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It has become increasingly clear that the early use of decomposition for addition is associated with later mathematical achievement. This study examined how younger children execute a base-10 decomposition strategy to solve complex arithmetic (e.g. two-digit addition). 24 addition problems in two modalities (WA: Written Arithmetic; OA: Oral Arithmetic) with sums less than 100 were administered to 22 Japanese and 22 Singaporean 6-year-old kindergarteners. Our findings reveal that they were able to solve complex addition. For instance, Japanese kindergarteners tended to solve complex arithmetic using base-10 decomposition across the modality, whereas Singaporean kindergarteners used standard algorithms and basic counting to solve complex WA and OA problems, respectively. We speculate that Japanese kindergarteners might have a clearer understanding of the base-10 concept and were able to use this knowledge more readily than Singaporean kindergarteners. Mathematical experiences in kindergarten and number-naming systems have been put forward as two of the crucial contributors for such cross-cultural differences. This study also provides new directions for future research on the understanding of the base-10 concept and its application among young children.
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Using Habermas’s theory of communicative action, this study explores the educational visions held by a multi-cultural class of students enrolled in a teacher preparation programme set in a culturally and linguistic diverse urban environment with a recent history of colonialism. The purpose of the study was to analyse the educational and teaching visions put forward by student teachers in an essay during the course “Principles of Education,” which took place in the 2013–2014 academic year and to determine whether the variation in respondents’ vision statements was related to the students’ cultural backgrounds. The students’ awareness of the instructor’s grading role may have influenced the content of their vision statements, and thus Habermas’s theory of communicative action was selected as it allows one to focus on both the content and the process of communicative interaction. The current qualitative research presents data from twenty Macau-Chinese and twenty non-Chinese overseas students. Their visions for education and teaching were examined along the lines of culture. The findings revealed that the idealised representations of what education and teaching is, does and symbolise, varies along culture lines. Since urban educational environments are growing culturally diverse, it is recommended that additional attention be given to cultural awareness in teacher education programmes.
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The following study reflects and explores the dynamics of aesthetic experiences within drama improvisations. This arts-based research was carried out in Hong Kong with six Cantonese children who were aged 3?5?years. Data were collected from the video transcripts of five workshops and the researcher?s own research journal. Two significant milieus were observed: switching in-between roles and intuitive creativity is not talkback. I argue that because each of these two milieus provide the foreground for the complex ? and at times contradictory ? nature of children?s aesthetic experiences where Deleuzian power is at play, opportunities arise for both, challenging the traditional adult?child power relations, and in so doing, educators can be able to reconfigure and reconceptualise teaching goals and practices, both generally and specifically, within the context of early childhood education.
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