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With the continuous reform of education and the ongoing development of teaching methods by the Macao government, the teaching model of biology is also constantly evolving. The “5E” instructional model, proposed and developed by the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) in the United States, consists of a learning cycle divided into five phases: Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration, and Evaluation. Each phase begins with the letter “E,” hence it named as the 5E teaching model. This model is currently widely applied in inquiry-based teaching across multiple countries. This article is a research study on practical teaching, where the researcher attempts to integrate information technology with the 5E learining method in an 8th Grade biology class. The aim is to explore whether the learning attitudes and academic performance of middle school students can be enhanced in the context of the 21st century. The focus of this study is on the chapter about the “Immune System,” selecting two parallel classes of 8th Grade students from a secondary school in Macao as research subjects. One class uses the 5E model, while the other teaching with traditional lecturing methods. Through Document Analysis, equivalent-group design, and questionnaire surveys and lesson plan based on 5E model, statistical software SPSS 22 is used to analyze the data regarding students’ biology learning attitudes and academic performance, thereby assessing the effectiveness of teaching using the 5E model and identifying issues encountered during the teaching process to provide targeted teaching strategies. The research findings indicate: (1) There is no significant difference in the learning attitudes and performance of students in the experimental class compared to the control class regarding the immune system unit. (2) There is no significant difference in the learning attitudes and performance of students in the experimental class before and after receiving 5E teaching. (3) For students with average academic performance, the experimental class shows significant differences in learning interest and strategies compared to the control class after undergoing 5E teaching. (4) Among students with average academic performance in the experimental group, there is a significant difference in learning interest after 5E teaching compared to before. (5) Students express high satisfaction with the teacher’s integration of information technology into the 5E teaching model, which can stimulate their interest in learning natural sciences.

Today, social media has become one of the main marketing strategies used by marketers and practitioners to target travelers from all over the world. Macau is a city that relies heavily on tourism for economic development, however, little is known about how social media affects tourists’ choices to travel to Macau. This study explores the role of the popular social media platform Xiaohongshu in influencing Chinese tourists’ travel decisions and information acquisition when visiting Macau. This article uses qualitative research methods to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 participants. Research shows travelers rely on Xiaohongshu’s user-generated content and detailed guides. Food, route selection and itinerary arrangements, and short-term itinerary arrangements are the most frequently mentioned search tags by travelers. The platform’s personalized recommendations and efficient content presentation enhance the user experience, but concerns about content credibility remain, especially the potential for commercial bias in food recommendations. Travelers assess the credibility of content through a variety of strategies, including looking at multiple posts, evaluating user interactions, and the platform’s IP address display capabilities. Although travelers pay more attention to positive reviews when deciding to travel to Macau, users also consider travel pitfalls posts to improve their travel experience. In addition, travelers are less willing to share content on the Xiaohongshu platform after the trip, which is attributed to personal habits and perceived creativity complexity. The research results provide relevant practitioners with the perspectives and decision-making behaviors of Chinese travelers who use Xiaohongshu when making itineraries to Macau, and provide guidance for their marketing strategies.

Since the advent of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies have emerged as a transformative financial technology. Over the years, blockchain has provided decentralised and secure transaction methods that have become increasingly attractive to individuals and businesses, leading to their rapid global adoption driven by consumer preferences and the growing digitalisation of the financial system. This dissertation examines the factors influencing the widespread acceptance of cryptocurrencies, including their potential for the financial market, the impact of regulatory frameworks, and the role of blockchain technology. The research questions are: (RQ1) What is the degree of adoption of cryptocurrencies in different countries and regions (RQ2) What are the factors that influence the adoption of cryptocurrencies in different countries or regions as identified in extant research? (RQ3) What are the implications for countries or regions that have not adopted cryptocurrencies? This study analyses 108 documents, including university academic papers, financial report articles, etc. The analytical tools include automatic coding, manual coding, word cloud, word frequency table, cluster analysis, hierarchical chart in NVivo, followed by a thematic network analysis. Six keywords, ‘bitcoin’, ‘blockchain’, ‘financial’, and ‘market’ have the highest frequency. This study also analyse different regions with different degrees of cryptocurrency adoption separately: countries where cryptocurrencies are legal, countries that use Bitcoin as a legal tender, and countries that ban cryptocurrencies. The thematic network model indicates that while cryptocurrencies offer significant opportunities for innovation and economic growth, social awareness, government institutions, technology, security, price value, and individual consumer factors are critical to addressing inherent challenges and fostering a stable adoption environment. For non-cryptocurrency regions, rethinking their stance on cryptocurrencies is key to avoiding derailing world financial markets.

This study employs qualitative research methods, conducting semi-structured interviews with ten kindergarten teachers in Macao. The study further analyses and summarises the participants' perceptions of music teaching, music curriculum design, teaching practices, practical challenges, and the support needed to develop music education. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. The study explores kindergarten teachers' perceptions and attitudes towards music teaching, revealing that all participants recognise the importance of fundamental music knowledge and skills, although there is a noticeable variation in the music proficiency level among teachers. A solid foundation in music is essential for delivering high-quality music instruction. Further to professional skills, teachers' attitudes towards music teaching also vary. While most participants are passionate about music education, some hold neutral or conservative views, and a few lack much interest. Their involvement in teaching is primarily driven by professional duties and school curriculum requirements, with some missing intrinsic motivation or enthusiasm for teaching music. Additionally, some teachers' limited interest in music teaching may be related to a lack of musical talent or confidence. 2. This study analyses the current state of music curriculum teaching in kindergartens. Most music instruction within kindergartens in Macao aligns with the guidelines provided by the Education and Youth Development Bureau, with two music classes arranged per week, each session lasting about 30 minutes. While thematic teaching is a significant model in kindergarten music curricula, over-reliance on it should be avoided. The study suggests that teachers should balance thematic teaching with systematically cultivating fundamental music knowledge and skills. Regarding staffing, music classes are typically co-taught by two classroom teachers, with one required to have instrumental skills. This arrangement supports more professional music instruction, enriches teaching content, and enhances children's musical experiences. However, challenges remain due to heavy teacher workloads and insufficient resources and facilities. Despite these limitations, kindergarten teachers in Macao continue to implement personalised teaching approaches and adopt diverse, innovative, and individualised teaching methods in their music curricula. The interviewed teachers demonstrated a broad and innovative approach to curriculum design and practice, reflecting their deep understanding and professional competence in early childhood music education. 3. Kindergarten teachers in Macao face various challenges in teaching music curricula, most due to the comprehensive and objective assessment of children's musical abilities. The study finds that teachers typically struggle to evaluate musical concepts, rhythm, creativity, interest, and engagement. Additionally, pronunciation accuracy and developmental differences among children are significant factors in the assessment process. 4. This study aims to delve into the challenges and needs faced by kindergarten teachers in music curriculum practice, particularly in music education. The findings indicate that the development of music education in kindergartens is influenced by multiple factors, with the level of importance and support given to music education by schools being a critical issue. Specifically, some participants noted that schools place limited emphasis on music education, prioritising core subjects such as language and English, while others reported that schools provide ample recognition and support for music education. This disparity leads to an imbalance in music teaching resources and environments, affecting teachers' ability to conduct music teaching activities effectively. While some schools place a high value on music education, overemphasising certain aspects of training may lead to an imbalanced development of music education. Furthermore, the study finds that kindergarten teachers have varying levels of musical background and teaching experience. Despite having a basic understanding of music, some teachers fall short in teaching methods and strategies, while others lack systematic music knowledge and skills. These differences in capability limit the quality of music instruction and hinder the comprehensive development of children's musical literacy. Finally, the researcher provides relevant recommendations based on these conclusions to guide future research. 本研究採用質性研究法,通過半結構訪談10位澳門幼稚園教師,並進一步加以分析與歸納探討了受訪者對音樂教學的認知、音樂課程設計、教學實況、實踐困境以及發展支持等方面的情況。研究結論如下： 1. 探討幼稚園教師對音樂教學的認知和態度,研究發現,所有受訪教師均認識到音樂基礎知識和技能的重要性,但教師之間的音樂技能水準存在一定差異。紮實的音樂基礎是開展高品質音樂教學的前提。除了專業技能外,教師對音樂教學的態度也有所不同,大部分受訪者對音樂教學充滿熱忱,但也有部分教師持中立或保守的態度,少數教師則缺乏興趣。他們參與教學主要是出於職責和學校課程安排,可能缺乏內在動力和熱情。此外,個別教師對音樂教學的興趣不足,這可能與其音樂天分不夠或自信心不足有關。 2. 本研究分析了幼稚園音樂課程的教學現狀。大多數澳門幼稚園的音樂教學安排符合教青局的指引,每週安排兩次音樂課,每節課時長約為30分鐘。雖然主題教學是幼稚園音樂課程的重要模式之一,但不宜過度依賴。研究指出,教師在進行主題教學的同時,應重視系統性培育音樂基礎知識和技能,並在兩者之間找出平衡。在教師配置方面,音樂課通常由兩位班主任共同執導,其中一位教師需具備樂器演奏能力,這樣的安排有助於提供更專業的音樂指導,豐富教學內容,並提升幼兒的音樂體驗。然而,問題在於教師的工作負擔較重,且在師資力量和教學設施等方面仍有不足。儘管面對環境的限制,澳門幼稚園教師仍靈活地開展自己的個性化教學,並在音樂課程中採用了多樣化、創新性和個性化的教學方法。受訪的幼稚園教師展現出了多元化、創新性的教學設計理念和實踐,充分體現了他們對幼兒音樂教育的深刻理解和專業素養。 3. 澳門的幼稚園教師在進行音樂課程教學時面臨多種挑戰,這些挑戰主要集中在如何全面且客觀地評估幼兒音樂能力。研究發現,教師們普遍在音樂概念、節奏感、創造力、興趣和參與度的評估方面遇到困難。此外,發音準確性和幼兒之間的發展差異也成為評估過程中的重要考慮因素。 4. 本研究旨在深入探討幼稚園教師在音樂課程實踐中面臨的挑戰與需求,尤其是在音樂教育方面。研究結果顯示,幼稚園的音樂教育發展受到多種因素的影響,其中學校對音樂教育的重視程度和支持力度的差異是關鍵問題之一。具體而言,有部分受訪者指出,學校對音樂教育的重視程度有限,更側重於語文、英語等主學科的教學；而另一些受訪者則表示,學校對音樂教育給予了充分的認可和支持。這種差異性導致了音樂教學資源和環境的不平衡,影響了教師開展音樂教學活動的能力和效果。 儘管一些學校非常重視音樂教育,但如果過度強調某一方面的培養,可能會導致音樂教育的發展失衡。此外,研究還發現,幼稚園教師的音樂專業背景和教學經驗存在較大差異,有些教師雖然具備音樂基礎,但教學方法和策略上有所欠佳,另一些教師缺乏系統的音樂知識和技能。這種能力上的差異不僅限制了音樂教學的品質,還阻礙了幼兒音樂素養的全面發展。最後,研究者依據上述結論據出相關建議,以提供給後續研究者為參考。

This thesis applied Henri Lefebvre's “Production of Space” to analyze two productions of marketspaces to understand the urbanization of Areia Preta (黑沙環) between 1970 and 1994. In the early 1920s through the 1980s, Areia Preta (黑沙環) underwent land reclamation and urbanization, but its development lagged behind other reclaimed areas. The government seemed to lack a clear development plan for Areia Preta (黑沙環) and instead used it as a reserve land for future city expansion. From the 1940s to the 1960s, large numbers of refugees and immigrants flooded into Macau, overwhelming the government's ability to properly settle the population. As a result, Areia Preta (黑沙環) became an agricultural area with informal settlements. In 1966, the government announced an Urbanization Plan for Areia Preta (黑沙環), but it was limited in scope and did not fully develop the area. Another wave of immigrants arrived in the late 1970s, further increasing the shanty settlements in Macau. It was not until 1985 that the government began establishing “economic housing” to settle the shanty area inhabitants, marking the start of Areia Preta (黑沙環) ’s transition from agricultural to urban residential development. As more immigrants settled in Areia Preta (黑沙環) in the late 1970s, informal marketspaces emerged organically, with hawkers and street vendors occupying public spaces. This led to issues around 5 traffic, hygiene, crime, and food safety. In 1986, the government formalized these informal markets by establishing designated hawker zones and registering vendors. The culmination of this process was the opening of Iao Hon Market in 1994, which combined the functions of a marketplace, park, and social facilities. This influenced the development of market buildings in Macau in the 21st century.

Macau, a Special Administrative Region of China, is an impressive destination known for its unique blend of Chinese and Portuguese influences. With a history dating back centuries, Macau’s architecture tells the story of its rich former times. In recent years, Macau has faced a growing challenge due to its status as an overpopulated city. With limited land resources and a rapidly increasing population, there is a critical need to create additional spaces that cater to the intellectual and cultural development of its residents. Due to the increasing demand on housing, most of the available land is currently occupied and in consequence of that, the government had no choice but to develop innovative and expanding solutions. They established a ‘’reclamation area”, which is a land built from scratch that has the purpose of relieving the tension of insufficient land with entertaining facilities that can gather and attract communities. On this dissertation will concentrate on the social-educational aspects of the new Zone A development. The libraries will act as a focal center for all future residents in zone A, The fact that libraries are changing and becoming more than just places for preserving books is a major problem. It is important to think of the library as a multifunctional place that can accommodate not just traditional study spaces but also collaborative work, the development of digital media, events, and social gatherings in response to the evolving demands of the community, above all, the library should be the center for all the community involvement. Also would be used as a prototype to test this new form of library that explores the benefits and feasibility of implementing additional libraries and unusual architectural spaces in Macau while integrating them with other recreational facilities. Macau, known for its thriving tourism and entertainment industry, currently faces a scarcity of public spaces that promote intellectual and leisure activities. This study investigates the potential advantages of the implementation of recreation facilities that have the potential to meet the diverse needs of the community. To conclude, the implementation of more recreational facilities within libraries in Macau holds significant benefits for both residents and tourists. By combining these two elements, libraries can evolve into dynamic community hubs that fulfil a wide range of needs and interests.

This study explores the attitudes of resource teachers toward IEPs, identifies the challenges and facilitators that influence their implementation and the overall effectiveness of inclusive education practices in Macau. The findings of the study revealed resource teachers play a pivotal role in establishing and implementing IEP for students with special educational needs. Nevertheless, it is discovered that there is little significance of IEP for catering the needs of students with SEN in the actual inclusive educational environment despite the fact that most teachers recognize the importance of IEP. Findings also revealed that the current IEP is often seen as a limited reference tool, lacking practical application in the classroom. The absence of progress monitoring and effective evaluation negatively impacts the value of the IEP. Teachers'insufficient skills in assessing students’ progress and the limited content of the IEP further hinder its effectiveness in supporting students with SEN. The study highlights the need for improvements in practicality, evaluation, and content to enhance the effectiveness of IEP oncatering the needs of students with SEN. Meanwhile, the findings revealed obstacles including teachers' lack of professional knowledge, cumbersome administrative processes, limited human resources, low parent involvement, and inconsistent progress monitoring. These challenges hinder the effectiveness of IEP implementation. Oppositely, the only key facilitator, which is student progress, allows for reflection and adjustments in teaching practices. Improving teacher training, streamlining administrative procedures, increasing resources, enhancing parent involvement, and standardising progress monitoring are crucial for optimising IEP implementation and supporting students with special educational needs.

"This study investigates the perspectives, challenges, and strategies of STEM teachers in Macau as they integrate STEM education into their curricula. STEM teachers in Macau generally consider the integration of STEM education essential for enhancing students' creativity and problem-solving abilities. However, during the implementation process, they face challenges such as insufficient resources, limited opportunities for professional development, and difficulties in interdisciplinary collaboration, which restrict the effectiveness of STEM teaching. This study employed a qualitative research approach, conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with STEM teachers in primary and secondary schools in Macau to understand their experiences and needs. Purposeful sampling was used to ensure diversity and representativeness of the sample. The findings indicate that schools lack sufficient STEM teaching resources (such as equipment and materials), and limited professional development opportunities prevent teachers from effectively mastering new technologies and teaching methods. Furthermore, interdisciplinary teaching is constrained by challenges in collaboration and curriculum design. Low student engagement and insufficient parental support also affect the effectiveness of STEM education. The results suggest that schools should enhance resource allocation, promote professional development for STEM teachers in Macau, and encourage interdisciplinary teaching collaboration to improve the quality of STEM education, thus strengthening students' creativity and problem-solving skills. These findings offer valuable insights for STEM educators and policymakers to foster the comprehensive development of STEM education.

This dissertation explores the concept of a topographic shopping mall in Macau inspired by the region's mountainous landscapes and its potential to integrate nature within urban environments. As consumer preferences increasingly shift towards sustainable and health- oriented experiences, the incorporation of nature-inspired design principles emerges as a critical response to these demands. This study investigates how blending natural elements— such as local flora, organic forms, and water features—can enhance the shopping experience, fostering a deeper connection between individuals and their environment. The research addresses key questions regarding the effective integration of nature-inspired design in commercial architecture, the impact of these elements on user experience and well-being, and their influence on economic performance. By examining existing design strategies and their effects on visitor satisfaction, this dissertation aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the benefits associated with nature-inspired retail environments. Ultimately, the findings highlight the importance of creating biophilic spaces that not only fulfill practical needs but also promote health and a sense of community, positioning the topographic shopping mall as a potential model for future commercial developments.

In the everchanging environment of the digital era, incorporating new technologies has become a critical engine for company development and progress Mobile applications, for example, have emerged as important tools for reaching and engaging a diverse client base These apps° user interface ¥UI¦ design is essential to this engagement since it directly influences the ease of use, user experience ¥UX¦, and, ultimately, the organisation°s overall reputation Macau has experienced a significant shift in food delivery service in recent years, with a quick transition to an online platform Three significant companies have emerged in this fastpaced atmosphere, each vying for a piece of the market These platforms act as meal order brokers, linking customers and restaurants, with most eateries available on all three apps In this situation, it is vital to identify the factors that influence clients to pick one application over another Simultaneously, pinpointing the pain points inside competitors° applications that generate unhappiness among certain customers becomes a crucial goal This research aims to uncover the primary factors influencing user app preferences in the Macau food delivery business, providing insight into the strengths and weaknesses that impact customer choices and, as a result, the trajectory of these organisations

The current quantitative study aims to understand/investigate the perception of Macao society towards couple therapy and therapists and the perception of Macao's professionals working with couples about couple therapy services in Macao. Given the small sample of this study of professionals who work as therapists for couples in Macao, this indicates that there is not a large number of them. The result of the research indicates also a general positive attitude of professionals towards clients but also indicates that couple therapy needs improvement. The sample used to measure the society shows that the society manifested moderate positive attitudes toward couple therapy. However, the findings may reveal that there are still weak points of societal knowledge and contact for couples therapy services. The outcome manifested that Macao has limited literature about Family and Couple Therapy which may be relevant to understand the poor knowledge of the society related to this field. The current study suggests the elaboration of future studies about Couple Therapy services and about the concept of couple therapy to promote therapeutic service to couples and academic researchers that promote governmental support to offer professionals validation.

With the rapid development of mobile network, APP has become an important platform for children to acquire knowledge, entertainment and learning. Environmental education APPs have great potential to cultivate children's environmental awareness with the feature of “edutainment” and “fun”, as well as to stimulate their interest in learning and change their behavioral habits. Starting from children's UI and UX design, we use creative and child-friendly design to enhance the attractiveness of the product and the user's adhesion. Through quantitative research, we investigate the market and user needs, and analyze competitors. Through qualitative research, we analyze the content of the product using educational psychology as a starting point. The main motivation of this study is to enhance children's interest in environmental protection and their sense of social responsibility through game- based teaching, in view of the environmental problems in Macao and the world.

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is an American car manufacturer and one of the leading automobile manufacturers with over a century of history in the auto industry. The Company is headquartered in the United States, in Dearborn, Michigan. However, it has operations in over 125 countries around the world, including Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America, offering a wide range of vehicles under the Ford and Lincoln brands. The Company has demonstrated resilience and adaptability in response to shifts according to consumer preferences, technology advancements, and government regulations. The company has been investing constantly to restructure and position itself and remain competitive. Therefore, finding strategies to boost sales and get high returns from invested capital is a must for the company to keep its market share, even though this is still a challenge due to the nature of the automotive industry, which brings intense competition from both traditional and new entrants, particularly EV manufacturers. In this study the focus is not only to estimate the intrinsic value of Ford Motor Company as of 31, December 2023, but also to analyze essential aspects of the company including SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter’s five forces analysis to get a framework of internal and external environment of the company which enables us to identify strategic opportunities, competitive advantage, vulnerabilities, and threats of the Company. After understanding the dynamics of the company and the economic overview, which are crucial to predict the impact of key assumptions when evaluating the company’s intrinsic value. For the second part of our study, the attention goes to the financial analysis of both historical and forecasted financial statements that are extremely important to apply for the Discounted Cash Flow valuation methods and later to perform a sensitivity analysis to understand the Company’s financial performance. Therefore, Ford Motor Company’s intrinsic value from the three discounted cash flow models leads us to conclude that the Ford stock’s price is currently undervalued, and it is expected to grow in the future.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a critical public health concern given that individuals spend approximately 90% of their time in enclosed environments. Poor IAQ has been linked to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and cognitive impairment, while improvements in air quality have demonstrated measurable benefits, including enhanced workplace productivity (2 to 7 times greater efficiency) and reduced prevalence of asthma and allergies. This study investigates IAQ across diverse occupational settings in Macao, employing a combination of environmental sampling and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) exposure model to assess health risks associated with prolonged indoor exposure. Field sampling was conducted in five representative workplaces (restaurants, student dormitories, auto repair shops, offices, and parking security rooms), and particulate matter was collected from air conditioning filters to detect heavy metal content in the samples. Subsequently, we applied the PMF model to analyze the pollution sources and the US EPA exposure model to assess health risks and evaluate the carcinogenic risks in the five representative workplaces. The forward matrix factorization (PMF) model identified six major pollution sources: traffic emissions (23.8%, Zn/Sb), building materials (21.6%, Al/Ti), cooking activities (18.5%, Na/Ca), chemicals (15.2%, Ag/B), electronic devices (12.3%, Tl), and outdoor activities (8.6%, Co/Ni). The health risk assessment using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) exposure model showed that the overall non-carcinogenic risk (HI = 6.16×10^-6) and carcinogenic risk (6.57×10^-9) were below the safety threshold, indicating that its direct health hazard was minimal. However, nickel and chromium were identified as the main contributors to potential long-term risks.This study is currently only a preliminary exploratory study and provides a basis for subsequent research.These findings underscore the necessity for site-specific IAQ management strategies, such as enhanced mechanical ventilation, air filtration upgrades, and occupancy regulations. The study provides policymakers with evidence-based insights to mitigate health risks in high-exposure environments while establishing a framework for future IAQ monitoring in urban settings.

The pervasive presence of microplastics in the environment constitues a significant challenge for internationalntern conservation efforts. Since the increase in anthropogentic activities and inadequate plastic waste management over all years, Macao coastal ecosystems have been greatly impacted. Therefore, it is essential to assess the presence and characteristics of microplastics in both waters and sediments along the coastlines of Macao particularly focusing on mangrove and non-mangrove areas. This evaluation aims to gather data on the sources, transport mechanisms, and ecological impacts of microplastics in Macao's coastal waters. A recent local report has indicated that Macao's water sources are not completely free from contamination. This has become a significant concern, as coastal and wastewater sources are heavily polluted with microplastic particles. Macao has been referred to as one of the world's most pressing plastic ocean pollution areas, with one of the highest rates of such pollution globally. Microplastics, however, are not the only plastic pollutant found, as nanoplastics have been found in shore waters, harming ocean ecosystems and becoming incorporated into the food chain. This research was used to quantitatively estimate the density and occurrence of microplastics in Macao coastal ecosystems in mangrove and non-mangrove areas (Taipa Mangroves Wetland, Cotai Ecological Reserve, Coloane Village Wetland) and Hac Sa beach. The results show that the non-mangrove site has a density of microplastics at 267.98 pieces/kg, which has the lowest of all the sampling stations, and Taipa Mangroves Wetland, with the highest concentration of microplastics within the forest among the sampling stations in the mangrove zone of Macau. This research can also provide useful information for environmental conservation and management plans.

The Administrative Regulation No. 29/2020 on the Special Education System has been officially implemented since September 2021. The promulgation and enforcement of this important regulation mark that Macao's special education cause has entered a new era of development. In the overall system of special education, the teaching staff has always played a vital role. Their professional literacy, teaching status, and career feelings directly affect the quality and effectiveness of special education, and further concern the growth and future development of special students. This study focuses on the group of special education teachers in Macao, with the core goal of in-depth exploring various situations in their career. Specifically, it mainly revolves around teachers' current status, including their actual feelings in the teaching process, faced difficulties and challenges, as well as their demands and expectations for professional development. Meanwhile, it emphasizes the analysis of the current situation of teachers' professional achievement motivation, understanding the inner satisfaction and achievement gained in special education work, and further explores various factors affecting teachers' professional achievement motivation, such as the school management environment, parents' cooperation degree, society's cognition and support for special education, and teachers' own professional growth background. This study adopts qualitative research methods and semi-structured interviews, uses Grounded Theory three-level coding to carefully and deeply interpret teachers' statements, so as to extract core information and key themes. On this basis, it summarizes and draws research conclusions: Social perception shows obvious polarization in the public's cognition of special education teachers;School environment indicates that the working environment has an important impact on teachers' professional achievement motivation. The lack of effective communication and collaboration mechanisms among colleagues, and even interpersonal conflicts, lead to teachers' difficulty in obtaining good interpersonal support and cooperative atmosphere at work, reducing their work enthusiasm and achievement motivation; Personal development shows that teachers generally lack clear plans and specific schemes for career planning, thus hindering long-term career development. This study further proposes a series of practical countermeasures and suggestions, aiming to improve the professional achievement motivation of special education teachers in Macao from multiple aspects, including school management, educational policy formulation, social support system construction, and teachers' own professional development, so as to provide solid talent support and guarantee for the sustainable development of Macao's special education cause. It ensures that every special student can obtain sufficient growth and development opportunities in a high-quality educational environment, better integrate into society, and realize their own value and potential. 《特殊教育制度》第29/2020號行政法規自2021年9月起正式落地實施，這一重要法規的頒布與執行，標誌著澳門特殊教育事業踏入了一個全新的發展時期。在特殊教育的整體體系中，教師隊伍始終扮演著至關重要的角色，其專業素養、教學狀態以及職業感受等各個方面，均直接影響著特殊教育的質量與成效，進而關乎特殊學生的成長與未來發展。 本研究將目光聚焦於澳門特殊教育教師群體，以深入探究其在職業生涯中的多種情況為核心目標。具體而言，主要圍繞教師自身當下的狀態，包括其在教學過程中的實際感受、面臨的困難與挑戰，以及在專業發展方面的訴求與期望；同時著重對教師職業成就感的現狀進行剖析，了解在特殊教育工作過程中收穫的內心滿足感及成就感；並進一步挖掘影響教師職業成就感的各類因素，如學校管理環境、家長配合程度、社會對特殊教育的認知與支持力度，以及教師自身的專業成長背景等多個層面。本研究採用質性研究方法和半結構訪談法，運用紮根理論三級編碼對教師們的言辭進行細緻拆解與深入解讀，從而提取出核心資訊與關鍵主題，並在此基礎上進行歸納總結，最終得出的研究結論，社會評價：大眾對特殊教育教師的認知呈現出明顯的兩極分化。學校環境： 工作環境方面對教師職業成就感產生重要影響。同事之間缺乏有效的溝通協作機制，甚至存在人際衝突，導致教師在工作中難以獲得良好的人際支持與合作氛圍，降低其工作積極性與成就感。個人發展： 教師在職業生涯規劃方面普遍缺乏明確的打算與具體的計劃，從而對長期職業發展產生了一定的阻礙。 本研究進一步提出了一系列切實可行的對策與建議，旨在從學校管理、教育政策制定、社會支持體系建設以及教師自身專業發展等多個方面著手，提升澳門特殊教育教師的職業成就感，為澳門特殊教育事業的可持續發展提供堅實的人才支撐和保障。確保每位特殊學生都能在優質的教育環境中獲得充分成長與發展的機會，更好地融入社會，實現自身價值與潛能。

This study explored the influence of Macao caregivers' interaction with young children on language development, and analyzed the family language environment,sociolect-cultural influence and the current language development support system from the perspective of social work. A qualitative research method was used to analyze the interaction pattern and the progress of language development through in-depth interview and observation. The study found that the overuse of electronics, caregiver interaction and multilingual environment affected language development to different degrees, and made suggestions on how social workers should intervene and improve the support system for language development.

本研究旨在圖卡兌換溝通系統訓練對無口語能力的雷特氏症學生溝通行爲之學習成效，此研究會以單一個案研究的A-B設計進行，以一位高中的雷特氏症學生為研究對象，以圖卡兌換溝通系統（Picture Exchange Communication System，簡稱 PECS）的第一階段和第二階段作為研究目標。由研究者及助理員一同記錄個案在進行研究時的結果，經過研究結果顯示： 一.圖卡交換溝通系統（PECS）階段一對雷特氏症狀的學生具有學習之成效。 二.圖卡交換溝通系統（PECS）階段二對雷特氏症狀的學生具有學習之成效。 本研究綜合上述結果，提出對教導雷特氏症學生溝通行爲教學提供相關建議。 This study aims to investigate the learning outcomes of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) training on the communication behaviors of non-verbal students with Rett Syndrome. The research will adopt a single-case A-B design, focusing on a high school student with Rett Syndrome. The first and second phases of PECS will be set as the research objectives. The researcher and assistant will jointly record the case's performance during the study. The results show that:. Results show: 1.PECS Stage 1 is effective for students with Rett syndrome. 2.PECS Stage 2 also shows effectiveness for these students. Based on these findings, the study offers relevant suggestions for teaching communication behaviors to students with Rett syndrome.

“Hygiene”, a “concept” discussed throughout this thesis, is now regarded as a necessary means to ""protect life"". It is generally believed that hygiene has a certain relationship to infectious diseases, and its definition is based on modern Western “hygiene” theory. In fact, the concept of “hygiene” also existed in ancient China, but the definition of “hygiene” differed from that in the West. In order to better distinguish between the two, the following thesis uses the word “wei sheng” for the traditional Chinese concept of “hygiene”. Its meaning refers to how people prevent diseases in their daily lives, including eating habits, daily life, and so forth, in order to achieve the related ideal of longevity, an interpretation that differs from the current definition of hygiene introduced from the West. This thesis will explain the difference between the two. In addition, this thesis uses Macau as a case study and example. As a place that was once colonized by Western countries, Macau has been particularly directly influenced by these modern ideas. Among them, the Western concept of “hygiene” was spread and implemented with the Portuguese management of Macau, especially in the construction of hospitals and measures taken in response to multiple plagues in the 19th century. How did the Chinese in Macau view these Western concepts? What changes did they prompt in Macau? This thesis will mainly discuss four questions. How did hygiene concepts change in China during the late Qing Dynasty? Taking Macau as an example, how did the Chinese view these changes? Did they prompt any conflicts between cultures? What was the relationship between changes in hygiene concepts and measures implemented to handle plagues and epidemics?

This dissertation investigates how to alleviate the shortage of green space in high-density urban areas. It explores a design approach that integrates green plants into high-rise mixed-use buildings, especially the green plants growing on vertical space and building facade of a high-rise building. To develop specific design principles and design methods, this study conducts a literature review and case studies in the following two ways. First, this study explores three key themes that are regarded as design concepts in my graduation project, namely vertical greenery, sky garden, and low-carbon design. Based on these themes, this study further explores the implied design principles, which include (1) balancing ecology and aesthetics, (2) ensuring spatial equity, and (3) sustainability. Secondly, super high-rise buildings, mixed-use buildings, and nature-integrated buildings are three typological cases that are analyzed in this study. Based on an analysis of these cases, this study develops the following design methods that apply to my graduation project: (1) double-skin facade system, (2) structural symbiosis, (3) hierarchical sky gardens, and (4) three-dimensional green network. To better understand how to increase green space in high-density urban areas, this study develops an architectural design scheme in Zone D of Macau’s new town. 本论文旨在研究如何缓解高密度城市区域的绿地短缺问题。它探索了一种将绿色植物融入高层综合用途建筑的设计方法，尤其关注在高层建筑的垂直空间和建筑外立面上生长的绿色植物。 为了形成具体的设计原则和设计方法，本研究通过以下两种方式开展了文献综述与案例研究。首先，本研究探讨了三个关键主题，这些主题被视为本人毕业设计中的设计理念，即垂直绿化、空中花园和低碳设计。基于这些主题，本研究进一步挖掘了其中隐含的设计原则，包括：（1）平衡生态与美学；（2）保障空间公平；（3）可持续性。其次，本研究对超高层建筑、综合用途建筑和自然融合型建筑这三类典型案例进行了分析。在案例分析的基础上，本研究总结出适用于本人毕业设计的以下设计方法：（1）双层表皮系统；（2）结构共生；（3）层级化空中花园；（4）三维绿色网络。为了更深入地理解如何在高密度城市区域增加绿地，本研究在澳门新城 D 区规划了一个建筑设计方案。