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Environmental education (EE) has long been practiced worldwide, while Nature-based solutions (NBS) is a relatively new concept. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the EE and NBS practices in East Asia and evaluate how these two valuable applications can be used concurrently. East Asia has a well developed environmental education (EE) programs and activities, both in formal and informal education. These ranges from developing green schools and campuses to establishing policies and acts. While EE has been actively practiced for decades in the region, the adoption of NBS to address environmental and societal challenges is limited. The educational benefits and opportunities from NBS are also lacking. Although there are some projects that can be classified as NBS, like the use of wetlands for wastewater treatment, they are not clearly categorized as one. These projects are also not integrated into environmental education programs. Considering this, the region should develop innovative environmental education programs for schools, universities and communities, that integrate NBS projects. Integrating the two together will boost the effectiveness of environmental education in raising environmental awareness and changing the environmental attitude and behavior of people, which will also help address societal issues.
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Mangrove forests are one of the most ecologically valuable ecosystems in the world and provide a wide variety of ecosystem services to coastal communities, including cities. Macao, a highly urbanized coastal city located on the southern coast of China west of the Pearl River, is home to several species of mangroves with many associated flora and fauna. Mangrove forests in Macao are vulnerable to threats due to pressure from rapid and massive urban developments in the area, which led to mangrove loss in the past decades. To address this issue, the local authorities established special Ecological Zones for the management of the local mangroves. To reinforce local conservation efforts, educating the local population about the value of mangroves, especially school students, is of utmost importance. To evaluate the impact of environmental education activities on the environmental orientation, knowledge, and values of students toward mangrove conservation in Macao, a quasi-experimental study was undertaken. The effectiveness of a mangroves exhibition and field visit were evaluated using the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale—Macao version in a group of local school students who participated in the activities. Overall, the results provided consistently positive evaluations of the impact of the environmental education program. The strongest improvements were found in the students’ pro-environmental orientations, knowledge about mangroves, and value for environmental protection.
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As the rate of change increases exponentially, organizations must adapt quickly to the business landscape's volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). As a result, organizations must implement agile strategies and practices to ensure their responsiveness and readiness to any changes brought about by internal or external factors. With a greater number of changes, change agents are tasked with implementing various change management methodologies to ensure that change recipients accept change initiatives. This research will look at one of the methodologies used by change agents, the use of nudges from Thaler and Sunstein's Nudge Theory, which is a subtle intervention to influence an individual's decision-making with the goal of steering them towards a specific desired outcome; and analyze their effectiveness towards the change recipients when implemented. Change agents were interviewed on the application of Nudge Theory to change recipients when managing to change initiatives within their respective organizations. The results indicate that the use of nudges created by the change agents can significantly impact the level of resistance from the change recipients. If used correctly, the Nudge Theory can mitigate change resistance, and the success of a change initiative is higher. But, if change recipients are forced to comply, their resistance will be greater, affecting the organization overall.
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