affective image of destination are significantly influenced by the quality of online reviews, which in turn impacts overall destination image and tourism intention. The findings demonstrate that higher-quality online reviews — those that are timely, sufficient，helpful, and credible — not only enhance the cognitive understanding of destinations but also evoke stronger emotional connections, ultimately fostering a higher likelihood of travel intention. Moreover, the study highlights the mediating role of destination image during the process where online review quality influences tourism intention. These results offer critical insights for destination marketing organizations (DMOs) in conducting tourism marketing to attract tourists by strategically enhancing the quality and authenticity of online reviews. The study also identifies limitations in sample selection and mediating variables, providing directions for future research in the fields of online content, destination image, and tourism behavior.

DESIGNING INNOVATIVE APPLICATION INTERFACES FOR CHINESE CULTURAL PRODUCTS: STRATEGIES TO ATTRACT USERS, STREAMLINE ORDERING, AND PROMOTE EXPORTS THROUGH INTERFACE INNOVATION - Yang, Ruo Ting (2025)
Against the backdrop of globalization and thriving cultural trade, the export of Chinese cultural products faces a dual challenge of expanding international markets and enhancing competitiveness. This Dissertation focuses on designing an innovative digital platform interface aimed at effectively integrating cultural connotations with modern technology, meeting the needs of international users, and promoting the dissemination and trading of cultural products. By analyzing the Strategies to Attract Users, Streamline Ordering, and Promote Exports through Interface Innovation, cross-cultural interface design strategies are proposed. The core functions of the platform include cultural product display, online transactions, user interaction, and multilingual support, and the information architecture has been optimized to adapt to different cultural backgrounds. Visual design incorporates traditional Chinese colors and cultural symbols, while also considering the visual adaptability of global users. The study used prototype tools to build interfaces and optimized them through usability testing. The achievements not only provide practical interface design solutions for the export of cultural products, which are expected to improve the display effect and sales conversion rate in the international market, but also provide theoretical references for the development of digital cultural platforms, and help promote the dissemination and exchange of Chinese culture on a global scale.

EXAMINING MENTAL HEALTH, RESILIENCE, AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG VIETNAMESE MIGRANT WORKERS IN MACAU - Tran, Thi Ha (2025)
Vietnamese migrant workers in Macao encounter numerous difficulties that significantly impact both their mental well-being and overall health. Daily life can be challenging due to language barriers, cultural differences, workplace stress, and financial hardships. Through an exploratory quantitative approach, this study examines these challenges in greater detail, collecting data from 268 participants, the majority of whom—93.7%—are women. Psychological assessment tools were employed to evaluate resilience, coping strategies, coping mechanisms, and levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The findings indicate that despite working full-time, many participants receive low wages, live in inadequate conditions, and have limited access to healthcare services. A significant portion of Vietnamese migrant workers send money home to support their families, creating substantial financial pressure. Long working hours, difficulties in communication, and job-related insecurities contribute to mental distress. However, rather than seeking professional counselling, most individuals rely on informal social networks for emotional support. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the pressing need for more robust support systems, enhanced mental health resources, and improved workplace policies to aid in the social integration and well-being maintenance of these workers. Furthermore, it encourages future research to incorporate a greater number of male participants and qualitative data in order to gain a more thorough understanding of their experiences.

FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SUPERMARKETS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SUPERMARKET INDUSTRY IN MACAO - Zheng, Mei Hua (2025)
This paper focuses on the Macao supermarket industry as a research subject, employing a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with human resource managers and operational store managers to identify the factors influencing employee retention. The primary data collection method utilized is in-depth interviewing, complemented by thematic content analysis (TCA) to interpret the insights gathered from the interview transcripts. While existing literature has identified eight key factors affecting employee retention in the supermarket sector, this study uncovers three additional factors that significantly impact retention within the context of Macao's unique market environment. Supermarkets are vital to Macao’s economic development, with 26 distinct brands operating in 175 stores. However, these establishments face profitability challenges attributed to rising voluntary employee turnover. Grounded in Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation, this qualitative multiple-case study aims to explore the strategies employed by supermarket managers to mitigate voluntary employee turnover and enhance workforce stability. The findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of retention dynamics in the supermarket industry and provide actionable insights for improving employee engagement and satisfaction.

CUSTOM PROCEDURES ON TRADE IN MACAO CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES - Cheang, Hon Meng (2025)
This dissertation examines the customs procedures governing trade in Macao, a Special Administrative Region of China, focusing on their role in facilitating trade within the Greater Bay Area. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study conducts in-depth interviews with stakeholders, including local businesses, customs officials, and trade experts, to identify factors affecting the efficiency and transparency of customs processes, such as clearance, licensing, and declarations. The research is significant as it enriches the theoretical framework of trade facilitation in Macao, where literature is scarce, and provides practical insights for customs authorities and traders. Findings reveal bureaucratic complexities, technological gaps, and documentation burdens, particularly impacting small and medium enterprises. Three additional factors influencing trade efficiency—regional integration, stakeholder coordination, and policy alignment—are identified. The study recommends streamlined licensing, enhanced digital systems, and SME-focused training to foster sustainable trade development. These insights offer actionable guidance for policymakers and practitioners to strengthen Macao’s position as a regional trade hub.

CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN MACAU: ASSOCIATION WITH ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND MENTAL HEALTH - Hou, Weng Ka (2025)
This study amid rising academic pressures and youth mental health concerns, this study investigates how extracurricular activities (PECA) shape academic and psychological outcomes in Macau—a high-stakes educational context. Focusing on 6–18-year-olds, it examines two dimensions: activity type (sports, academic, cultural and artistic) and number of activities, addressing gaps in age-specific and cross- informant analyses within East Asian settings. Using the Achenbach System (ASEBA) in Macau, data from parents and adolescents were analyzed via ANOVA and independent t-tests. ANOVA revealed optimal academic performance (F[3, 456] = 12.34, p < 0.001) and fewer behavioral issues in students with 3 PECA. T-tests showed sports reduced adolescent self- reported depression (t[210] = -3.21, p = 0.002), while academic activities boosted parent-reported grades (t[198] = 4.57, p < 0.001). Cultural activities had limited mental health impacts but enhanced language/math skills. This study underscores the importance of extracurricular activities (PECA) in Macau’s unique cultural and academic context, by validating the ""optimal balance"" hypothesis, it suggests that participating in three well-chosen activities—spanning sports, arts, and academics—yields the best outcomes. The findings emphasize the need for culturally sensitive and developmentally appropriate PECA programs tailored to Macau’s students. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing PECA types and quantities, fostering academic success, emotional resilience, and personal growth, while supporting the holistic development of well-rounded young citizens.

CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS OF ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT: INVESTIGATING THE DRIVERS OF ACCEPTANCE AND ADOPTION - Ke, Wanchun (2025)
This study investigates and analyzes the behavioral intentions of consumers in Guangdong region towards All-Electric Aircraft (AEA) within the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and SmartPLS to analyze the collected data. According to the existing literature, TPB and SEM have not been used to evaluate the electric aviation market in Guangdong region. The purpose of this study is exploratory, adopting a quantitative research method. Structured questionnaires are distributed to approximately 100 consumers in Guangdong to explore their overall cognition of electric aircraft, the factors influencing such cognition, and their willingness to use electric aircraft. The study finds that consumers’ attitude, subjective norm, and environmental concern have a positive impact on their adoption of the new AEA technology, while perceived behavioral control and perceived risk are found to have no effect on consumers. The results of this study provide valuable insights for airlines, aircraft manufacturers, and policymakers. By understanding consumers’ concerns and preferences, airlines can formulate more effective marketing strategies to promote electric aircraft. Aircraft manufacturers can utilize these findings to improve the design and performance of electric aircraft and address consumers’ concerns. Policymakers can formulate relevant policies to support the development and adoption of electric aircraft and promote the sustainable development of the aviation industry.

EXPLORING CURRENT SITUATION AND CHALLENGES OF THE ANNUAL TRAINING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MACAO - Lei, Lai Si (2025)
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the discrepancy between the current situation of primary school teachers' participation in ‘professional development activities’ and the professional development objectives in the law in the light of the implementation of the current Private Framework law and the operation of the Cultura n.º 88/2018, and to examine the effectiveness of the Cultura n.º 88/2018. In order to achieve this research objective, this study adopted qualitative interviews with two school managers, six primary school general teachers, and one legislator, and then summarised the findings using thematic analysis. It was found that the respondents generally believed that the number of professional training courses offered by DESJ had increased after the Secretary's Directive was issued, which was helpful to school-based training and to teachers in catching up with the number of hours of training, and that the practicality of the training courses had increased to a certain extent based on the different positions of the workplace. On the other hand, due to the different job positions, there were different views and opinions on the practicality and coverage of the training programmes. It was also found that the general concern of the respondents on ‘Quadro geral do pessoal docente das escolas particulares do ensino não superior’ and ‘Despacho do Secretário para os Assuntos Sociais e Cultura n.º 88/2018’ was more inclined to the situation of the hourly allowances and activity enrolment in the professional development provisions, and they were not concerned about the relevant laws and regulations that support the purpose of professional development. Meanwhile, the study found that the majority of primary school teachers are still at the stage of solving teaching challenges in their ‘professional development process’. The study found that the top-down management decision-making model is not only the key to hindering the ‘professional development process’, but also the cyclical factor that makes it difficult to improve the current situation and the difficulties of teachers in teaching, so this paper tries to summarise the findings and make suggestions on the way forward from different perspectives and ways. Therefore, this paper also tries to summarise and suggest a pathway from different perspectives and approaches. This paper consists of six chapters, which are divided into four parts, namely, Background, Literature, Interviews and Analysis, and Conclusion and Recommendations. It will be researched and investigated at both macro and micro levels, and finally, through the combination of macro and micro perspectives, it will be summarized to give feasible and operational recommendations. In the first part of the development of education in Macau from a more macroscopic viewpoint in the Introduction, Background of the Study, and the law of Macau education introduction. 1. Historical background (Brief historical background of the development of education in Macao)Political perspectives (comparison of the differences between the professions political environments) 2. Industry Views and Reactions (Newspaper) 3. Reality situation (‘Quadro geral do pessoal docente das escolas particulares do ensino não superior’ and ‘Despacho do Secretário para os Assuntos Sociais e Cultura n.º 88/2018’) 4. Legal perspectives (restrictions and impacts on education under the current legal system) The second part explores the definition of professional development in education with different literatures, including the comparison of the differences of the profession in different political environments, as well as the Macao situation in comparison with it, the definition and the development path. It analyses the legislative background of the ‘Quadro geral do pessoal docente das escolas particulares do ensino não superior’ and ‘Despacho do Secretário para os Assuntos Sociais e Cultura n.º 88/2018’, and the comparative analysis of the meaning of the ‘Order of the Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture No. 88/2018’. The third part of the interviews and analyses examines the current situation of the annual professional development training for primary school teachers in Macao after the implementation of ‘Quadro geral do pessoal docente das escolas particulares do ensino não superior’. ‘Despacho do Secretário para os Assuntos Sociais e Cultura n.º 88/2018’ after the introduction of the current situation and challenges to the professional development of frontline stakeholders, and even to the actual teaching or management operations. A qualitative research methodology was adopted and subdivided into three sections: 1. In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of eight stakeholders at different levels, including six serving senior elementary school teachers and two school managers. Also a current member of the Legislative Assembly. 2. Collected and excerpted a total of nine elementary school teacher dissertation studies from St. John's University. 3. Summarize and analyze the interviews and excerpts, presenting in an objective and microcosmic manner and actual situations faced by teachers under the Macao's political system relevant laws and regulations, and to respond to and substantiate the points made in Part I of the literature review. The fourth part, Conclusions and Recommendations, finally combines the literature review, interviews and analysis, and integrates both macro and micro perspectives, as well as borrowing and citing existing legal and philosophical perspectives, to compile legal, feasible and practical suggestions on pathways that may be able to break through the challenges, improve the situation of teachers, and help to promote the professional development of teachers. "本研究旨在探究不同背景的小學教師囿於現行《私框》法律的實施，以及《88/2018司長批示》運作下參與「專業發展活動」的現況與法律中的專業發展目標之差異情形，以及檢視《88/2018司長批示》成效。為達此研究目的，本研究採用質性訪談2位學校管理層、6位小學普通教師、1位立法者，再以主題分析法歸納研究結果，發現受訪者中普遍認為司長批示出台之後，教青局的專業培訓課程數量有所增加，這對於校本培訓以及教師追趕培訓時數上有一定幫助，另一方面，基於工作崗位不同的關係，對培訓課程的實用性、涵蓋範圍等各有不同見解和意見，並發現受訪者中普遍對《私框》和批示的關注點，較為傾向於對專業發展條文中的時數津貼與活動報名的情況，且對於輔助專業發展目的的相關法律法規並不關心。同時透過研究發現，現時大部分小學普通教師在「專業發展進程」中仍停留在解決教學挑戰階段，研究發現由上而下的管理決定模式，既是當前教師認為妨礙「專業發展進程」的重要關鍵，也是難以改善現況，造成教師教學困難的循環因素，故本文亦嘗試以不同之角度和方式給予總結和路徑建議。 本文共六章，主要分為四個部分，分別為背景探討、文獻探討、訪談及分析以及總結和建議。並將會分別透過宏觀和微觀兩個層面去作研究和探討，並最終以宏觀與微觀兩個角度結合，透過總結歸納，給出可行和具操作性的路徑建議。 本文首先會採取以下四種角度，分別在緒論、研究背景、前題導讀中，以較為宏觀視角去剖析本澳教育發展的輪廓： 1. 大致歷史脈落（本澳教育發展歷史背景簡述） 2. 業界意見及反應（新聞報章） 3. 現實狀況 （《基力》、《課框》的影響） 4. 法律觀點（現行法律制度下對教育的限制和影響） 而第二部分則以不同文獻探討教育專業發展之定義，包括不同政治環境下專業的差異對比，以及與之對比澳門狀況，定義和發展路徑。分析《非高等教育私立學校教學人員制度框架》簡稱《私框》的立法背景、《第88/ 2018號社會文化司司長批示》簡稱《88/ 2018司長批示》的內涵對比分析。 第三部分訪談及分析，研究澳門小學教師年度專業發展培訓在《非高等教育私立學校教學人員制度框架》簡稱《私框》實施後的現況，《第88/ 2018號社會文化司司長批示》簡稱《88/ 2018司長批示》出台後對前線持份者的專業發展、乃至實際教學或管理操作的現況和挑戰。則採用質性研究法，並細分為三個環節： 1. 分別對六名現職資深小學教師、兩名學校管理層等共八名不同位階的持份者，以及現任立法會議員作深度訪談。 2. 收集及節錄共九份聖若大學小學教師論文研究。 3. 對訪談及節錄作總結和分析，以客觀和微觀方式呈現教師在澳門的政治體制和相關法律法規下所面臨的實際狀況，對應和證實第一部分文獻探討中所得出的觀點。 第四部分總結和建議，最終結合文獻探討、訪談及分析，結合宏觀與微觀兩個角度，並借用和引用現行法律、哲學等角度，整理出有可能可以突破挑戰、改善教師處境、有助推動教師專業發展的合法、可行和具操作性的路徑建議。"

FINANCIAL VALUATION OF AMAZON - Deng, Xu Feng (2025)
Amazon is a global leader in e-commerce and cloud computing that has continually proven that it can diversify its business model well beyond being just one of the world's largest online retailers. Study its financial results, strategic initiatives by SWOT Analysis, and access its market positioning in industry by using PESTEL Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. In order to ascertain the intrinsic value and assess the future prospects of Amazon, the study then utilizes several financial models, Enterprise Discounted Cash Flow (EDCF), Adjusted Present Value (APV) and Discounted Economic Profit (DEP). The study presents Amazon is potentially overvalued (December 31, 2024).

AN EXPLORATION OF PARENTS' PERSPECTIVES AND REASONS FOR PROVIDING ELECTRONIC DEVICES FOR YOUNG CHILDREN IN MACAO - Chio, Chong Leng (2025)
This qualitative study explores parental perspectives and decision-making processes regarding young children's engagement with electronic devices in Macao. Data was collected through semi- structured, in-depth interviews with 15 parents of young children. The researcher analysed the interview contents and synthesized the findings with relevant literature and theoretical support, resulting in the following key insights: 1. Parental attitudes towards children's use of electronic devices were found to be distinctly polarised. Parents with a more open attitude viewed electronic devices as an inevitable part of modern life, suggesting that excessive restrictions might hinder children's development. In contrast, parents with a more conservative perspective emphasised the developmental risks of early exposure. Three primary factors influenced parental attitudes; the parents’ level of professional knowledge in education, their own usage habits, and their sense of parental self-efficacy. Additionally, parental behaviours had a modelling effect on children's usage patterns, directly correlating with the stringency of their management strategies. 2. Regarding child development, parents generally recognised the educational value of electronic devices, particularly the ability of multimedia interactivity to enhance learning engagement and facilitate knowledge acquisition. However, they also expressed concerns about the potential risks in three developmental domains: physiological development (e.g., visual eye strain, sedentary behaviour), psychological development (e.g., addiction, reduced social interaction), and cognitive development (e.g., diminished attention span, fewer opportunities for practical learning). Parents with professional knowledge of child development tended to adopt more comprehensive assessment perspectives and balanced usage strategies. 3. The study identified three primary contexts in which parents provided electronic devices to their children: first, as a response to parenting stress, where parents used devices to gain brief respite or manage household tasks; second, as behavioural management tools, using devices for reward and punishment mechanisms, such as encouraging good behaviour, boosting learning motivation, or soothing children in specific situations (e.g., during illness or mealtime); and third, as influenced by external environmental factors, including caregiving differences (e.g., grandparents, domestic helpers), the technological emphasis in educational settings, and peer influence on children's social interactions. III 4. In terms of management strategies, parents predominantly employed three approaches: restrictive mediation, focusing on controlling screen time and filtering content; technical mediation, involving the use of device security settings and application restrictions; and alternative activity planning, such as encouraging children to engage in constructive play and artistic activities. However, the study revealed that parents less frequently utilised active educational mediation (e.g., discussing content, sharing experiences) and co-viewing strategies (e.g., joint parent-child usage, interactive learning). Based on these findings, the researcher provides recommendations for parents, schools, educators, and government agencies to establish a more comprehensive and supportive framework for young children's use of electronic devices and related services. 本研究採用質性研究方法，探討澳門家長對幼兒使用電子產品的觀點及決策因由，透過半 結構式深度訪談，收集 15 位育有幼兒之家長的經驗與看法。研究者根據訪談內容進行分析 討論，並輔以相關文獻和理論支持，歸納出以下研究結果: (一) 家長對幼兒使用電子產品的態度呈現明顯的兩極分化:持開放態度的家長視其為時代 趨勢，認為過度限制可能阻礙幼兒發展;持保守態度的家長則強調提早接觸電子產品可能帶 來發展風險。研究發現，家長的態度主要受三個因素影響:教育專業知識水平、個人使用習 慣，以及親職效能感。此外，家長的行為會通過示範效應影響幼兒的使用模式，並直接關係 到其管理策略的嚴格程度。 (二) 在幼兒發展方面，家長普遍認同電子產品的教育價值，尤其是其多媒體互動特性能提 升學習投入度及知識獲取。然而，家長同時關注其潛在風險，這些風險主要集中在三個層 面:生理發展(如視力損害、久坐問題)、心理發展(如沉迷、社交互動)、認知發展(如 專注力、實踐機會)。研究發現，具備幼兒發展專業知識的家長更傾向採取全面的評估視角 和均衡的使用策略。 (三) 家長提供電子產品予幼兒的三個主要情境包括:首先是因應育兒壓力，家長表示會透 過電子產品獲得短暫休息及處理家務的時間。其次是行為管理工具，家長運用電子產品進行 獎懲，包括鼓勵良好行為、提升學習動機，以及在特定情境下(如幼兒不適或進食)作為安 撫工具。第三是受外在環境因素的影響，主要來自三方面:替代照顧者(如祖父母、家傭) 的管教差異、教育環境的科技化趨勢，以及同儕使用經驗對幼兒社交需求的影響。 (四) 在管理策略方面，家長主要採取三種調解方式:限制性調解，著重於使用時間管控與 內容篩選;技術性調解，運用設備安全管理功能與應用程式限制;替代活動規劃，包括引導 幼兒參與建構性遊戲與藝術創作等。研究發現，家長較少採用具教育意義的指導性調解(如 內容討論、經驗分享)和社交共賞(如親子共同使用、互動學習)策略。 基於上述研究發現，研究者分別對家長，學校及教師、以及政府部門提出建議，期望建立 更適切且全面的幼兒電子產品使用框架及相關支援服務。

LOVE, OBSESSION AND DESTRUCTION: THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONNOTATION OF LILIAN LEE’S NOVEL ROUGE - Chan, Siu Mo (2025)
This dissertation focuses on the novel Rouge by the Hong Kong-based writer Lilian Lee, which is a fantasy novel that proclaims feminism by deploying a love tragedy, describing the social context and atmosphere of Hong Kong in the 1930s and 1980s, and the living and afterlife experiences of the courtesan Fleur. Rouge was first published in 1984 and subsequently adapted into a film in 1988, which won several awards at film festivals. The novel Rouge can be regarded as Lilian Lee’s most representative work and a significant cultural symbol of Hong Kong in the 1990s. Love is a universal human experience that has a significant impact on our lives, relationships, and our understanding of ourselves and the world around us. Consequently, philosophers have long sought to gain insight into its nature, origins and role in human existence, which makes the exploration of love a core focus of philosophical inquiry. This research will examine how the novel Rouge explores the interplay between authentic love and ego love, and will also investigate the causes that led to Fleur’s tragedy.

A Phenomenological Study of Social Participation of Men in Female Social Service Organisation - Ho, I. Lam (2025)
Today, gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls have become one of the sustainable development goals jointly regarded by the international community. As society's understanding of gender gradually becomes more diverse and open, more and more people are beginning to pay attention to men's needs. Although society generally recognizes gender equality and pays attention to the development of women, relatively little attention is paid to the development and needs of men. Men also have needs and expectations, and are influenced by society's traditional expectations in their willingness to participate in associations. This study outlines the phenomenon that men’s participation in community services is generally lower than that of women, and cites data from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau and other places to support this view. Although gender equality is a global concern, there are relatively few protection policies and services specifically for men in Macau and surrounding areas. In the context of pursuing gender equality, men's rights and needs should not be ignored. Therefore, this study aims to explore men's motivations for participating in women's group social services. It uses qualitative research and a phenomenological approach to 15 invited respondents. Interview samples were collected through in-depth interviews. Different findings were obtained from the research results through the use of description and inductive analysis through the life stories of the interviewees. The research concluded that service can not only meet their personal needs and experience the achievement of development tasks, but also found the key experience factors, that is, the four major motivations for men to participate in clubs, including personal service spirit, personal life needs, maintenance Social relationships and personal interests and preferences and six elements of continuous participation, including contrast in values, tangible experience, feeling changed, having challenges and growth, improving horizons and knowledge, and feeling a sense of belonging. The study also obtained four suggestions from the interviewees for social services and their expected experiences. This study also inspired social workers to formulate comprehensive and targeted men's policies, not only to respond to the diverse needs of the men's group, but also to It is the key to promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of society. 現今性別平等與增強婦女和女童的權能，已成為國際社會共同視為持續發展目標之一。隨著社會對兩性的認知逐漸變得多元及開放，越來越多人士開始關注男士的需要。儘管社會普遍認同性別平等並關注婦女發展情況，但對男士的發展和需求關注相對不足。男士同樣有需求和期望，並且受社會傳統的期望影響參與社團的意願。 本研究概述了社團服務中男性參與度普遍低於女性的現象，並引用了香港、臺灣及澳門等地的數據來支撐這一觀點。儘管性別平等是全球關注的議題，但在澳門及周邊地區，專門針對男性的保護政策和服務相對較少。在追求性別平等的背景下，男士的權益和需求不應被忽視，因此本研究旨在探討男士參與婦女團體社會服務的動機，採用質性研究，以現象學方式，向受邀的 15 位受訪樣本，透過深度訪談蒐集資料。藉著受訪者闡述生活故事，運用描述及歸納分析，從研究結果中得到不同的發現。研究結論得出，服務既滿足到他們的個人需要，以及體 驗到發展任務的達成，另外找到了關鍵體驗的因素，即男士參與社團的四個動機，包括個人服務精神、個人生活需要、維繫社會關係、個人興趣與喜好以及六個持續參與元素，包括 價值觀的反差、切實之體驗、感受到改變、.有挑戰和成長、提升視野知識以及感覺歸屬感。 研究也得到了受訪者對社會服務的四個建議，以及他們期望的體驗，這樣研究同時啟發了社會工作者如何制定全面且有針對性的男士政策，不僅是回應男士群體多元化需求，更是推動社會全面、協調、可持續發展的關鍵所在。

ANALYSES OF THE PERCEPTION OF THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION LAW ON SMES OPERATING IN MACAO - Kuan, Su Cheng (2025)
Macao is a small city, and most businesses operating in Macao are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). With personal data protection gaining increasing global attention, what impact does personal data protection law have on the operations of SMEs in Macao? What is the perception of the impact of the Personal Data Protection Law on the operation of Macao's SMEs? This thesis aims to make a corresponding analysis. The article examines Macao's current business environment and enterprise models, integrates data collected from SME surveys, and considers Macao's economic development trajectory before and after its return to China. It analyzes Macao's connections with Portuguese-speaking countries, the European Union, and the cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which the Chinese government is actively developing. By studying the characteristics of personal data protection legal systems in various countries and regions and their influence on Macao, the paper provides recommendations for enhancing SMEs' awareness of personal data protection and leveraging personal data protection laws to improve business operations in Macao. 澳門是一個細小的城市，在澳門做生意的企業大多是中小企業，個人資料保護在全球日益受到重視，究竟個人資料保護法對澳門中小企營運又帶來甚麼影響 ? 澳門中小企營運過程中，對個人資料保護法影響認知有多少? 本篇論文將會作出相應分析，文章透過分析澳門現時具體營商環境及企業模式，結合透過中小企問卷調查搜集獲得之資料，以及澳門在回歸後，前後經濟發展歷程中與葡語系國家、歐盟、以及與現時中國政府大力發展之大灣區城市之聯系，分析各國家及地區的個人資料保護法律制度之特色以及對澳門之影響，最後就澳門中小企未來就加強中小企個人資料保護意識以及善用個人資料保護法律營商作出建議。

Managing the Performance of the Facility Management for Improvement of the Hotel Operations - Kuong, Chi Chun (2025)
Management of people” and “enhancement of the system” are the focused aspects for improvement of the business operations in this thesis. A case study was carried out in the Facility Management department of a five-star hotel. A list of questionnaire was delivered to about 50% employees of the FM department for the purpose of identifying the awareness of the Organizational Culture. The result indicate that the “Work Process” and “Organization Climate” are the higher score elements than the “Leadership Style” and “Organization Value”. The results tell the management that people are reluctant to change the present work process and the leadership is not effective in the organization. The above issues represent the employees’ behavior and attitude which can affect the employees’ performance as well as the company’s operational efficiency. Suitable management techniques are applied to analyze the employees’ needs and group the people into passive and active attitude, then the appropriate motivation schemes are proposed aiming to improve the overall performance of different groups of employees. The latest technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G mobile communications are proposed for enhancement of the current FM systems aiming for the improvement on fast response, operational cost saving , carbon neutralization and comfort to customers. The proposed system enhancement also considers the minimal investment, so the system enhancement is mainly executed by software upgrade on the core system and replacement of the Smart Sensing devices. The hardware of core equipment can be re-used. AI technology is the future trend of operational improvement, it will be considered as the next step when AI become mature and standardized.

Financial Valuation of Caterpillar Inc. - Zeng, Fanxin (2025)
Caterpillar, one of the world's most recognised industrial brands, is a leading global manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, as well as diesel and natural gas engines and industrial gas turbines. Currently, Caterpillar operates in North America, Asia Pacific, EAME region and Latin America, with operations in North America accounting for approximately 47% of the company's net revenue in 2022. Caterpillar has been able to win customers' trust and achieve stable business growth through reliable products, advanced technology, user-friendly services and differentiated service solutions. Post-coronavirus, it can be seen that the industry in which Caterpillar operates is vulnerable to changes in the economic and social environment. In addition, the industry is becoming increasingly competitive, especially with the rise of emerging players, such as construction equipment manufacturers in China, who are entering the markets of developing countries with cost-effective products. In addition to that, such as the traditional machinery manufacturing companies in Europe and Japan, their products are not only highly intelligent, but also motorised equipment technology is quite reliable. It is a tough challenge to maintain a competitive edge. Understanding the impact of these changes on the industry and the company helps in assessing the intrinsic value of Caterpillar and its future positioning. Comparing the intrinsic value derived from the three valuation models to the company's market share price as of 31 December 2022 will provide valuable information to investors.

THE NATURE OF HOLISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN HERMETIC PHILOSOPHY - Wong, Enia (2025)
This thesis explores the nature of holistic consciousness in Hermetic philosophy, drawing on the classical text of The Emerald Tablet and The Corpus Hermeticum attributed to Hermes Trismegistus. Central to this ancient philosophy from Hellenistic Alexandria is the “as above, so below” principle, highlighting the interconnectedness of all things. Hermetic philosophy views harmony as the balance and interconnection of all elements in the universe. Sound, tied to the divine word, is vital for this harmony and understanding of creation and divine wisdom. This thesis focuses on the relationship between human, cosmic, and divine consciousness. Through divinization, humans can align with cosmic consciousness, realizing their divine nature by transcending physical limitations. Furthermore, we will review Hermetic philosophy in light of contemporary challenges, such as materialism which has caused environmental, social and mental health crises. Hermetic philosophy’s holistic approach and emphasis on interconnectedness can counteract social atomization caused by digital technology. Hermetic philosophy having a scientific-rational basis, can be aligned with contemporary ideas like the holographic universe theory. Self-reflection, meditation, nature engagement, and inner dialogue are all proven methods for cultivating holistic consciousness, as advocated in Hermetic philosophy. We can better understand the universe by integrating Hermetic wisdom with science. 這篇論文探討赫爾墨斯哲學中整體意識的性質，參考了赫爾墨斯·特里斯梅吉斯圖斯所屬的古典文本《翡翠石板》和《赫爾墨斯文集》。這一源自希臘化亞歷山大的古老哲學的核心原則是「上如是下」，強調所有事物之間的相互連結。 赫爾墨斯哲學視和諧為宇宙中所有元素的平衡與相互關聯。聲音與神聖之語相連，對於這種和諧及對創造與神聖智慧的理解至關重要。這篇論文專注於人類、宇宙與神聖意識之間的關係。透過神化，人類能夠與宇宙意識對齊，超越身體的限制，實現其神聖本質。 此外，我們將審視赫爾墨斯哲學在當代挑戰下的意義，例如物質主義所導致的環境、社會和心理健康危機。赫爾墨斯哲學的整體方法和對相互連結的強調，可以對抗數位科技所造成的社會原子化現象。 赫爾墨斯哲學具科學理性基礎，能與當代觀念如全息宇宙理論相結合。自我反思、冥想、與自然的互動及內心對話，都是培養整體意識的有效方法，正如赫爾墨斯哲學所提倡的。我們可以通過將赫爾墨斯智慧與科學相結合，更深入地理解宇宙。

Chinese Traditional Festival Culture and Customs of Game Design - Xie, Wan Ting (2025)
This board game is designed around China's major traditional festivals (such as the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc.) and their customs, with the aim of allowing players to experience and learn about China's rich cultural traditions through gameplay. The goal of the game is to earn points by completing festival tasks, answering questions about customs, and collecting festival items, with the highest scorer ultimately winning. The gameplay design includes elements like festival task cards, customs quizzes, and festival item collection to enhance interactivity and fun. Players will assume different roles in the game, using cards, maps, and festival-themed objects to gain a deeper understanding of the history and customs of each festival. Educational Value: This board game is not only entertaining but also helps players learn about traditional Chinese culture in a relaxed setting, enhancing cultural identity. It is suitable for family gatherings, friends' meetups, and educational settings, particularly for players interested in Chinese culture.

PERCEPTIONS OF CO-TEACHING AMONG PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: A CASE STUDY OF AN INCLUSIVE SCHOOL IN MACAU - Marinho, Gomes Vasconcelos Pinto Ana Teresa (2025)
The study aimed to analyze teachers' perceptions of co-teaching within an inclusive educational environment, focusing on the challenges they face, the tools and resources available, and how these factors contribute to promoting inclusion. Conducted with 16 primary and secondary school teachers from an inclusive school in Macau, the research utilized in-depth semi- structured interviews to gather qualitative data on their experiences and perceptions. Overall, the findings highlight co-teaching as a powerful strategy in educational settings, particularly for enhancing students’ learning outcomes. Teachers reported positive views on co-teaching, recognizing its potential to promote collaboration and support diverse learners effectively. Nevertheless, cultural factors significantly influenced teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion. The study revealed that teachers varied cultural and professional backgrounds lead to different perspectives on inclusive practices. This complexity highlights the need for culturally responsive approaches in teacher training and professional development. Despite the positive perceptions of co-teaching, teachers encountered several challenges, namely inconsistent school practices, lack of institutional support from school administration and leadership and inadequate training opportunities. This study suggests that addressing these challenges is crucial for the successful implementation of co-teaching approaches, namely policy adjustments by stakeholders to support co-teaching initiatives, effective allocation of resources for teachers, professional development for school leaders to enhance their ability to foster a collaborative environment, and ongoing training focused on co-teaching methodologies for teachers.

Criminal Jurisdiction of Cross-Border Cybercrimes between Macao and China - Ieong, Weng Mui (2025)
With the rapid development of Internet technology and the acceleration of globalization, cross-border cybercrime has become a global challenge, and its complexity and severity are increasingly prominent. Cyberspace is unbounded, anonymous and real-time, which provides unprecedented convenience for criminals, enabling them to easily cross-national borders and commit a series of criminal acts that seriously endanger national security, social stability and citizens' rights and interests, including online fraud, online gambling, online money laundering and infringement of intellectual property rights. These crimes not only destroy the order of cyberspace, but also pose new challenges to the legal system and jurisdiction of the real world. As two closely linked economies, Macao and China enjoy the convenience brought by the Internet, but they are also deeply troubled by cross-border cybercrimes. Although the two places belong to the same sovereign country, there are significant differences in legal systems, judicial systems and law enforcement practice, which may lead to conflicts and differences in the jurisdiction, investigation, prosecution and trial of cases. These legal conflicts not only affect the fairness of cases, but also hinder the effective cooperation between Macao and China in combating cross-border cybercrimes, posing a serious threat to maintain social stability and protecting citizens' rights and interests in the two places. Therefore, it is not only of great theoretical significance, but also of far-reaching practical significance to study the criminal jurisdiction over cross-border cybercrimes between Macao and China. From a theoretical point of view, the criminal jurisdiction of cross-border cybercrime involves many disciplines such as constitutional law, criminal law, criminal procedure law, and also the application of the Basic Law of Macao, which is a complex research topic. With the continuous innovation of Internet technology, the applicability of the traditional criminal jurisdiction principle in cross-border cybercrimes is seriously challenged. How to re-examine and define the criminal jurisdiction of cross-border cybercrimes in the new era and how to coordinate the jurisdiction conflicts between different jurisdictions have become urgent problems in current legal research. From a practical point of view, cross-border cybercrime has seriously endangered the social stability and economic development of Macao and China. Criminals use the Internet to engage in cross-border gambling, cross-border fraud, spread network viruses and other criminal activities, which not only bring huge economic losses and psychological trauma to the victims, but also seriously undermine the social atmosphere and market order. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the crackdown on cross-border cybercrimes and improve the criminal jurisdiction system of cross-border cybercrimes for maintaining the stability of the society and promoting healthy economic development in both places.

Study on User Acceptance of Resident Behavior for E-Government Services in Macao: Macao One Account Study - Kuok, Chi Hou (2025)
This dissertation investigates the key factors influencing citizens to adopt e-government services in Macao, focusing on the Macao One Account platform. Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework, the study examines factors such as Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions, with additional factors including Trust and Perceived Risk. This study is essential to provide a guideline for adopting e-government services effectively, helping policymakers and government entities optimize digital platforms for improved service delivery and user engagement. The research employed a quantitative methodology. The survey data was collected through an online survey in Google Forms distributed to Macao residents who use the Macao One Account platform. The responses of the 126 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods to identify trends and relationships between the key constructs. The findings reflect that performance expectations, effort expectations, trust, and facilitating conditions are the most influential drivers, with social influence playing a more moderate role. Perceived risk is low, indicating minimal concerns about security or privacy. Usability is an important driver, as most respondents find the platform easy to learn and use. Additionally, the users’ attitudes to the e-government platform could be affected by their trust in the government; reducing risk and increasing confidence can improve the platform's reliability to users. This study shows the need to improve the e-government platform by focusing on users. It includes making it easier to use, building trust with strong data protection, and making it accessible to all citizens. These results give ideas for adopting e-government in Macao and offer simple steps for policymakers to create more inclusive digital services.

EXPLORING THE DIFFICULTIES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY REGULAR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MACAO WHEN DEALING WITH INCLUSIVE STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM - Lam, Mei In (2025)
This study aims to explore the difficulties and challenges faced by regular primary school teachers in Macao when dealing with inclusive students in the classroom. As the concept of inclusive education deepens, the number of inclusive students in Macao has been increasing, but the growth of schools participating in inclusive education has been slow, posing more challenges for regular primary school teachers. This research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining classroom observations and in-depth interviews to comprehensively understand the issues teachers face. The study conducted structured observations of 15 lessons, covering 5 grade levels and 5 subjects, and carried out in-depth interviews with 7 teachers. The findings reveal: (1) Inclusive students generally experience difficulties in classroom participation, task completion, and independent learning; (2) Teachers generally lack sufficient professional knowledge and skills to effectively address the needs of inclusive students; (3) Schools lack resources and support, including adaptive curriculum arrangements and assessment methods for inclusive students; (4) There are contradictions between current educational policies and practical needs, such as the no-retention policy for grades 1-4, which may lead to missing the best intervention timing for inclusive students. Based on the research results, this paper proposes recommendations including strengthening teacher professional development, optimizing school resource allocation, improving educational policies, reinforcing early identification and intervention mechanisms, and promoting home-school cooperation. These findings and suggestions provide important references for policy-making and practical improvements in inclusive education in Macao. 本研究旨在探討澳門普通小學教師在課堂應對融合學生時所面臨的困難及挑戰。隨著融合教育理念的普及，澳門融合學生數量不斷增加，但參與融合教育的學校數量增長緩慢，使得普通小學教師面臨更多挑戰。本研究採用混合研究方法，結合課堂觀察和深度訪談，以全面了解教師面臨的問題。 研究對15節課進行了結構化觀察，涵蓋5個年級和5個學科，並對7位教師進行了深度訪談。研究發現：（一、）融合學生在課堂參與、任務完成和自主學習等方面普遍存在困難；（二、）教師普遍缺乏足夠的專業知識和技能來有效應對融合學生；（三、）學校資源和支援不足，缺乏針對融合學生的適應性課程安排和評核方式；（四、）現行教育政策與實際需求之間存在矛盾，如一至四年級不留級制度可能導致錯過融合學生最佳干預時機。 基於研究結果，本文提出了加強教師專業發展、優化學校資源配置、完善教育政策、強化早期識別和干預機制，以及促進家校合作等建議。這些發現和建議為澳門融合教育的政策制定和實踐改進提供了重要參考。

National Competitive Advantage and Ikea's Entry into the China Market - Riquito, Nikola Mullerova (2025)
Ikea’s entry into the China market and how its become successful in the foreign country

TEACHER’S PERCEPTIONS ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN RELATION TO THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SITUATION IN MACAU EDUCATION - Chow, Ian U. (2025)
This dissertation investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teachers' perceptions of digital technology in education, particularly in the context of Macau. As traditional classrooms transitioned to online and blended learning environments in March 2020, the necessity for teachers to adapt and utilize technology became paramount. This study explores how future educators' experiences with e-learning during this crisis have shaped their views on the benefits and challenges of various instructional methods, including online, face-to-face, and blended learning. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, data were collected from a sample of 30 primary teachers through structured surveys. Findings reveal a significant shift in attitudes towards digital tools, with many educators reporting increased confidence in their digital literacy and recognizing the importance of technology in modern education. The research further elucidates the factors influencing teachers' preparedness for digital instruction and the effectiveness of their internship experiences during the pandemic. The implications of this study underscore the critical role of teacher training programs in enhancing digital literacy and pedagogical skills, ensuring that future educators are well-equipped to navigate the complexities of contemporary educational environments. This dissertation contributes to the growing body of literature on technology integration in education and emphasizes the need for ongoing professional development to support teachers in leveraging digital tools effectively.

EXPLORING EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE HELPING RELATIONSHIPS IN MACAU - Choi Hoi, Ana (2025)
This study aims to become a conduit of a missing conversation wherein our front line help-givers can express their experiences. Through a series of semi-structured questions, and theoretical analyses, the themes regarding the Experience and Perception of Helping Relationships in Macau. Findings include difficulties and challenges that the helping profession in Macau encounters in different settings related to role ambiguity and public understanding of the profession. Stigma around a person considered to be a “problem” as well as stigma related to nomenclature of mental illnesses. Factors that enable and facilitate a helping relationship were identified. Trust, sincerity, listening and positive regard were mentioned. Due to Macau’s multi-cultural background, an enabling agent to facilitate a helping relationship was identified – language. As a qualitative enquiry medium for reflection and discovery, this study hopes to bring forward the unique experiences of eleven helping professionals with a spectrum of background to provide richness and newness to the current body of literature.

Exploring the Dual Edges of Macao's Economic Diversification A Study of the Strengths and Limitations of the Policy - Lei, Iat Cheong (2025)
This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the dual effects of Macao's economic diversification policy, with the intention of exploring its role in fostering economic sustainability. By thoroughly examining Macao's economy, which has traditionally been heavily reliant on the gaming and tourism industries, the study uncovers the implementation effects of the economic diversification policy, the challenges it encounters, and its potential influence on the economy's future trajectory. The research utilizes a mixed-methodology approach, integrating extensive quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews to ensure the comprehensiveness and systematic nature of the findings. The study's outcomes underscore the beneficial effects of Macao's economic diversification policy in stimulating the growth of new industries, bolstering economic resilience, and attracting foreign investment. However, the policy also faces challenges such as skill shortages, uneven resource distribution, and the impact on traditional economic pillar industries. The research indicates that despite certain progress, Macao's economic diversification process still needs to overcome various internal and external obstacles. In response to the research findings, this study proposes a series of targeted recommendations, including strengthening the connection between education and industry, optimizing resource allocation strategies, stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship, and promoting the collaborative development of traditional and emerging industries. These suggestions aim to assist the Macao government in effectively addressing current challenges and laying a solid foundation for the long-term development of Macao's economy.

Study of the Regulatory Framework of Aviation Reform in the Macau Special Administrative Region: Analyzing the Balance between Protection and Liberalization - Melo, Loi da Silva e; Man, I. (2025)
This dissertation studies the regulatory framework of aviation reform in the Macau Special Administrative Region, focus on the balance between protecting local businesses and promoting market liberalization. The study explores how Macau, as a highly autonomous local administrative region in China with a relatively small economy, can effectively reform its aviation industry while safeguarding local interests in the face of open market competition. The importance of this study lies in its analysis of Macau's aviation sector reforms. As Macau seeks to diversify its economy and strengthen its position as a member of the Greater Bay Area initiative, the aviation industry presents both opportunities and challenges. This research contributes to the broader discussion of how small jurisdictions with special political status can participate in regional economic integration while maintaining their distinct advantages and protecting local interests. The research uses Doctrinal Legal Research and Comparative Legal Research methodologies, utilizing documentary analysis and comparative study methods. This research examines the legal framework of the aviation industry in Macau and the challenges it is currently facing. A comprehensive review of international aviation laws, bilateral air service agreements, and domestic regulations provides the foundation for analyze. The study also conducts a comparative analyze with Hong Kong's aviation framework, offering alternative regulatory approaches for a similar Special Administrative Region of China. Several interesting findings emerged from this research. First, the study identified a fundamental tension between Macau's stated open skies policy and its practical implementation, particularly in limitations of its current concession-based system and the underutilization of international traffic rights. Second, the analysis highlights how the current concession-based system has created a monopolistic market structure that hinders competition and innovation, exacerbated by outdated legislation. Third, the comparative analysis with Hong Kong highlights the importance of a clear legal framework and rules in balancing market liberalization with local industry protection, areas where Macau's current regulations show deficiencies. The concluding thought based on these findings is that Macau's aviation industry reform requires a careful approach that gradually introduces competitive elements while maintaining protections for local enterprises. The study suggests that successful reform will depend on establishing a comprehensive legal framework, implementing a flexible multi-tiered licensing system, enhancing regulatory oversight, and developing mechanisms for regional integration. These reforms must be tailored to Macau's unique circumstances, considering its small market size, political status, and strategic position within the Greater Bay Area.

The Effectiveness of Dance Movement Therapy on Emotion Identification of Facial Expressions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An EEG study - Chui, Ngou Cheng (2025)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is receiving growing attention as the number of diagnoses continues to rise. However, there is a lack of resources focused on investigating interventions that could improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD. People with ASD often encounter difficulties in social interactions, and their challenges in recognizing emotions further hinder their ability to understand social cues and build relationships. This emotional recognition deficit is thought to be influenced by observed brain abnormalities in the frontal lobe for people with ASD. Given these significant factors, it is crucial to explore potential interventions. The present study utilized Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) as an intervention for individuals with ASD and assessed their emotional recognition abilities, complemented by EEG recordings to explore the efficacy of DMT. A total of 12 one-hour DMT sessions were conducted with the experimental group (n=6), while the control group (n=5) received no intervention. Participants were presented with the Revised Version of the Averaged Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (AKDEF), which included 36 images (excluding neutral images and full left and right profiles) at four intervals: pre-therapy (T1), after the 4th session (T2), after the 8th session (T3), and post-therapy (T4), while task for control group was present in two-week intervals. EEG band power for alpha and beta frequencies in the frontal lobe was recorded using the EMOTIV EPOC X at the AF4, F4, F3, and AF3 sites. Results indicated that the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in accuracy on emotional recognition tasks compared to the control group, although no significant differences were found between trials. In contrast, EEG signal analysis revealed significant differences between trials in both groups. A comparison of the correlation between emotional recognition tasks and EEG band power highlighted intriguing contrasts, suggesting potential insights into the learning effects. The experimental group exhibited peak performance at T2, followed by a decline at T3 and T4; while the control group showed a decrease at T2, an increase at T3, and another decrease at T4. It is proposed that the learning observed in the experimental group at T2, following four sessions of DMT, enhanced their ability to perform the emotional recognition tasks, resulting a subsequent decrease in alpha and beta power at T3 and T4, suggesting that less effort was needed during image perception and. In contrast, the control group struggled to learn, which may indicate that learning was not occurred for the controls. This relationship has not been explicitly explored in current research, and further investigations are recommended. Nonetheless, the findings indicate that DMT is effective to some extent in enhancing emotional recognition skills among individuals with ASD, suggesting its potential utility for social services to consider in their offerings. Future studies would benefit from incorporating a larger sample size or employing clinical EEG recording devices to further refine the results.

Study on the Implementation of Low-Carbon Policies in Macao - Wong, Mio San (2025)
As a special administrative region of China, Macau, despite its small size and limited resources, has been actively promoting low-carbon development to address the global climate change challenge. In recent years, Macao has provided important support for achieving the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality by formulating a series of policies, such as energy management, promotion of green buildings and optimization of waste treatment. However, despite the clarity of the policy framework, its actual implementation and effectiveness still need to be systematically reviewed. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, interviews and questionnaires to gain an in-depth understanding of the social acceptance and public participation of policies, and quantitative data to analyze the implementation effects of policies, with a view to revealing the advantages and disadvantages of low-carbon policies in Macao. The research results will systematically evaluate the effectiveness of low-carbon policies in Macao from multiple levels. On the one hand, quantitative data will provide a clear empirical basis for the progress of low-carbon policies; On the other hand, qualitative research will reveal key social and technological barriers to policy implementation, helping to understand the impact of public attitudes and behaviour on policy effectiveness. These results can not only provide reference for Macao's future low-carbon policy adjustment, but also provide experience for other similar cities to cope with similar challenges in low-carbon development. The importance of this study lies in its dual contribution to academia and practice. At the academic level, this study has enriched the theoretical research on low-carbon city development, especially the special challenges of carbon emission reduction in resource-limited cities. At the practical level, the results of this study can directly provide policy makers with specific suggestions for improving low-carbon policies, such as resource allocation, technology introduction and public awareness. Through these analyses, the study hopes to provide a practical roadmap for Macao to achieve its goal of carbon neutrality, as well as a valuable reference for the low-carbon development of similar cities around the world.

探討澳門普小教師在課堂應對融合學生時所面對的困難及挑戰 - Lam, Mei In (2025)
This study aims to explore the difficulties and challenges faced by regular primary school teachers in Macao when dealing with inclusive students in the classroom. As the concept of inclusive education deepens, the number of inclusive students in Macao has been increasing, but the growth of schools participating in inclusive education has been slow, posing more challenges for regular primary school teachers. This research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining classroom observations and in-depth interviews to comprehensively understand the issues teachers face. The study conducted structured observations of 15 lessons, covering 5 grade levels and 5 subjects, and carried out in-depth interviews with 7 teachers. The findings reveal: (1) Inclusive students generally experience difficulties in classroom participation, task completion, and independent learning; (2) Teachers generally lack sufficient professional knowledge and skills to effectively address the needs of inclusive students; (3) Schools lack resources and support, including adaptive curriculum arrangements and assessment methods for inclusive students; (4) There are contradictions between current educational policies and practical needs, such as the no-retention policy for grades 1-4, which may lead to missing the best intervention timing for inclusive students. Based on the research results, this paper proposes recommendations including strengthening teacher professional development, optimizing school resource allocation, improving educational policies, reinforcing early identification and intervention mechanisms, and promoting home-school cooperation. These findings and suggestions provide important references for policy-making and practical improvements in inclusive education in Macao. 本研究旨在探討澳門普通小學教師在課堂應對融合學生時所面臨的困難及挑戰。隨著融合教育理念的普及，澳門融合學生數量不斷增加，但參與融合教育的學校數量增長緩慢，使得普通小學教師面臨更多挑戰。本研究採用混合研究方法，結合課堂觀察和深度訪談，以全面了解教師面臨的問題。 研究對15節課進行了結構化觀察，涵蓋5個年級和5個學科，並對7位教師進行了深度訪談。研究發現：（一、）融合學生在課堂參與、任務完成和自主學習等方面普遍存在困難；（二、）教師普遍缺乏足夠的專業知識和技能來有效應對融合學生；（三、）學校資源和支援不足，缺乏針對融合學生的適應性課程安排和評核方式；（四、）現行教育政策與實際需求之間存在矛盾，如一至四年級不留級制度可能導致錯過融合學生最佳干預時機。 基於研究結果，本文提出了加強教師專業發展、優化學校資源配置、完善教育政策、強化早期識別和干預機制，以及促進家校合作等建議。這些發現和建議為澳門融合教育的政策制定和實踐改進提供了重要參考。 關鍵詞：融合教育，普通小學教師，融合學生，澳門

Interdisciplinary Teaching Design and Practice Research Combining Mathematics and Programming: A Case Study of Fourth Grade Mathematics Topics - Lao, Si Man (2025)
本研究旨在探討跨學科教學方法在數學教育中的應用效果,特別聚焦於編 程與數學課程的整合。探討結合數學與編程的跨學科教學設計對小學四年級學 生的影響,旨在提升學生的數學和編程學習的成效。研究採用 5E 教學模式, 將 Scratch 3.0 編程活動融入數學課程,並進行實驗以評估其成效。研究對象為 澳門一所學校兩個四年級普通班級(A 班和 B 班)的學生,分為實驗組和對照 組。研究採用交叉設計,進行兩次實驗:實驗一以 A 班為實驗組、B 班為對照 組,進行《旋轉對稱圖形》單元的跨學科教學;實驗二則互換角色,以 B 班為 實驗組、A 班為對照組,進行《可以被 3 整除的數》單元的跨學科教學。研究 使用數學單元測驗卷、數學學習動機量表,以及學生的數學測驗成績和編程學 習動機量表作為評估工具。 研究結果顯示: 一、數學成績提升:實驗組學生的數學成績顯著高於對照組。 二、數學學習動機增強:實驗組學生在數學興趣和自我效能感方面均有顯 著提升。 三、編程學習動機提升:實驗組在編程社會價值、感知編程效用、編程興 趣和自我效能方面均有顯著的提升。 結論指出,實施編程活動融入數學科的跨學科教學,提升學生的數學成 績、數學和編程的學習動機。建議應推廣此類跨學科教學,並加強教師培訓及 教學資源開發,以提高學生的學習動機和成效。未來研究可擴大樣本範圍,探 討長期效果及多學科整合的影響。 This study investigates the impact of interdisciplinary teaching design integrating mathematics and programming on fourth-grade elementary school students, aiming to enhance their learning outcomes in both subjects. The research employs the 5E instructional model, incorporating Scratch 3.0 programming into the mathematics curriculum, and conducts experiments to evaluate its effectiveness. The study subjects are two regular fourth-grade classes (Class A and Class B) from a school in Macau, divided into experimental and control groups. A crossover design is used, conducting two experiments: in Experiment 1, Class A serves as the experimental group and Class B as the control group for the "Rotational Symmetry Figures" unit; in Experiment 2, the roles are reversed, with Class B as the experimental group and Class A as the control group for the "Numbers Divisible by 3" unit. The study uses mathematics learning motivation and programming learning motivation scales as assessment tools. Major research findings are as follows: 1. Improved mathematics performance: The experimental group's mathematics scores were significantly higher than the control group's. 2. Enhanced mathematics learning motivation: The experimental group showed significant improvements in mathematics interest and self-efficacy. 3. Increased programming learning motivation: The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in programming social value, perceived programming utility, programming interest, and self-efficacy. The conclusion indicates that the 5E instructional model effectively promotes the integration of mathematics and programming, enhancing students' learning outcomes. It is recommended that educational institutions promote such interdisciplinary teaching and strengthen teacher training and teaching resource development to improve students' learning motivation and effectiveness. Future research could expand the sample size to explore long-term effects and the impact of multi-disciplinary integration.

The Impact of the Understanding of Reproductive Rights on Career Planning and Gender Equality Attitudes Among Macau Residents Aged 25-34 - Lou, Weng Si (2025)
本研究旨在探討澳門 25-34 歲年齡層個人對生育權的認知與理解,以及這 些觀點對其生涯規劃和性別平等態度的影響。澳門作為一個快速發展的特別行 政區,關於生殖權的討論仍然較為缺乏,這使得本研究特別重要,因為它有助 於填補這一領域的知識空白。本研究採用質性研究方法,通過有目的抽樣,對 20 名年齡在 25-34 歲之間的澳門居民進行半結構訪談,並以詮釋學方法分析數 據。 研究發現如下: 1. 男性參與者更關注個人角色和責任,並反思社會期望和文化價值觀。 2. 女性參與者則更關注社會期望與個人自主權的衝突,並關心性別平等和 個人權利。 這些差異突顯了性別角色和社會責任在男性和女性身上的不同詮釋,並反映 了社會、文化和個人因素對於性別觀點的塑造作用。研究結果對於推動澳門的 性別平等政策和生殖權利保障具有重要意義,並為後續研究提供了實證基礎。 This study aims to explore the awareness and understanding of reproductive rights among individuals aged 25-34 in Macau, as well as the impact of these views on their career planning and attitudes towards gender equality. As a rapidly developing Special Administrative Region, Macau still lacks extensive discussion on reproductive rights, making this research particularly important as it helps to fill the knowledge gap in this field. The study employs qualitative research methods, using purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured interviews with 20 Macau residents aged 25-34, and analyzes the data using hermeneutic methods. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. Male participants are more concerned with individual roles and responsibilities, and they reflect on societal expectations and cultural values. 2. Female participants are more focused on the conflict between societal expectations and personal autonomy, and they are concerned with gender equality and individual rights. These differences highlight the varying interpretations of gender roles and social responsibilities between men and women and reflect the influence of social, cultural, and personal factors on gender perspectives. The research results have significant implications for promoting gender equality policies and reproductive rights protection in Macau, providing an empirical basis for subsequent studies.

The Exploration of the Methadone Treatment Program in Heroin-Dependent: The Perspective from Users and the Quality of Life - Ma, Sara Vanessa (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This thesis explores the impact of the exploration of methadone treatment programs in heroin-dependent the perspective from use and the quality of life. The primary objective of this research is to investigate how different types of participants that methadone will affect their quality of life. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data from a sample of 59 participants, 8 female, and 51 male, for the questionnaire to know about their quality of life and well-being. A structured questionnaire was used to quantitatively assess participants' quality of life, well-being, and satisfaction with methadone treatment. The survey included standardized scales measuring various dimensions of quality of life, such as physical health, mental health, social functioning, and overall life satisfaction. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of treatment efficacy and genetic influences. In the course of this research on the impact of methadone treatment programs on the quality of life for heroin-dependent individuals, several key findings emerged from both the quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. To overall improvement in quality of life the participants reported significant improvements in various dimensions of quality of life after starting methadone treatment. On average, scores for emotional well-being, social functioning, and physical health showed marked increases over the treatment period
Keywords: Thesis and Dissertations Master of Couselling and Psychotherapy (MCP); University of Saint Joseph

Integrating Internal Corporate Communication (ICC) Strategies to Enhance Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Management: Chan Ka I - Chan, Ka I. (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This dissertation examines the relationship between internal corporate communication (ICC)strategies and occupational safety and health (OSH) Management practices in Macau's hospitality industry. The primary objective is to investigate how communication approaches can enhance workplace safety protocols and improve OSH outcomes for corporations in the leisure and entertainment sectors. The study aligns with Macau's several policies and economic development on promoting health and safety. It highlights the critical role of OSH Management in the post-COVID-19 business environment, influencing consumer choices and industry practices. The mixed-methods research identified critical success factors, including aligning OSH goals with corporate objectives, utilizing diverse communication platforms, and establishing a safety culture. Areas for improvement were also uncovered. The findings provide valuable insights for hospitality organizations, emphasizing the critical role of internal communication in driving effective OSH Management. By integrating communication strategies with OSH initiatives, organizations can cultivate a robust safety culture, ensure regulatory compliance, and enhance employee well-being and customer satisfaction - key factors for long-term business success
Keywords: Communication; Hospitality; Occupational Safety and Health; Organization; Theses and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

A STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN JOB AUTONOMY, ORGANISATIONAL JUSTICE, ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN MACAU - Cheong, Wan Sze (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
With the increasing number of tourists coming to Macau after the three years of lockdown period, more quality services are expected. However, organisations are now facing a big challenge in maintaining sufficient employee, managing their employees’ performance and productivity. Employee engagement plays an important role because it will not only affect individual performance but also the performance of an organisation. This is the first study to provide evidence of the engagement level of general employees working in Macau, and of its relationships with job autonomy, organisational justice and organisational culture. The study results revealed that the levels of vigour, dedication and absorption of employees working full time in Macau were slightly above the mid-point value 3 of the scale, with about 30% of employees were found less engaged or disengaged. Criteria autonomy, method autonomy, schedule autonomy, organisational justice and collectivism culture were positively and significantly correlated with all three dimensions of employee engagement (i.e. vigour, dedication and absorption). There is no significant negative relationship between power distance culture and employee engagement. Method autonomy was the strongest positive predictor of all three dimensions of employee engagement, followed by organisational justice, while collectivism culture was a positive predictor for vigour and absorption. The implications for management will be discussed in terms of organisational support and communication
Keywords: Employee engagement; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Organisational Psychology (MOP); University of Saint Joseph; autonomy; organisation al justice; organisational culture

The Effect of Empathy on Relationship Satisfaction in Young Adult Lovers in Macau: The Role of Love Maintenance Behaviors - 黎志濠 (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between empathy, love maintenance behaviors, relationship satisfaction in a convenience sample of young adult lovers in Macau. Participants were N = 183 (84 males, 99 females) recruited from the social media platform (e.g. Instagram, WeChat, Facebook). Firstly, young adult lovers who tended to have high relationship satisfaction and empathy are tended to use positive love maintenance behaviors but less likely to use negative love maintenance behaviors. Besides, there were differences found by gender in empathy (affective empathy & total empathy), some dimensions of positive love maintenance behaviors (openness & advice), and negative love maintenance behaviors (causing jealousy, destructive conflict & negative love maintenance behaviors in general). Lastly, the findings in this study supported the hypotheses that love maintenance behaviors mediated the relationship between relationship satisfaction and empathy among young adult lovers in Macau. It was revealed that there was higher satisfaction in younger adult lovers in younger group (18-24 years) compared to older groups (32-40 years). For empathy, it correlated positively with relationship satisfaction and most positive love maintenance behaviors, but also with certain negative love maintenance behaviors. Positive love maintenance behaviors mediate the relationship between relationship satisfaction and empathy, highlighting their critical role in maintaining healthy relationships
Keywords: Love maintenance behaviors; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Couselling and Psychotherapy (MCP); University of Saint Joseph; empathy; relationship satisfaction

STRATEGIES FOR DEFINING AND RESOLVING NON-PERFORMING ASSETS IN STATE-OWNED CHINESE BANKS - Wu, Xiao (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Given the rapid growth of China's economy and its maturing financial market, state-owned banks have played a crucial role in driving national economic growth and ensuring financial stability. However, this progress has been accompanied by a pressing challenge - the accumulation of non-performing assets (NPAs), which pose significant obstacles to both the banking industry and China's economic development. Therefore, it is imperative to comprehensively analyze strategies aimed at mitigating NPAs in state-owned commercial banks, with an emphasis on seeking more effective resolution mechanisms. This study delves into the institutional environment surrounding NPAs in state-owned banks, including improvements in laws and regulations as well as advancements in financial market structures and legal frameworks. The initial step involves analyzing the current status and manifestations of NPAs within state-owned banks to clarify their ambiguously defined areas. Furthermore, considering China's unique policy context and socio-economic landscape, this study conducts an analysis and comparison of diverse strategies for addressing NPAs from the perspectives of asset quality management, risk-profit equilibrium, and legal regulatory support system. Ultimately, several suggestions are proposed regarding the trajectory of NPA resolution
Keywords: Bank; NPA; NPL; Risk management; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

Analysis of Cross-Cultural Consumer Perception Based on Multiple Physiological Monitoring Tools - Carvalho, Ana Catarina Line Henriques de (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
As the world becomes more globalized, it is now more important than ever for brands and advertisers to find effective ways to engage with consumers of different cultural backgrounds. Developing marketing that targets people of different cultural backgrounds, or multicultural marketing, carries specific nuances and complexities that may make traditional methods fall short. With this being said, there is still a lack of studies that explore the correlation between consumer's cultural background and their overall brand perception. Neuromarketing has proven to be an effective tool to understanding consumer behavior, by utilizing neuroscience tools. To employ a more sophisticated and in-depth understanding of consumer perception, the current research study makes use of neuroscience tools and aims to study the influence of cultural background in brand perception, while in a controlled environment. Using physiological neuroscience tools, namely, facial expression analysis (FEA), electrodermal activity (EDA), and eye-tracking (ET), a total of thirty-eight individuals, with ages between 19 and 50 years old, from 12 different countries and regions, participated in this research study. Findings suggest that participants of different cultural backgrounds perceive multicultural commercials as more favorable than monocultural commercials. However, future research should be done with a larger sample size, as well as include a wider variety of commercials. Research would also benefit from adopting a statistical analysis to help determine the significance of the results obtained
Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Multicultural; Neuromarketing; Neuroscience; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE DRIVERS OF CONSUMER SHOPPING BEHAVIOR IN LIVE-STREAMING COMMERCE - Song, Wilson (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This dissertation identifies factors driving consumer shopping behavior within the realm of live-streaming commerce, an area fast emerging in the e-commerce domain. Live-streaming shopping or commerce involves real-time interaction and entertainment with traditional online shopping, forming a unique endogenous environment where consumers can contact sellers or influencers directly. The study employed quantitative surveys that identified some of the main determining factors of consumer behavior within this context. The findings show that the significant factors in determining consumer behavior are trust and engagement, which are strongly influenced by the credibility and authenticity of the live streamer. Another significant finding is the role of social interaction and community building in providing consumers with a sense of belonging and validation, enhancing their confidence and purchase intention. Moreover, it highlights how marketing strategies of flash sales, limited-time offers, and partnerships with influencers make their way into the system to help invoke engagement and impulsive buying behavior among consumers. The implications of these findings extend to e-commerce platforms and marketers. Any improvements in features leading to trust, engagement, and interactivity within the community would drive higher customer satisfaction and sales. According to researchers, working partnerships with believable influencers and more extensive integrations of real-time marketing might further activate live-streaming commerce. This study thus fills a gap in the existing body of literature by detailing the drivers of consumer behavior toward live-stream commerce. It also identifies areas of future research on the current studies, including developing technologies and the cultural variances in the impact of live-stream commerce, including ethical considerations. These results are principle for guiding work on potential live-stream commerce in the digital age for anybody from workers to academicians
Keywords: E-Commerce; Live-Streaming; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph; consumer behavior

SLEEP PROBLEMS IN MACAU CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: ASSOCIATION WITH BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE - Hio, Sam U. (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
The adverse impact of sleep problems on children and adolescents’ health and development raises concern in the community. Although some studies have examined the association of sleep problems with behavioural problems and academic performance, few have been done in Macau, especially for the children population and regarding academic performance. Hence, the primary purpose of the present study was to identify sleep problems of children and adolescents in Macau and explore its relationship with behavioural problems and academic performance. 948 participants (466 children and 482 adolescents) from Macau were included in the study. Data was collected using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) forms: CBCL, TRF and YSR. Children sleep problems were assessed by the reports of mother and father, in addition self-report was also included to measure adolescents sleep problems. Behavioural problems were reported by mother, father and teacher for children, as well as self-report for adolescents. Academic performance was the average of teacher’s rating of all academic subjects. The prevalence of sleep problems was 10.1% in children and 17.4% in adolescents. The results showed significant difference between children’s sleep problems and their mother and father-reported total behavioural problems, but not with teacher-reported total behavioural problems. However, whereas the t-test found that adolescent’s sleep problems significantly predicted all informants reported total behavioural problems, the chi-square test found no significant relationship between the two factors in teacher’s ratings, suggesting that while adolescents who had more sleep problems did show a higher frequency of total behavioural problems in the teacher’s perspective, but they may not be severe enough to be considered clinical. In addition, significant association between academic performance and sleep problems were only observed in children but not in adolescents; and no significant relationship was found between sleep problems and grade retention. Findings provided further support for some associations of sleep problems with behavioural problems and academic performance. In general, the findings of Macau were similar to those in other countries. Given that chronic sleep problems create multiple negative consequences to students’ lives, practical implications are provided to help lower it through the collaboration between parties, education about sleep hygiene and the development of healthy sleeping habits. Keywords: sleep problems; behavioural problems; academic performance; children; adolescents
Keywords: Macau; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Couselling and Psychotherapy (MCP); University of Saint Joseph; academic performance; adolescents; behavioural problems; sleep problems

CONSUMER PROTECTION POLICY IN MACAO'S FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR: ANALYSIS OF THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES IN COMPARISON TO GLOBAL PRACTICES - Kuan, Ho Tong (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This research is to assess the current status quo, strengths, and weaknesses of financial consumer protection mechanisms in Macao. According to the World Bank, financial consumer protection can bring positive impact on the development of financial sector, broadening financial inclusion and fostering economic growth. In 2022, under the backdrop of COVID-19 and downturn in economy, Macao Government announced its ambition to recover and diversify the economy of Macao by leveraging “1+4” Diversified Development Strategy, in which developing modern finance is one of the main priorities. The new Financial System Act took into effect on 1st November 2023 and this Act will enable non-financial institutions to apply for temporary licenses on fin-tech innovations within a controllable risk area. In the local context, does Macao have a strong financial consumer protection mechanism in place to goal for developing modern finance and face challenges brought by fin-tech? In this research, a mixed method consisting of doctrinal legal research method and comparative legal research method is adopted. 10 jurisdictions (Ireland, Singapore, Australia, United Kingdom, Malaysia, Hong Kong, China, European Union, Canada, and United States) were selected in comparison of rights for financial consumer protection based on the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on Financial Consumer Protection and the results of which were then compared to the rights for financial consumer protection in Macao. The findings of this study show that the main strength of financial consumer protection mechanisms in Macao lies on the supervision of the Monetary Authority of Macao (AMCM) on the banking sector and insurance sector, other financial institutions according to international principles; however, the in-depthness of work done by Macao in financial consumer protection is not as much as those done by other jurisdictions: in Macao, there is no policyholder protection scheme in the event of failure of insurance companies; no mystery shopping and consumer survey done by oversight bodies; narrow range of definition of vulnerable consumers; no financial literacy survey; no in-depth competition law; no in-depth guidelines to monitor advertising materials for financial products; no database for consumers to search for unregulated firms and scammers; no in-depth financial educational materials about the rights of financial consumers. It is recommended that Macao Government can learn from United Kingdom, Canada and European Union to adopt behavioural insights in developing financial consumer protection policy to protect financial consumers from being exploited by the financial service providers based on the consumers’ behavioural biases. Some literature suggested that consumers are vulnerable in digital landscape. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that Macao Government shall take proactive actions to strengthen the current financial consumer protection mechanism by adhering to the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on Financial Consumer Protection, in order to develop modern finance and protect consumers from the risks posed by fin-tech
Keywords: Macao; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Lusophone and International Public Law(MLIPL); University of Saint Joseph; financial consumer protection; financial education; financial inclusion; financial literacy

Regulating the Use of Artificial Intelligence(AI): Achievements and Challenges - Hamamoto, Mayumi (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This dissertation is research regarding the achievements and challenges in artificial intelligence (A) regulation at a domestic level and international level. This study is important because there are more legal issues regarding the application of AI, and AI has grown to be part of the public’s daily lives. A mixed method has been adopted in this research: doctrinal legal research and a comparative legal research method. AI was invented in the 1950s and in the 2000s, has been more accessible to the public. The first AI regulation, the EU AI ACT, has recently been enforced, an AI regulation that has been around for nearly seven decades after its invention. It is high time that regulators in different states invest more effort in AI regulations
Keywords: AI; Artificial Intelligence; System Learning; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Lusophone and International Public Law(MLIPL); University of Saint Joseph

NATURE EXPOSURE AND CREATIVITY IN THE WORKPLACE: THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION - Ao, Si Weng (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This dissertation investigates the relationship between nature exposure in the workplace, job satisfaction, and creativity among full-time employees in Macao. The study aims to examine the impact of exposure to greenery and sunlight on job creativity and job satisfaction, as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between workplace nature exposure and creativity. Drawing on existing literature, the study proposes the following hypotheses: (H1) Workplace nature exposure, including greenery and sunlight, positively influences job creativity. (H2) Workplace nature exposure, including greenery and sunlight, positively affects job satisfaction. (H3) Job satisfaction mediates the positive relationship between workplace nature exposure (specifically, greenery and sunlight) and job creativity. A quantitative methodology utilizing cross-sectional self-response questionnaires was employed for data collection. The measures used were pre-validated and translated into Chinese through a rigorous process of translation and back-translation. The final sample consisted of 450 full-time workers in Macao. The results highlight the significance of integrating natural elements, such as greenery and sunlight, into the work environment to promote a more favourable setting for innovation and the overall well-being of employees. The implications of these findings, both in theoretical and practical terms, are thoroughly discussed. By examining the relationships, this study contributes to the understanding of how the physical environment influences employee well-being and performance. The findings offer valuable insights for organisations and policymakers in designing workspaces that foster creativity and job satisfaction among employees
Keywords: Job Creativity; Job Satisfaction; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Organisational Psychology (MOP); University of Saint Joseph; Workplace Nature Exposure

DAOIST PERSPECTIVES ON TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIP: TAKING MACAO AS AN EXAMPLE = 道家視角下的師生關係-以澳門為例 - Lei, Sok Fan (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Keywords: Teacher-student Relationship; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Philosophy (MPH); University of Saint Joseph; Wuwei; the Dao De Jing

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AMONG MACAU BAPTIST COLLEGE SCHOOL STUDENTS: ATTITUDE TOWARDS LEARNING AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PEOPLE - Leong, Fong Hio (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This study explores the attitudes of students at Macau Baptist College toward social media usage and its influence on their relationships and academic performance. The research utilized mixed methods to incorporate focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with eight students, eleven teachers, and seven parents, and an online questionnaire administered to 341 students across all college levels. Findings reveal that WeChat is the primary communication tool among college members, significantly facilitating relationships within the school community. Students reported spending extensive time online, especially during holidays, which raises concerns about its impact on academic performance and mental well-being. While many students acknowledge the potential benefits of social media for learning, they also express skepticism regarding the reliability of online information and experience challenges in seeking help due to fears of judgment. The study highlights students' mixed attitudes toward social media, emphasizing the need for digital literacy and guidance to navigate online interactions safely. Ultimately, this research underscores the importance of fostering a supportive environment for students, enabling them to balance their digital engagements with academic responsibilities. Recommendations for parents, educators, and policymakers include: - Promoting responsible social media use. - Enhancing media literacy education. - Facilitating open communication to address online challenges. By addressing these aspects, stakeholders can optimize the positive effects of social media while mitigating its potential drawbacks on students' well-being and academic success
Keywords: Attitude; Learning; Relationship; Social Media; Students; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Communication and Media (MCM); University of Saint Joseph

Research on Risk Management Practices and Countermeasures of Overseas Operations in State-owned Enterprises - Wang, Huan Huan (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
In the current context of intensified economic globalization, Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have actively responded to the "Belt and Road" initiative by expanding their overseas operations, seeking new growth points through competition and cooperation in the global market. However, along with opportunities come the necessity for risk management in the overseas operations of SOEs. Based on theories of systematic and non-systematic risks, this thesis employs methods such as case study analysis and multiple linear regression to thoroughly examine key risk types in SOEs’ overseas operations, including political risks and exchange rate risks. Using quantitative models like the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and neural network early-warning models, the thesis empirically tests the effectiveness of mechanisms for risk identification, assessment, and control. Data sources include national statistics and corporate annual reports, and techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are applied to reveal statistical characteristics of risk factors and the internal and external linkage mechanisms of risk events. The thesis points out that the management of risks in overseas operations of SOEs not only relies on scientific assessment and precise early warning but also requires the establishment of a risk management framework and governance system that aligns with international rules. Through in-depth analysis of the overseas operations of enterprises like PetroChina and Huawei, the thesis distills strategies for risk prevention and control, such as diversified investment strategies and the construction of compliance risk control systems, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the current risk management system, proposing pathways for sustainable development. The outcomes of the research aim to help SOEs enhance their level of risk management, ensure national economic security, and also provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for the implementation of international strategies by SOEs
Keywords: Overseas operation; Risk assessment; Risk control; Risk management; State-owned enterprise; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

REMINISCENCE THERAPY IN INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY PEOPLE: CASE STUDY = TERAPIA DE REMINISCÊNCIAS EM IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS: ESTUDO DE CASO - Araújo, Filipa Maria Santos (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Keywords: Depression; Elderly; Mental Health; Reminiscence Therapy; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Couselling and Psychotherapy (MCP); University of Saint Joseph; Well-being

PUBLIC POLICIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN MACAO: LOCAL PERSPECTIVES AND EXPERIENCES - Tai, On Teng (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This dissertation explores Macao residents' experiences and perspectives regarding Macao's public policies and infrastructure for electric vehicles. It delves into residents' viewpoints on the effectiveness of electric vehicle policy implementation, the layout and convenience of public facilities such as charging stations and designated parking spaces for electric vehicles, and their actual experiences and feedback while using electric cars. This study is significant because it provides valuable insights into Macao residents' fundamental attitudes and needs toward electric vehicle policies and public facilities. By understanding these perspectives, policymakers can make more informed decisions to optimize electric vehicle policies and improve public facilities, ultimately promoting the healthy development of the electric vehicle market in Macao and facilitating the construction of a green transportation system. In terms of research methods, this study primarily employed questionnaires to collect data from road users in Macao. The questionnaires were designed to gather comprehensive information on their experiences and feedback related to electric vehicle policies, infrastructure, and usage. The findings of this study are intriguing. Firstly, it was discovered that Macao residents have a relatively low awareness of electric vehicle policies, but generally, they believe these policies contribute to environmental protection. Secondly, regarding public facilities, some residents reported issues such as uneven distribution and insufficient number of charging stations, as well as inadequacies in using and managing designated parking spaces for electric vehicles. Additionally, residents provided specific opinions and suggestions regarding the purchase costs of electric vehicles and government subsidy policies. Based on these findings, my conclusion is that there is an urgent need to optimize and improve Macao's electric vehicle policies and public facilities. Policymakers should increase publicity efforts to raise residents' awareness of electric vehicle policies and reasonably plan the layout of charging stations and designated parking spaces for electric vehicles to enhance their convenience and availability. Furthermore, the government could consider providing more subsidies and preferential policies for purchasing electric vehicles to reduce the financial burden on residents. These measures will help promote the further development of the electric vehicle market in Macao and facilitate the construction of a green transportation system
Keywords: Electric vehicles; Green transportation; Macao; Public infrastructure; Public policies; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Government Studies (MGS); University of Saint Joseph

THE IMPACT OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION’S OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS ON PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES STOCK RETURNS - Iam, Hou In (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
In early 2020, the COVID-19 virus spread rapidly around the world within months. After countries around the world announced the outbreak of COVID-19, many industries suffered a severe recession, but a few industries were able to buck the trend and maintain good performance. The outbreak has driven strong demand for medical products and pharmaceuticals. As the epidemic continues to spread, people are in urgent need of drugs and vaccines to treat COVID-19, which directly promotes the development of the pharmaceutical industry (Alam et al., 2021). This study aims to explore the impact of announcements from the World Health Organization (WHO) or similar official agencies on the development of the epidemic during the COVID-19 epidemic on the stock prices of specific pharmaceutical companies. The study uses event study methodology to analyze the impact of events in the COVID-19 pandemic on these companies. Through an event study on 7 major events during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study found that the stock price changes of different pharmaceutical companies are not uniform. The WHO announcement of a global pandemic and the emergency authorization announcement of drugs have had different significant impacts on different types of pharmaceutical companies. This study provides new information for understanding the stock return change of specific pharmaceutical companies during the COVID-19 epidemic
Keywords: COVID-19; Theses and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph; pharmaceutical; stock returns

Impact of green finance on Asian economic development - Wong, Kuan Lam (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
The development of green financial products like green bonds and industry financing has gained momentum, showing positive impacts on sustainable economic development, renewable energy investment, and greenhouse gas emission reduction. As the research problem is inadequately explored, this dissertation aims to fill the research gap to evaluate the impacts of green finance on economic development. Furthermore, this study assesses the differences between Asian and non-Asian economies in the impacts of green finance on economic development. Two empirical measures are analyzed in this study.Green finance is measured with the Global Green Finance Index (GGFI), a composite index that captures over 100 instrumental variables, covering the business environment, human capital, infrastructure, and sustainability aspects of a financial center. Growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita reflects economic development. The dataset encompasses 83 international financial centers from 2018 to 2022. The regression model finds a significant negative relationship between growth rates of GGFI and GDP per capita in the full sample, the Asian subgroup, and the non-Asian subgroup. GGFI growth is confirmed to have Granger caused GDP per capita growth, but GDP per capita growth did not Granger cause GGFI growth. Combined with the insights of the previous studies, this study justifies the findings as a short-term negative impact of green finance on economic growth. However, the Asian region, with many emerging economies, could transition faster, so the regression derives a less negative coefficients for Asian financial centers. The policy implication 5 is that continued government support to improve the effectiveness of green finance is necessary for the long-term benefit of green finance to be fully realized
Keywords: Thesis and Dissertations Master of Government Studies (MGS); University of Saint Joseph

The Strategy Christian Chruches Use in Marketing and Building Brand in Macau: A Case Study of Macau Baptist Church - Chan, Ka Yue (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This research chooses Macau Baptist Church in Macau as the research object, studying the brand and marketing strategy adopted by the church and determining what is essential for Christian churches when they do marketing to build brand awareness. Branding is essential in church communication mechanisms to recruit members and build loyal membership to reach sustainability. This topic is a relatively new study in the research field; the Macau Baptist Church case filled the gap of lack of Asia sampling and provided the perspective from the Baptist in branding church. The research sets off to answer the question of what marketing strategies Christian churches in Macau can adopt to build brand awareness, adopting a qualitative case study research method. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with leaders involved and included in the marketing effort of recruitment and evangelisation in Macau Baptist Church. Secondary materials are analysed and collected through printed materials published by Macau Baptist Church, an online social media platform and monthly meeting minutes. Participant observation notes are used in the process of analysing the effectiveness of the strategy used by the church. In branding a Christian church, the key is to understand and accurately interpret the church identity and build a God-centred church to help attendees have a strong relationship with God with the a posteriori of understanding the word of God. A priori experience with God through the services and evangelical campaigns hold by the church. Then, the vision and mission, goal setting, review, and reform will be determined so the church can sustain itself in modern days and achieve church growth
Keywords: Asian church marketing; Church branding; Church marketing; Theses and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE: A CASE STUDY OF N COMPANY - Xie, Yue Na (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
With the comprehensive opening of the global economy, the intensification of market competition and the increasingly prominent value of human resources, all trades and professions are facing unprecedented challenges. In order to remain competitive in the market, human resource management plays an increasingly important role. As an important part of human resource management, enterprise performance management can be used as a key tool to drive the release of employees' potential, which has attracted more and more attention from enterprises. More and more performance management-related systems have been introduced into enterprises. However, in the system introduction and implementation process, there are different degrees of problems, such as ""mechanically copied"" and ""process"". Therefore, according to the specific situation of different enterprises, it is necessary to formulate the corresponding performance management system to maximize the role of motivating employees. This paper explores enterprise performance management's influence on the employee incentive effect. The implementation of enterprise performance management and its influence on employee incentive are analyzed through the literature review, case analysis and empirical analysis. Research has found that effective enterprise performance management can significantly improve the work enthusiasm and satisfaction of employees, thus enhancing the overall performance of enterprises and promoting all-round development. At the same time, this paper also discusses the key factors affecting the incentive effect of enterprise performance management, and puts forward the corresponding optimization suggestions
Keywords: TCA; Theses and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph; performace management; performance incentive

The Impact of Monetary Rewards and Employees’ Benefits on Frontline Staff Motivation in the Retail Industry - Ho, Un Ian (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Macau's retail industry was familiar to all sectors. Retailers take up massive responsibility for the Macau economy. There are few manufacturers in Macau, so products and goods are imported. As the front-line staff of a retail store, employees would need to face many people daily; it can be tiring and stressful for them. Therefore, this study examined the motivational factors of front-line staff in the retail industry. It is crucial to understand various motivational factors, as one of the challenges that retail entrepreneurs face is employee retention. This study evaluated the characteristics of motivation so that managers can develop some strategies for their employees. The qualitative research method was adopted in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted to determine various motivators and the reasons behind their motivation. This study used purposive sampling, and eight candidates were selected to conduct the interview. The results of the interviews concluded that monetary rewards like salary and sales incentives have the most significant effect on motivation. Relationships with colleagues and superiors also affect their motivation in the working environment. Moreover, employee benefits like public holidays, maternity leave, etc, are also one of the motivators. Different participants mentioned other motivators, such as recognition, teamwork, learning and growth opportunities, teamwork, and fit of interest. Based on the research question, this study concluded that monetary rewards have a larger effect on employees' motivation than job benefits. Managers and leaders can develop strategies based on this research, and future research can also examine some other motivational factors with a larger sample
Keywords: Frontline Staff; Macau Retail; Motivation; Theses and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

澳門普通小學教師職業幸福感：: 現況、影響因素及提升策略 = THE OCCUPATIONAL WELL-BEING OF MACAU PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS：CURRENT STATUS, INFLUENCING FACTORS, AND ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES - 黎嘉穎 (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Keywords: Thesis and Dissertations Master of Education (MED); University of Saint Joseph; 教師; 澳門小學; 職業幸福感

NEUROCINEMATIC: WALTER MURCH’S VIDEO EDITING PROCESS AND FILM SOUND DESIGN CASE STUDY - Nyögéri, José (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This dissertation examines the enduring influence of Walter Murch's seminal editing principles and techniques on contemporary film editors, highlighting how his ideas continue to shape the craft even among those who may not be directly aware of his work. Central to this study is an exploration of Murch's ""Rule of Six,"" which prioritizes emotion, story, rhythm, eye-trace, two-dimensional plane of the screen, and three-dimensional space of action in editing decisions. Additionally, the research delves into Murch's concepts of rhythm and pacing, as well as his emphasis on preserving the emotional impact of a scene. Through a series of in-depth interviews with working editors, this dissertation investigates the extent to which Murch's theoretical framework is manifested in modern editing practices. The study seeks to identify how contemporary editors incorporate these principles into their workflows, consciously or subconsciously, and how these techniques contribute to the narrative and emotional effectiveness of their films. By analyzing the practical decision-making processes of today's editors, this research aims to uncover the degree to which Murch's legacy endures in the film industry. The findings underscore the significant, yet often implicit, role that Murch's editing philosophy plays in shaping the aesthetic and emotional resonance of contemporary cinema. This dissertation thus provides a comprehensive understanding of the lasting impact of Walter Murch's contributions to the art and science of film editing
Keywords: Neurocinematic; Sound Design; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Communication and Media (MCM); University of Saint Joseph; Video Editing; Walter Murch

EXPERIENCING THE PRESENT AND EXPLORING THE FUTURE WITH IMMERSIVE TECHNOLOGIES CASE STUDY: " ST. LAZARUS CHURCH PEDESTRIAN STREET", MACAU - Zhou RenWei (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
In the present world, many cities have historical and culturally rich districts, but protectionism or economic reasons have slowed their development. Therefore, how to generate more value for these areas is crucial for a city with a deep and complex history. Using immersive virtual reality technology can help solve this problem, and this paper takes Macau's famous historical district as an entry point and starts from the perspective of the general public to explore and design some of the existing buildings and public areas in the district. The focus of this study is to explore the future development possibilities of historical and cultural districts in cities and experience the current situation of the district. Specifically, by studying the historical background and human investigation of ST. LAZARUS CHURCH PEDESTRIAN STREET (Chinese official name: 疯堂斜巷), the study uses immersive virtual reality technology to first create a scene of the existing building group in the district as a stage of protection for historical buildings. Then, it creates and presents a future building group scene in the district, which includes completed buildings and public area facilities after renovation and sustainable design. This renovation does not destroy the protected historical buildings at all, but is a protective exploration. The researchers used 3D computer graphics software (Blender) and virtual tour software (Kuula) to create the design, and users can freely explore the scene by ""walking"" virtually. The design includes two groups of architectural scenes of the ST. LAZARUS CHURCH PEDESTRIAN STREET in the present and the future. After entering the scene, users can freely switch between the present and the future time points to experience the different architectural scene atmospheres. Users can enter some buildings and public areas, and interact with objects in the scene to generate visual or auditory introductions to the target. Users can see the rough outline of the future historical and cultural district after the protective development in the free exploration of the virtual reality environment, which can inspire further public thinking about the development of historical and cultural street areas in the city. Users can explore and experience the project using professional virtual reality equipment or directly on the web. By using immersive virtual reality technology, the public can have a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the future development of historical and cultural street areas, and urban planners, professional architects, and clients of architectural design can all benefit from this technology, especially in the initial conceptual design and prototype design of buildings
Keywords: Conservation of historical building; Exploratory design; Reconstruction of historic district; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Design (MDG); University of Saint Joseph; Virtual reality technology

EXPLORING THE IMPACTS ON MENTAL WELL-BEING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UNDER COVID-19 PANDEMIC. A QUALITATIVE STUDY - Sit Chin Pok (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a public health emergency happening worldwide. It brought tremendous impacts to the global economy and people’s mental health (Jiaqi Xiong et al., 2020). Many people suffered physically and psychologically with the sudden arrival of COVID-19. Among the different age groups, studies identified that undergraduate students as a vulnerable group with a higher risk of mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety (Silva et al., 2022; King et al., 2022; Mansor & Ahmad, 2022). This qualitative study collected data from six focus group interviews with undergraduate students studying in Macao. Thematic analysis was used to understand the COVID-19 impact on students' mental well-being and coping strategies, as well as to explore the protective and risk factors that contribute to students’ mental well-being in the local context of Macao. Results showed four themes with 15 contributory sub-themes: COVID-19’s impact on students’ mental well-being, key impacting sources, coping strategies, and risk and protective factors. This study provides a picture of the mental health condition of undergraduate students during the zero-COVID period in Macao and raises an urgent call for extra attention to university students’ mental health during crises, showing the social and mental needs of undergraduates. This research also uniquely contributes insight into how the dysfunctionality of families could be a significant risk factor for students’ mental health during the crisis, which is rarely found in other COVID-19 studies. This research suggests a promotion of future programs or workshops that would strengthen and benefits students’ relationship with their family. Future research could explore the family function in Macao and its relationship with students’ mental well-being
Keywords: Mental Well-being; Qualitative; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Couselling and Psychotherapy (MCP); Undergraduate Student; University of Saint Joseph

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF MACAO ‘s PANDEMIC MANAGEMENT DURING THE COVID-19 - Ng Pui Weng (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
The aim of this study is to analyze the crisis management of Macao SAR and the extent to which the community were engaged in the COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. There are some issues found that when the pandemic breaks out and after outbreaks, such as poor information communication, low efficiency of prevention and control work, unsatisfactory compliance of the public, lack of pandemic prevention materials which affect the government's control of the pandemic in the past study. In Macao SAR, densely residential areas and dense population are the main considerations for pandemic prevention and control. Communities, as the main first line of defense for pandemic prevention and control, are also the bridge for communication between the government and the residents. The community have the advantages of timely and accurate information collection and accurate implementation of prevention and control measures. In this study found that the involvement of the Macao community may not be the key to the success of epidemic prevention in Macao. Community participation also faces many challenges, such as uneven distribution of facilities and services, lack of medical expertise of community workers, shortage of manpower and other shortcomings of community participation. It is possible that the Macao community is not playing a key role in the COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. Given this scenario, the government needs to give full play to social forces and the role of the community in pandemic prevention and control. Currently, there are few studies on community involvement in COVID-19 prevention and control. Through COVID-19, this study puts forward some ideas that the government needs to pay attention to community development and improve citizens' community awareness to promote the Macao community. Improving the Macao community is conducive to Macao in the future crisis and community cooperation
Keywords: Digital Finance; Digital Financial Infrastructure; Greater Bay Area; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Community Development (MCD); University of Saint Joseph

A STUDY OF PATTERNS OF CONSUMPTION OF THE NEW GENERATION of Macao - Wang, JiaBao (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
The increasing contribution of Generation Z (Gen Z) to Macao’s economy may be the driving force behind the recent changes in Macao’s consumption patterns. This dissertation analyzes how consumption patterns of Macao’s Gen Z differ from other generations. To investigate the types of goods and services consumed, the shopping modes, and the factors that influence the consumption decisions of different generations of Macao, this study conducts a survey to collect primary quantitative data from 296 Macao residents. This study found that the most Macao residents consumed 21%-60% of their income, showing a balance between consumption and saving. They spent most on food and non-alcoholic beverages, healthcare, and education. In terms of receiving information about new products, many Macao consumers learned from family and friends and social media, such as the Red Book and TikTok. Electronic payments have become increasingly popular, such as the local payment system, MPay. The t tests for statistically significant differences show that Gen Z was more likely to make online purchases when buying beauty products and electronic devices than other generations. Compared to other generations, Gen Z was more concerned with the level of fun of the brand, impacts on the environment, society, and local community of the product, personal preference and research, and the recommendations of online reviewers, influencers, and salesperson. Based on the findings of this study, businesses can develop up-to-date marketing strategies to introduce their products to different generations in Macao
Keywords: Consumption pattern; Generation Z; Macao; Millennial; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

FACTORS INFLUENCING BRAND IMAGE AND BEHAVIOR OF CONSUMERS OF THE XIAMEN MARATHON - Xu Teng (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Many sports events have been reopened since the recovery from the global Covid19 epidemic. As countries work toward the third sustainable development goal of good health and well-being, sports events have received increasing support and investments. This study focuses on the Xiamen Marathon, which had reached the platinum level of sustainable development and is a benchmark marathon race in China. To assess the factors that influence the brand image and behavior of consumers of the Xiamen Marathon, this dissertation references the conceptual models in previous studies and hypothesizes that experience, brand image, loyalty, satisfaction, motivation, organization, quality, and trust are the direct influencing factors of brand image and indirect determinants of word of mouth, sport, and behavioral intention. This study surveyed participants of the Xiamen Marathon in 2024 and collected data from a sample of 285 participants. All the respondents were local residents and over 90% were contestants. The largest proportions were 36-to-55-year-old, married, highly educated, and employed, earning monthly income between ¥5000 to ¥15000 and spending over ¥1000 on marathon equipment. IBM SPSS and Amos were used for the quantitative analysis based on structural equation modeling techniques, including reliability test, validity test, and hypothesis testing. The questionnaire quality was good, the scale data were suitable for factor analysis, and the questionnaire data fitted well. However, quality and trust were excluded due to low significance. The results show that experience, loyalty, satisfaction, motivation, and organization have significant and positive impacts on brand image, which in turn has significant and positive impacts word of mouth, sport, and behavioral intention. The results support the eight hypotheses of direct effects and the 15 hypotheses of intermediate effects
Keywords: Brand experience; Brand image; Brand loyalty; China; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

A Study of Tesla's Marketing Strategy in the Chinese Market - Xian Wenhao (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This study assesses Tesla's marketing strategies and their effectiveness in the Chinese market. Given Tesla's leading position in the global electric vehicle sector and the importance of the Chinese market, this study aims to analyze in-depth how Tesla has succeeded in China with its unique marketing tactics, and to suggest improvements to enhance its competitiveness. By utilizing analytical tools such as PEST, Porter's Five Forces Model, SWOT, and STP, this study comprehensively evaluates Tesla's marketing environment and thoroughly analyzes its marketing mix of products, prices, channels, promotions, etc., combined with consumer feedback and market research data. The study reveals that the key factors for Tesla's success include innovative design, unique branding, effective marketing strategies and digital marketing applications. Nevertheless, Tesla still needs to face the challenges of localization, pricing strategy, channel adjustment and promotion innovation. In order to maintain its leading position, Tesla should continue to innovate, strengthen its localization strategy, improve service quality, and adapt to policy changes. The optimization suggestions proposed in this study will help Tesla overcome challenges and achieve sustained growth, and they will also provide valuable references for other new energy vehicle companies
Keywords: China; Marketing evaluation; Marketing strategy; Tesla; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

Financial valuation of coca-cola company (NYSE: KO) - Jiang, Ye (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Keywords: Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph; financial statement; intrinsic value; valuation models

The Valuation of Nvidia Corporation (NYSE: NVDA.) - Wang, Hai (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This dissertation provides an in-depth valuation assessment on NVIDIA Corporation which is a leading technology company known for its GPUs, study its financial results, strategic initiatives by SWOT Analysis, and access its market positioning in semiconductor industry by using PESTEL Analysis and Poter’s Five Forces Analysis. In order to ascertain the intrinsic value and assess the future prospects of NVIDIA, the study then utilizes several financial models, Enterprise Discounted Cash Flow (EDCF), Adjusted Present Value (APV) and Discounted Economic Profit (DEP). The study presents NVIDIA is potentially overvalued
Keywords: Adjusted Present Value (APV); Discounted Economic Profit (DEP); Enterprise Discounted Cash Flow (EDCF); NVIDIA; SWOT Analysis; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

Feasibility Study on the R&D and Production of VOCs Environmental Protection Equipment - Chen Le Qi (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This study focuses on China's volatile organic compound treatment industry and deeply analyzes the current situation, challenges, and development trends of the volatile organic compound environmental protection industry. This study discusses technological advancements in reducing VOC emissions, environmental regulations' impact, and market demand changes. The market size, growth potential, and primary driving factors were analyzed by studying the business scope and competitive advantages of VOC management companies. Predict the company's operational status, investment return rate, and other related financial data through financial analysis. Finally, emphasis was placed on technological innovation, market positioning, and risk management while pointing out the industry's principal risks and response strategies. The research findings indicate that, in the context of increasing environmental awareness and policy support, China's VOC ecological protection industry has enormous growth potential. The company is expected to achieve significant success in both business and finance through technological innovation and market adaptation. The research and production of VOC environmental protection equipment is feasible
Keywords: China; Equipment; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph; VOCs

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) PRACTICES IN THE MACAU SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES): A STUDY OF THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY - Fong Wai Man (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
This research used a qualitative approach to explore the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices implemented by SME restaurants in Macau. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight (8) SME restaurant owners and managers to understand their ESG initiatives and their challenges. Key findings include: Environmental Initiatives: Many restaurants have adopted practices such as limiting plastic use, better food management, and organic waste recycling, often driven by government regulations rather than broader ESG considerations. Community Engagement and Social Responsibility: Social practices are less adopted, with some restaurants collaborating with charities, hiring individuals with disabilities, and donating food. However, most do not make monetary donations or engage in sponsorship activities due to financial concerns rather than a lack of consumer trust. Governance Initiatives: Restaurants have adopted electronic workflows, risk management practices, and stakeholder management approaches, including a flexible approach to employee management focused on operational efficiency rather than investor attraction. The findings indicate that for SME restaurants, the key drivers for ESG implementation are more focused on factors such as cost-savings and operational efficiency rather than broader considerations around investor interest or consumer trust. This study provides insights into how SME restaurants integrate ESG elements into their operations
Keywords: Environmental; Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs); Social; and Governance (ESG); Sustainable Practices; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

A Financial Valuation of Hewlett-Packard Inc. (NYSE: HPQ) - Ma, Heng (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
As one of the world's leading technology companies, HP occupies an essential position in the printer and personal system markets. In order to analyze HP's current market value and predict its future financial performance, this thesis values HP by applying three models: EDCF, DEP, and APV. Based on the financial statement from 2019 to 2023, this thesis conducts a common size analysis of the financial data to facilitate the comparison between various indicators. HP's asset structure and profitability are analyzed and the company's beta is also tested. To analyze HP's position and environment in the technology industry, Dell Inc. will be analyzed as its main competitor. At the same time, the intrinsic value of HP is estimated based on the financial statements for the next ten years which is predicted. The valuation results are compared with HP's stock price at the end of 2023 to determine whether HP's stock price is overvalued or undervalued. In order to improve the accuracy of the valuation, sensitivity analysis is also used to evaluate the impact of variables such as internal factors and external market factors on the company's value. Studies have shown that HP's intrinsic value is greatly affected by the market risk premium. This thesis also uses SWOT and PESTEL to analyze the company's strengths, weaknesses and operating environment which will help to identify the company's competitiveness. It also helps to identify HP's potential opportunities and risks in technological innovation and market expansion. The impact of the macro-economy on HP's development is also analyzed. The results of this thesis provide a reference for investors and management, which helps to understand the market positioning and future development potential of HP and other technology companies. The limitations of the study are the subjectivity of data forecasts and the uncertainty of the market environment
Keywords: Case Study; Customer Satisfaction; Fitness Club; Thesis and Dissertations Master of Business Administration (MBA); University of Saint Joseph

THE MARKET AS SOCIAL LANDSCAPE IN MACAU - Ma, Jianjun (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
Markets in Macau are not merely places for commercial retail, they are also social spaces. As a centre of communal life, markets are of great significance to the lives of Macau residents. However, with the rise of supermarkets and online shopping, the role of traditional markets has been reduced. At the same time, the messy and unkempt nature of traditional markets has become a negative factor of their social viability. The result has been a downward spiral of poor operation, decline in rental yield and loss of customers. Can the markets be revitalized for Macau residents? Can the social attributes of markets be reactivated? How can the experience of markets be re-imagined for different user groups? The present thesis is organized into 5 parts. The first part deals with the background of research. It also describes the purpose and significance of the research and discusses research methodology. The second part details market pressures in Macau, including insufficient land and space resources, poor sanitary environment, and tourism promotion needs. The third part examines the idea of “walkable cities” in terms of four concerns—usefulness, safety, comfort, and spatial interest—and in terms of specific case studies. The fourth part concerns a design project for a market at ZONE A in Macau. The thesis details the needs of a market in this zone and considers them in the light of the idea of walkable cities. Overall, this thesis attempts to contribute to public discussion of the future of markets in Macau in terms of service, socialisation and promotion
Keywords: Markets in Macau; Social Spaces; Theses and Dissertations Master of Architecture (MARCH); University of Saint Joseph; Walkable Cities

FLOWING PATH: SPORTS CENTER AS SOCIAL CONNECTOR - Xin, Ziyan (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
In the age of the information society, the prominence of internet communication and social media has meant that the role of face-to-face encounters in public life has been diminished. This trend has been exacerbated by public health concerns in the aftermath of the COVID pandemic. The social role of architecture and its contribution to the sustainability of interpersonal relationships has become a significant issue for architects. As a place to accommodate sporting activities and social space in the community, sports centers play an important role in promoting social cohesion and interaction. This is the focal topic of the present thesis. The principal tasks of this thesis are as follows: (1) This thesis collects and studies relevant literature on sports centers as social spaces. A special emphasis is placed on discussions of social spaces. The intention is to articulate design characteristics of community sports centers that merit further exploration. (2) This thesis selects three representative sports facilities as case studies and considers how they promote the formation of social bonds and interactions. The thesis offers a review of design ideas, planning strategies and specific methods of implementation. (3) This thesis takes the design project for a sports center in New District A in Macau as an example, and puts forward a design strategy of ""vertical intensification + shared application"". This strategy aims to promote the integration of the sports center with the urban environment, while creating a flexible public space that can adapt to the needs of spontaneous and social activities. The intention is to make the sports center a place that promotes community interaction and connectivity. Overall, this thesis argues that community sports centers can become important places to promote social interaction through well-designed architectural space. Specific design factors and strategies explored in this thesis provide useful points of reference for architects. Through on-going processes of optimization and innovation, sports centers can better serve the community of Macau
Keywords: Circulation strategies in architecture; Theses and Dissertations Master of Architecture (MARCH); University of Saint Joseph; integrated sports facilities; social connectors; sports centers

Transitional Spaces of a Community Center in Macau - Lin, Yanzi (University of Saint Joseph, 2024)
In a fast-paced and densely populated city, community activity centers can provide a social place for residents. This thesis is a study of this promise of social life for a new urban development in Macau. Community centers play an important role in promoting community cohesion and resident participation. Yet, public space for Macau residents is increasingly unable to meet growing and diversified needs. In what ways can the development of activity centers improve the quality of life of residents? Can transitional spaces between different functional areas in community centers play a more effective role in promoting social interaction within the community? The principal tasks of this thesis are as follows: (1) an in-depth examination of the impact of shared transitional spaces on the overall design of community activity centers, (2) a discussion of transitional spaces in community centers in terms of the functional efficiency of these centers and the interactive experience of users, and (3) articulation of principles and recommendations for the design of transitional spaces in community centers. Overall, this thesis argues that, by designing efficient and user-friendly shared transitional spaces, architects can better serve the community and its users, and foster a closer connection between architecture, people, and communities
Keywords: Community Centers; Social Interaction; Social Space; Theses and Dissertations Master of Architecture (MARCH); Transitional Spaces; University of Saint Joseph