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本文透過教父尼薩的額我略的早期著作《真福八端講道集》，探討其神學體系中天主的恩寵和人的自由之間的關係。作者著眼於天主的恩寵和人的自由在聖化過程中的動態關係，首先闡釋額我略對人的聖化即是回歸本性的縱向旅程的理解；其後具體分析該講道集中額我略對天主的恩寵（外在恩寵、內在恩寵）和人的自由（選擇的自由和自主性的自由）的理解；最後分析兩種恩寵和兩種自由在靈性旅程中本質上是並行發展、相容互惠的關係。

All-electric aircraft (AEA) have garnered significant attention due to their potential to achieve zero carbon emissions and reduce noise pollution, contributing to global environmental sustainability. This study examines consumer behavioural intentions toward AEA in Guangdong, China, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the theoretical framework. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 100 potential adopters, assessing their awareness, influencing factors, and willingness to adopt the technology. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyse the responses. The findings indicate that consumers’ attitudes, subjective norms, and environmental concerns positively influence their adoption of AEAs. Interestingly, perceived behavioural control and perceived risk were found to have no significant effect. These insights offer practical implications for accelerating AEA adoption in Guangdong's aviation sector. For airlines, the results highlight the importance of emphasising environmental benefits and social endorsements in marketing campaigns. Manufacturers can strengthen safety perceptions to align with consumer expectations, while policymakers may consider infrastructure investments to mitigate adoption barriers. Collectively, these measures could foster broader acceptance of AEAs, supporting regional decarbonisation goals in the regional air transport sector.

While the initial adoption of technology is widely studied, the factors driving its long-term retention remain a critical gap. This research shifts the focus from adoption to sustained use by applying the Model for Sustained Technology Use (MSTU) to investigate generative AI engagement among Vietnamese university students. A cross-sectional survey of 100 students measured the key constructs of Habit, Satisfaction, and Perceived Usefulness, as well as their impact on Sustained Technology Use. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that Habit is the strongest direct predictor of sustained use, surpassing the influence of Perceived Usefulness (PU). While PU drives initial adoption, its effect diminishes over time, whereas Satisfaction (ST) plays a crucial mediating role in long-term engagement. These results challenge the prevailing assumption that perceived usefulness alone is sufficient to ensure long-term success. The study offers key implications for researchers and practitioners, emphasizing the importance of designing AI educational tools that seamlessly integrate into and adapt to user workflows to promote habitual use. For educators and developers, this means prioritizing features that create engaging, positive, automatic user experiences to ensure generative AI remains a retained educational resource, not a momentary novelty.

<jats:p>The significance of forgetting in the Zhuangzi and its methodological significance for living a good life in particular has long been recognized by Zhuangzian scholars. However, with regard to what is really meant by forgetting, scholars are still far from reaching some clear consensus. Thus, with the aim of clarifying what is meant by forgetting in the Zhuangzi, I propose a wholistic understanding of forgetting in terms of the Zhuangzian conception of human self-cultivation. On the one hand, it involves an analysis of how forgetting is used negatively in the Zhuangzi to characterize and explain human fallenness. On the other hand, it also entails a careful analysis of all positive uses of forgetting in the text to mean our elimination of chengxin, orientation to the Dao, and fitness with all things in harmony.</jats:p>

<jats:p>This study aims to understand how companies address and integrate sustainability challenges in packaging design, as well as the motivations and processes that influence managers’ decisions when adopting sustainable practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers from five major Portuguese companies to gather qualitative data on the motivations and processes related to sustainable packaging strategies and actions. The list of questions was developed based on the literature review, from which the dimensions to be analyzed were identified. The results indicate that several factors influence companies’ decisions regarding sustainability in packaging. Despite some factors being beyond the control of companies, the interviews reveal that companies possess the necessary knowledge and are committed to adopting more sustainable packaging.</jats:p>

Understanding consistent inter-individual variability in animal behaviour, known as personality traits, is essential for exploring the mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of behavioural diversity. Aggressive behaviour influences survival, resource acquisition, and reproduction, so clarifying individual differences can enhance our understanding of ecological dynamics and improve experimental design accuracy in behavioural studies. In this study, ornamental male Betta splendens, a model organism for aggression research, were analysed for intra- and inter-individual variability in aggressive responses to their mirror image-a standard method for assessing aggression in fish-once per week, and their consistency was evaluated over three consecutive weeks There were significant differences in aggressive behaviour across individuals, with coefficients of variation ranging from 29 to 60%. While most fish exhibited the full suite of aggressive displays, some showed no aggressive behaviour, while others only displayed threat behaviours but did not advance to the attacks. The consistency of individual threat and attack behaviours varied, but repeatability was high overall (intra-class correlation coefficients >= 0.5), indicating that individual fish have different levels of aggression. There was habituation to the mirror assay, with aggression decreasing significantly by the second week, though the degree of habituation, a form of learning, varied among individuals in some behaviours. Air-breathing frequency correlated positively with aggression behaviours and can be considered an indicator to infer aggression level in this species. These results indicate that inter-individual variation in aggressive behaviour and habituation to repeated testing using the mirror assay should be considered in aggression studies using B. splendens and potentially in other species.

This anthology has been skillfully edited by two excellent young scholars of the impact of grassroots and non-formal transnational interactions upon Sino-American relations during the late 1930s and 1940s, years when first war with Japan and then an internecine civil war consumed China. The collection highlights “a motley array of Chinese and Americans who have long flown under the radar,” neglected by the official narrative of dealings between China and the United States which, according to the authors, has focused primarily upon a rather restricted cast of characters, most of them high-level official figures (3). The authors also deliberately draw upon both Western and Chinese sources, utilizing archival and printed materials from repositories in Taiwan, mainland China, North America, and beyond. The selection of individuals and enterprises featured in this fascinating collection is undoubtedly eclectic, ranging from Herbert Yardley, an expert cryptographer who spent 1938 to 1940 in China, training young Chinese codebreakers to decipher Japanese codes, to Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Evans, who took advantage of his military position in Taiwan following the Japanese surrender to appropriate and sell a small fortune in confiscated gold. Along the way, one encounters Chinese, British, and American guerrilla operatives in World War II South China; Gong Peng, the young Chinese spokeswoman for the Communists in Chongqing, the wartime capital, who enchanted and won over to her cause a wide swathe of Western journalists and diplomats; Gu Gengyu of Sichuan, who gained control of China’s lucrative hog-bristle production during the 1940s, selling in bulk to the United States government; and General Haydon Boatner, righthand man to Joseph W. Stilwell, the U.S. commander in the World War II China-Burma-India theater.