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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a public health emergency happening worldwide. It brought tremendous impacts to the global economy and people’s mental health (Jiaqi Xiong et al., 2020). Many people suffered physically and psychologically with the sudden arrival of COVID-19. Among the different age groups, studies identified that undergraduate students as a vulnerable group with a higher risk of mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety (Silva et al., 2022; King et al., 2022; Mansor & Ahmad, 2022). This qualitative study collected data from six focus group interviews with undergraduate students studying in Macao. Thematic analysis was used to understand the COVID-19 impact on students' mental well-being and coping strategies, as well as to explore the protective and risk factors that contribute to students’ mental well-being in the local context of Macao. Results showed four themes with 15 contributory sub-themes: COVID-19’s impact on students’ mental well-being, key impacting sources, coping strategies, and risk and protective factors. This study provides a picture of the mental health condition of undergraduate students during the zero-COVID period in Macao and raises an urgent call for extra attention to university students’ mental health during crises, showing the social and mental needs of undergraduates. This research also uniquely contributes insight into how the dysfunctionality of families could be a significant risk factor for students’ mental health during the crisis, which is rarely found in other COVID-19 studies. This research suggests a promotion of future programs or workshops that would strengthen and benefits students’ relationship with their family. Future research could explore the family function in Macao and its relationship with students’ mental well-being

The current study aimed to analyse the differences in the internalising problems including anxious/depressed, withdrawn-depressed and somatic complaints, from the perspective of parents and high school students. Considering varying levels of academic achievement. Additionally, the gender differences in the level of internalising problems will also be examined. Finally, we analysed the different perspectives of parents and high school students according to internalising problems. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) was used for data collection in Macao. The sample consisted of 698 high school students (316 males and 382 females). There were no significant differences in internalising problems according to three levels of academic achievement (low, average and high) from the perspective of parents and high school students. Furthermore, from the high school students' perspectives, adolescent females present more interesting problems than males. Finally, the findings indicate a low agreement between parents and students concerning internalising problems. It is suggested that parents should learn and explore different parenting styles in order to reduce their children's internalising problems.

The gaming industry has always been the leading sector in Macau and is one of the main occupations in the region. In 2023, gaming employees accounted for 18.2% of the total employment in Macau, making them a significant portion of the workforce. Research shows that gaming employees experience high levels of work stress, which can directly affect occupational fatigue and may also trigger anxiety and depression. Workplace fatigue and emotional health not only impact individual physical and psychological well-being but also affect their families, work, and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, the emotional health and workplace fatigue of gaming employees deserve public attention. This study aims to explore the work adjustment measures, stress coping methods, emotional health, workplace fatigue, and their relationships among gaming employees. The research focuses on Macau’s gaming employees, employing a quantitative approach. Using non-random sampling, electronic questionnaires were sent to managers of Macau's six major gaming companies from October to December 2023, ultimately collecting 563 valid responses, with males accounting for 45.6% and females for 54.4%. The study utilized SPSS 23 statistical software for quantitative analysis, first conducting descriptive statistics, followed by independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and finally Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analysis. The study found differences in coping methods based on gender, age, education level, marital status, shift patterns, and monthly salary among gaming employees. Differences in workplace fatigue were found related to gender, age, education level, marital status, living conditions, years of work experience, job position, and monthly salary. Age, education level, and marital status also showed differences in emotional health. In terms of work adjustments, 67.1% of respondents took parental leave, followed by 54.2% who took unpaid leave, and 9.8% who were transferred. The average score for personal fatigue was 40.90 ± 23.125, while the average score for work fatigue was 40.62 ± 21.405, followed by client-related fatigue at 36.65 ± 21.056, and work over-involvement at 24.22 ± 18.987. The average score for depression was 10.60 ± 8.974, indicating mild to moderate levels; anxiety had an average score of 11.26 ± 8.567, indicating moderate to severe levels; and stress averaged 9.96 ± 8.418, falling within the normal to mild range. Among the respondents, 33.9% exhibited severe to very severe anxiety symptoms, while 16% showed severe to very severe depression symptoms. We also found a positive correlation between workplace fatigue and emotional health among gaming employees: the higher the level of workplace fatigue, the poorer the emotional health, and vice versa. There was no correlation between work adjustment measures and workplace fatigue. However, work adjustment measures were related to emotional health and could predict it, with more adjustments correlating to better emotional health. Finally, in terms of stress coping, the use of emotional expression methods showed a negative correlation with emotional health and workplace fatigue, indicating that the more these methods were employed, the better the emotional health and the lower the workplace fatigue. Leisure activities and online gambling categories can reduce both personal and work-related fatigue. However, online gambling and physical gambling can increase symptoms of depression and anxiety among gaming employees, while online gambling can also increase stress symptoms. The study recommends that gaming companies and relevant departments provide on-the-job training for employees, enhance skills to cope with stress, establish mental health indicators, and regularly evaluate employees to implement individualized measures aimed at improving workplace fatigue and emotional health. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for policymakers and the management of gaming establishments in Macau to formulate relevant policies to reduce workplace fatigue among gaming employees and improve their emotional health, thereby enhancing their working environment and career development. 博彩業一直是澳門的龍頭產業，是澳門主要的職業行業之一， 2023年博彩從業員佔澳門就業人數18.2%，是澳門主要的就業勞動人口。研究顯示博彩從業員的工作壓力很大，而工作壓力會直接影響職業疲勞，也可能引發焦慮和抑鬱。職場疲勞和情緒健康不但影響個人生理和心理問題，還會影響其家庭和工作，以及人際關係，因此，他們的情緒健康和職場疲勞值得社會大眾關注。 本研究旨在探討博彩從業員工作調整措施，壓力應對方法、情緒健康、職場疲勞以及它們的相關性。研究以澳門博彩從業員為研究對象，採用量化方式進行，以非隨機抽樣方法，在2023年10月至12月向澳門六大博企管理人員發送電子問卷，最終回收問卷563份，男性佔45.6%，女性佔54.4%。研究使用SPSS 23 統計軟件進行量化分析，資料首先作描述性統計分析、再以獨立樣本t檢定、其次以單因數變異數（ANOVA）、最後以Pearson相關係數和迴歸分析檢定數據。 研究發現，博彩從業員的性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、輪班模式和每月薪酬與壓力應對方法呈現差異。性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、居住狀況、工作年資、工作職位和每月薪酬與職場疲勞有差異。年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況與情緒健康有差異。博彩從業員在工作調整上，放親子假最多佔67.1%，其次放無薪假佔54.2%，被調職佔9.8%。個人疲勞平均數為40.90±23.125分及工作疲勞平均數40.62±21.405分最高，其次是服務對象疲勞平均數為36.65±21.056分，工作過度投入平均數為24.22±18.987分。抑鬱平均數為10.60±8.974分屬於輕度至中度水平；焦慮平均數為11.26±8.567分，屬於中度至重度水平；壓力平均數為9.96±8.418分，屬於正常至輕度範圍。當中有33.9%的人士的焦慮徵狀顯示出嚴重和非常嚴重程度，而有16%的受訪者的抑鬱徵狀呈現嚴重和非常嚴重程度。我們還發現，博彩從業員的職場疲勞與情緒健康存在正相關，職場疲勞程度越高，情緒健康越差，反之亦然。工作調整措施與職場疲勞沒有相關性。然而工作調整措施與情緒健康存在關係，並可以預測情緒健康，工作調整越多，情緒健康越好。最後，在壓力應對上，傾訴類別與情緒健康和職場疲勞呈現負相關，並有預測效果，亦即傾訴類別使用的方法得分越多，情緒健康越好，職場疲勞也越低。休閒類別和網上博彩類別能減低個人和工作疲勞。網上博彩類別、實體博彩類別會增加博彩從業員的抑鬱、焦慮徵狀，而網上博彩類別會增加壓力徵狀。研究建議博企及相關部門為員工提供在職培訓，加強技能應對壓力，制定精神健康指標並定期為員工評估，因應個別化推出措施，改善職場疲勞和情緒健康。 本研究的結果能為政策制定者和澳門幸運博彩娛樂場管理部門提供有價值的見解，制定相關政策，以減低博彩從業員的職場疲勞和改善他們的情緒健康，改善他們的工作環境和職業發展。

The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between perceived organisational support and co-worker support, with turnover intentions, and the role of perceived job alternatives. Turnover intentions have been a global issue for employers. In this study, we would like to investigate whether the previous global findings could also be applied in Macao. Although some similar researches were conducted in Macau, it’s not exactly the same as ours. We would like to further focus on the front-line and non-frontline group. A quantitative methodology was applied using a cross-sectional design through an online questionnaire disseminated via social media and completed by 339 full-time workers in Macao. We found that only perceived organisational support, not co-worker support, showed a negative relationship on turnover intentions. the effect seems weak for the general sample but stronger for non-frontline workers. Concerning the moderating effect of perceived job alternatives, the analysis confirmed a significant interaction to predict turnover intentions. We discussed that employees may feel trapped in their current positions due to limited job prospects elsewhere. However, employees who perceive high levels of organisational support are more likely to remain loyal and engaged even when external alternatives are scarce. Practical implications include that it might be beneficial for both employees and organisations if organisations in Macao could develop effective human resources policies and retention strategies to enhance employee retention and mitigate the negative consequences of turnover. In this study, we confirmed a negative relationship between POS and turnover intentions, but still, the effect seems weak. The effect of POS on turnover intentions seems much stronger for non-frontline employees. We confirmed co-worker support had a negative correlation with turnover intentions, which was not enough to predict turnover simply based on co-worker support. Moreover, Perceived job alternatives are confirmed to have significant interaction with POS but non-significant interaction with co-worker support on turnover intentions

In Macau, gaming is a pillar industry. The job performance of the employees is a determining factor for gaming and integrated resorts’ ability to improve their competitiveness in an evolving environment. Therefore, organizational behavior is an important topic for gaming and integrated resorts. In view of social exchange theory, this study takes the employees of the six gaming and integrated resorts in Macau as sampling. The study would be overviewing how psychological contract fulfillment affects their organizational citizenship behavior in the organization, and relationship between work engagement and their abusive supervision in the six gaming and integrated resorts employees in the Macau gaming and related industry. This study takes psychological contract fulfillment as the independent variable, organizational citizenship behavior as the dependent variable, work engagement as the mediating variable, abusive supervision as the moderating variable. Data was collected through random online questionnaire research method and 257 valid questionnaires were obtained. SPSS statistical software applied for reliability and validity analysis, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The conclusions are listed in following: (1) Psychological contract fulfillment has a partial positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior ; (2) Psychological contract fulfillment has a partial positive impact on work engagement; (3) Work engagement has a positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior; (4) Work engagement has a positive mediating effect between psychological contract fulfillment and organizational citizenship behavior; (5) Abusive supervision has no moderating effect between psychological contract fulfillment and work engagement; (6) Abusive supervision has no moderating effect between work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior

The Macau six gaming concessionaires are encouraged to diversify their business activities beyond the gaming sector to promote a more balanced economy in Macau. It is worth noting that a substantial portion of the workforce within these organizations is employed in non-gaming sectors. Unlike previous studies that primarily concentrated on the gaming sector, this study aims to assess the extent of work engagement among all employees, encompassing both gaming and non-gaming employees, within the six gaming concessionaires of Macau. It also aims to explore the correlation between organizational culture and work engagement, as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction in this relationship. The survey design utilized convenience and referral sampling methods to select the sample. A quantitative approach was employed, and data was collected through an online self-response questionnaire with a total of 396 participants. The study findings reveal a positive correlation among all variables, with a particularly strong relationship observed between supportive organizational culture and various aspects of work engagement. Notably, the mediating variable of job satisfaction, specifically the nature of work, had a more significant impact than the direct effect of organizational culture on emotional and physical work engagement. These findings suggest that organizations should prioritize the development of a supportive organizational culture to enhance work engagement. Furthermore, it is crucial to provide employees with motivating and meaningful work that gives them a sense of accomplishment upon completion. Future studies could explore the relationship between organizational culture and work engagement by examining two distinct employee groups, such as local employees and expatriates

In many studies of social workers, topics such as burnout and job satisfaction are relatively frequently studied and discussed. There are even fewer relevant studies on social workers in Macau. Therefore, research on self-efficacy, burnout, and job satisfaction among social workers in Macau will be a relatively new research topic. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether and to what extent job burnout mediates the effects of self-efficacy and job satisfaction. We explored the relationships between: (1) the positive relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction; (2) the negative relationship between self-efficacy and burnout; (3) the negative relationship between burnout and job satisfaction; and (4) burnout has a mediation effect in the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Quantitative and cross-sectional design research was applied by using an online self-response survey (N = 100), conducted using a snowball sampling technique among Macau's full-time social workers. Results from simple linear regression showed that the findings demonstrate significant results on the relationship between social workers' self-efficacy, burnout, and job satisfaction in Macau. Overall burnout had a significant negative prediction towards overall self-efficacy (r = -.47, p <.001); overall self-efficacy can significantly positive predict overall job satisfaction (r =.31, p <.01); Burnout can significantly negatively predict job satisfaction (r = -.43, p <.001), so multiple linear regression analysis was performed. The results showed that when burnout was used as one of the predictors, although burnout had a significant negative prediction on job satisfaction, burnout had a significant negative impact on self-efficacy and job satisfaction. The relationship between them has a very complete mediating effect. This means that the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction is fully mediated by burnout. If corresponding resource policies and strategies are developed to improve social workers' self-efficacy, thereby reducing burnout and improving job satisfaction, this may be beneficial to both employees and organizations. Our study contributes to the direction in which positive expectations influence individual turnover intentions of Macau social workers. This study has theoretical implications for organizations and employees, and future research should continue to explore suggestions such as the limits and causal relationships of self-efficacy to help policymakers develop strategies to reduce social worker turnover.

This research explores the dynamics of stress and social support among professionals in Macao's gambling industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic impact of the pandemic, coupled with the border restrictions, has severely affected Macao's gaming industry, leading to a 70% decrease in gaming revenue and a significant increase in unemployment rates among residents. As a result, many employees have faced downsizing or unpaid leave, posing significant challenges to their daily lives and raising concerns about mental health within the community. To gain a deeper understanding of these changes and the experiences of residents, this research utilized phenomenology as the methodology, employing qualitative interviews. During the recruitment of interviewees, three scales (PSS, MSPSS, and DASS21) were used as screening tools to assess the mental status of participants, allowing for the identification of various combinations of mental states. Through in-depth interviews, significant findings emerged. It was observed that interventions aimed at enhancing social support had a remarkable impact on reducing daily life stress among the interviewees. This included interventions focused on marital relationships, digital communication support, and positive personal beliefs with encouragement. In conclusion, by recognizing and proactively responding to these insights, the industry can create an ecosystem where professionals not only achieve professional excellence but also maintain robust mental and emotional well-being. Future studies should focus on developing holistic support systems within the gaming industry

The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between empathy, love maintenance behaviors, relationship satisfaction in a convenience sample of young adult lovers in Macau. Participants were N = 183 (84 males, 99 females) recruited from the social media platform (e.g. Instagram, WeChat, Facebook). Firstly, young adult lovers who tended to have high relationship satisfaction and empathy are tended to use positive love maintenance behaviors but less likely to use negative love maintenance behaviors. Besides, there were differences found by gender in empathy (affective empathy & total empathy), some dimensions of positive love maintenance behaviors (openness & advice), and negative love maintenance behaviors (causing jealousy, destructive conflict & negative love maintenance behaviors in general). Lastly, the findings in this study supported the hypotheses that love maintenance behaviors mediated the relationship between relationship satisfaction and empathy among young adult lovers in Macau. It was revealed that there was higher satisfaction in younger adult lovers in younger group (18-24 years) compared to older groups (32-40 years). For empathy, it correlated positively with relationship satisfaction and most positive love maintenance behaviors, but also with certain negative love maintenance behaviors. Positive love maintenance behaviors mediate the relationship between relationship satisfaction and empathy, highlighting their critical role in maintaining healthy relationships

The present study aimed to analyse the differences in the internalising problems (anxiety, depression, somatic complaints), assessed by different informants (teachers and students), according to the level of academic achievement and school adaptation level in secondary students. Furthermore, we examine the gender difference in the level of internalising symptoms. Finally, we analyzed the differences between teacher-rated and adolescents' self-reported internalising symptoms. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) was used for collecting informants’ data. The sample consisted of 882 secondary students (349 males and 473 females), while 50 came from public schools and 772 from private schools. No significant differences are found in internalising problems according to the level of academic achievement from both teachers’ and students’ perspectives. Generally, students who are well-adapted to the school context have the least symptoms of internalising problems compared to average and less-adapted groups from the teachers' perspective. In addition, from students’ perspectives, adolescent females present more internalising problems than males. Finally, teachers rated fewer internalising problems when compared to the students. In conclusion, the low level of awareness of teachers towards the internalising problems of students arouse attention. It is suggested that teachers should attend professional development programs in order to address to students’ internalising problems

School-age children and adolescents face several psychological conditions frequently associated with negative consequences on behavioral and mental problems. Their level of mental resilience may affect their responses to academic or interpersonal issues and coping with challenges, which in turn affects their mental health. This study aims to characterize the current status of the psychopathology and resilience of secondary students and to analyze the relationship between psychopathology and resilience in a sample of 80 girls aged 12–18 was selected by cluster sampling from one private secondary school with six grades in Macao. In this study, we used the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) to assess behavioral and emotional problems and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents to assess resilience. A total of 78 valid questionnaires were obtained for CBCL, 78 for TRF, 80 for YSR, and 77 for Resilience Scale and data were analyzed by using SPSS. The results reveal that clinical prevalence of Total Problems (YSR, 27.5% > CBCL, 19.2% > TRF, 15.4%) and Internalizing Problems (YSR, 22.5% > CBCL, 17.9% > TRF, 11.5%) from the perspective of adolescents was higher than that from the perspectives of parents and teachers. Senior students exhibited higher frequency on the borderline clinical range than Junior students. (χ2(2, N=80) =14.56, p<.001). The average score of resilience is 3.24±0.51, which is above the middle level. Regarding the YSR scale and Resilience scale, we found that the score of Affect Control is significantly negatively correlated with the score of Internalizing Problems (r = -.354, p<.01). Family Support is also significantly negatively correlated with the score of Internalizing Problems (r = -.302, p<.01). Good affect control and family support can reduce various emotional and behavioral problems. The results of the study found the resilience level can negatively affect internalizing problem behaviors and externalizing problem behaviors. The results are promising and can give clues for preventing and promoting measures regarding mental health issues to both family and school education contexts, as creating a sustainable development strategy of improving adolescents’ mental resilience quality

The insurance companies in Macau are potentially facing a crisis of high turnover rates, exacerbated by the limited studies conducted on the insurance industry to address this issue, as the gaming and travel industries are currently experiencing a significant demand for human resources due to economic recovery. In light of this, a study was conducted to better understand the attitudes of 105 currently employed insurance agents in Macau insurance companies, specifically their commitment and thoughts of staying or leaving their employers. The study examined several independent variables (distributive justice, perceived organizational support (POS), job satisfaction, and caring climate) in relation to insurance agents’ turnover intention and the role of affective commitment. The aim was to determine the association between these variables and turnover intentions among insurance agents. The snowballing methodology was employed to effectively engage with the insurance agents and gain insights into their perspectives. The results of the statistical analysis revealed positive correlations between all independent variables and affective commitment. Job satisfaction and POS were identified as strong positive predictors. Additionally, mediated regression analyses demonstrated that affective commitment significantly mediated the relationship between all independent variables and turnover intention. Finally, the study provides implications for insurance company management to address and reduce the high turnover rate. Furthermore, the importance of future orientation is further discussed

This study aims to investigate gender-differentiated parenting and the factors that affect parent-adolescent relationships in Macao families. The study will address the following research questions: A) Does gender-differentiated parenting exist in Macao families? B) How does the academic level of parents relate to conflict resolution and acceptance levels? C) How does the length of time parents have lived together relate to conflict resolution and acceptance levels? D) How does the sibling position of adolescents relate to conflict resolution and acceptance levels? The study employed a quantitative research approach with a purposive and convenient sample of parents with children aged between 12 to 18 years old in Macao. The data were collected using the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire—Revised-Parent version (PACHIQ-R-P) through a questionnaire survey from May to August 2022. Out of the 172 completed questionnaires, seven were invalid, resulting in 165 valid questionnaires. The findings showed that gender differentiation in parenting was confirmed, with significant results showing that fathers had lower acceptance and conflict resolution levels when their child was a boy. Mothers showed similar acceptance and conflict resolution levels regardless of their child's gender. Furthermore, the study found that parents' acceptance of their children was influenced by their academic level, length of time living together, and the child's sibling position. This study is the first of its kind in Macao and could provide valuable insights for family and adolescent services in the region

The purpose of the study was to explore the smoking behaviour of the smokers living in Macao. I was part of the 1st group of doctors to have chosen to initiate smoking cessation in Macau. In addition to my diverse academic background of study in laws- a dissertation about the effect of tobacco control program in Macao (submitted in 2011), a master in Public Administration, and five years of working experiences as an Inspector Assistant of tobacco, I had the conviction that I have to write to share my experience and knowledge about smoking cessation to contribute to the field of counselling and psychotherapy as there is little research data concerning smoking prevalence and demographics in Macao. This study consists of two parts – PART I presents the quantitative data collected by a questionnaire-survey over 1378 smokers and PART II qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 10 adult smokers to explore their experiences of smoking and smoking cessation in Macao. Quantitative data analysis was conducted with the SPSS, while qualitative analysis with coding and theme identification by following the grounded theory procedures. The study found that about 85% smoker surveyed consumed more than half a pack of cigarette per day and about 31% reported various symptoms like irritability, fatigue, loss of appetite and difficulties in concentration. The qualitative study has identified major positive factors related to initiation and maintenance of smoking cessation, namely health concerns, financial concerns and family support. Major negative factors related to relapse of smoking are peer influences, smoking of family members, and impacts of stressful life events. Based on findings of the study, it is argued that preventive anti-smoking education should be implemented among young people. Promotion of health education and preventive anti-smoking strategist and policy in Macao are discussed. The data collected indicate the fact that individuals who have pathologies of the cardiovascular system as a motivating factor for contemplating or taking actions for smoking cessation. Moreover, financial problems, gender (male predominantly), married with family support, higher educational level, without psychological diseases, better economic status, lower nicotine dependent are predictors to success in quit smoking. It also raises the possible need to deepen some evaluation parameters hither to be only superficially addressed. Therefore, and by limitations inherent to the study, this hypothesis needs further investigation. I argue that non-pharmacological treatment methods alone have proven to be effective in the smoking cessation process. However, it is argued that this combined with pharmacological therapy, in particular in specialized consultations, would be more effective and capable in increasing success rates in smoking cessation

"In 2021/2022 academic year, there are 2,244 SEN students in Macau and its growth rate is 36% in ten years. However, at the present, there are 38 schools providing the related education to them. Admittedly, this is an unbalanced supply and demand. In fact, the teachers who work at inclusive education schools are bearing all responsibility to teach SEN students and their mental health is worth to attention. Moreover, there are 1,224 SEN students in primary (2021/2022 academic year), it accounting for 55% of all. That is, the numbers of their teachers are the most and they are representative. Therefore, exploring primary teachers’ burnout at inclusive education schools becomes the topic of this study, even more important, it is including to compare normal and resource teachers. This topic is rarer currently in Macau. On the one hand, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and (reduced) personal accomplishment are dimensions of burnout (Maslach et al., 1996). These become the dependent variables of this study. According Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) and the factors of self-efficacy in inclusive education (Sharma et al., 2012), the following hypotheses are provided to guide this study: (1) normal teachers’ emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment are higher than those in resource teachers; (2) teachers’ attitudes into inclusive education, (3) teachers’ self-efficacy to use inclusive instruction (SEII), (4) teachers’ self-efficacy in collaboration (SEC) and (5) teachers’ self-efficacy in v managing behavior (SEMB) both are negatively related to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment; (6) teachers’ stress of Covid19 is positively related to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. On the other hand, quantitative methodology, and snowball sampling are used in this research. At last, 132 responds are collected, including 100 normal teachers and 32 resource teachers. They are from 48 inclusive education schools in Macau. All data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0. The results of this study are followed: (1) teachers’ emotional exhaustion level is middle, their depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment levels both are low; (2) resource teachers’ emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are higher than normal teachers; (3) teachers’ attitudes into inclusive education negatively related to depersonalization but positively related to reduced personal accomplishment; (4) in the factors of self-efficacy, only SEII is negatively related to reduced personal accomplishment; (5) teachers’ stress of Covid-19 is positively related to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment."

This study examined the relationships between organizational justice, job satisfaction, and subjective well-being of medical doctors and nurses in Macao. It applied a quantitative methodology through a cross-sectional applying self-response questionnaires to 149 healthcare workers. Consistent with the group-engagement model (Tyler & Blader, 2003), findings indicate that organisational justice and job satisfaction improve subjective well-being. Yet, inconsistent with the model and our hypotheses, organizational justice did not affect work satisfaction. Finally, nurses experienced less positive justice perceptions than doctors. The study provides insights into the relationship between organizational justice, job satisfaction, and subjective well-being among healthcare professionals, which might help enhance working conditions. Healthcare organizations should prioritize promoting job satisfaction and justice perceptions to increase healthcare personnel's subjective well-being. The cross-sectional design limits causal inferences about variable relationships, and the self-reported data may have social desirability or response biases. Still, the originality and value of this paper lie in its contribution to the literature on the well-being of healthcare workers, particularly in the unique context of Macao. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Macao to examine the relationship between organizational justice, job satisfaction, and subjective well-being among healthcare workers

The aim of this research is to investigate how power distance orientation effects the relationship between perceptions of organisational politics and perceptions of organisational justice. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 full time workers in Macau, where respondents self-responded to questionnaires that were translated back-to-back into Chinese in order to accommodate the populations native language. This study found that power distance was contrary to our initial hypothesis of high-power distance equals to high politics and low justice. It was found that high power distance in facts equates to lower political perceptions and higher justice perceptions. This study contributes to understanding power distance in Macau as it is not noted in the Hofstede cultural dimensions. We also learned that having a longer distance between a position of power can contribute to less political activity and more sense of justice for the employees

There are gaps in the research on gender differences and parental participation and the interaction between gender and parental participation in non-Western cultural contexts, particularly the Macao context. The current study aims to fill these gaps by examining gender and parental participation (i.e., father only, mother only, or both) differences and interactions in externalizing behaviour (oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder) during late childhood and adolescence (i.e., from age 10 to 18) in Macao. The methodological approach for the current study was a cross-sectional design with a quantitative methodology based on self-rated questionnaires. In certain items, we did discover gender differences. More boys than girls appeared to concur that they occasionally misbehave at school or start fires. And it appeared that girls were more likely than boys to concur that they occasionally exhibit unexpected mood or emotion changes and strong tempers. The children in the groups where only the mother or father participated tended to agree more than they prefer to hang out with older kids than kids their own age. This is in contrast to the group with more parental participation, which is represented by both parents submitting the questionnaire. Although none of the hypotheses proposed were supported, our outcomes implied culture and subculture may play important roles on youths’ externalizing behaviour

"This study explored the relationships of work-life balance and turnover intentions of full-time employees in Macao, and role of gender, parenting, and elderly care. Namely: (1) What is the relationship between work-life balance perceptions and turnover intentions? (2) What is the moderating role of gender in the relationship between work-life balance perceptions and turnover intentions? (3) What is the moderating role of parenting (i.e., having children or not) in the relationship between work-life balance perceptions and turnover intentions? And, (4) what is the moderating role of care for elderly family members (i.e., having to provide care or not) in the relationship between work-life balance perceptions and turnover intentions?"